Psychosocial correlates of alcohol and substance use in college youth with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Adolescents and young adults with chronic diseases face unique challenges during the college years and may consume alcohol and other substances to cope with stressors. This study aimed to assess the patterns of substance use and to determine psychosocial correlates of these behaviors among college youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: College youth with T1D were recruited via social media and direct outreach into a web-based study.

Intensifying Substance Use Trends among Youth: A Narrative Review of Recent Trends and Implications.

Purpose Of Review: Substance use among adolescents and young adults remains a critical public health concern, with patterns shifting dramatically in recent years. This narrative review examines trends in substance use behaviors during and following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Recent Findings: Epidemiologic evidence shows declines in the proportion of youth who are using most substances but intensified consumption patterns with rising levels of disorder among adolescents who use substances.

Pain Interference in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Objective: Despite treatment advances, pain remains a serious problem for many children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). To better understand pain in children with JIA and identify potentially modifiable factors, this study evaluated Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Pain Interference (PI) and its relationships with other pain measures and demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and functional variables.

Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study used descriptive statistics and a mix of bivariate and multivariable analyses to describe PI and characterize relationships with other measures and variables.

Which pediatric practices use substance use consultation services?

Substance use disorders (SUD) are common in adolescents and young adults, though few youth with SUD receive treatment, and rates of medication for substance use disorder treatment are much lower in youth compared to adults. Pediatric primary care could present an opportunity for youth with SUD to access medication, though pediatric providers may need support. Massachusetts has provided a substance use consultation line for pediatric providers since 2018.

Need for strategic communications and stakeholder engagement to advance acceptability of an overdose preventing vaccine targeting fentanyl.

Background: Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid, exposure to which has led to hundreds of thousands of overdose deaths. Novel vaccines are being developed that might protect against fentanyl overdose. Proactive attention to strategic communications and stakeholder engagement may smooth uptake of a novel vaccine given known challenges around vaccine hesitancy and concern for stigma related to substance use.

Disease-Tailored Brief Intervention for Alcohol Use Among Youths With Chronic Medical Conditions: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: In the US, 25% of youths have a chronic medical condition (CMC). Alcohol use is prevalent among youths with a CMC and is associated with treatment nonadherence, simultaneous exposure to contraindicated medications, poor self-care, and elevated rates of progression to heavy and problem use by young adulthood. Preventive interventions targeting these youths are scarce and lack evidence about longer-term risk-stratified effects.

Identifying Adolescent Vaping With Screening to Brief Intervention and Brief Screener for Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs Screening Tools.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether the modified Screening to Brief Intervention (S2BI) and Brief Screener for Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs (BSTAD) that included e-cigarettes/vaping as examples could identify all nicotine and cannabis use or whether additional questions specifically about vaping are needed.

Methods: Between July 2020 and February 2022, adolescents recruited from primary care or an outpatient adolescent substance use disorder program were randomized to complete S2BI or BSTAD followed by specific questions about vaping. Screen questions were updated to include "vaping" in the parenthetical examples of nicotine and cannabis use.

Comparing the Performance of World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview Substance Abuse Module in Adolescents to Diagnoses Made by Pediatric Addiction Medicine Specialists.

Objectives: The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview Substance Abuse Module (WMH-CIDI-SAM) is commonly used as a criterion standard measure for substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses, although the accuracy of this tool when used with adolescents is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement between SUD diagnoses for adolescents made by WMH-CIDI-SAM and those made by specialists based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) ( DSM-5 ) SUD criteria during an SUD evaluation.

Methods: Adolescents aged 12 to 17 years presenting to an outpatient SUD program for youth were administered the WMH-CIDI-SAM by a trained research assistant, and results were compared with diagnoses made by experienced clinicians based on DSM-5 SUD criteria during an initial SUD evaluation.

Adolescent and Parent Perspectives on Digital Phenotyping in Youths With Chronic Pain: Cross-Sectional Mixed Methods Survey Study.

Background: Digital phenotyping is a promising methodology for capturing moment-to-moment data that can inform individually adapted and timely interventions for youths with chronic pain.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate adolescent and parent endorsement, perceived utility, and concerns related to passive data stream collection through smartphones for digital phenotyping for clinical and research purposes in youths with chronic pain.

Methods: Through multiple-choice and open-response survey questions, we assessed the perspectives of patient-parent dyads (103 adolescents receiving treatment for chronic pain at a pediatric hospital with an average age of 15.

Returning Genetic Information About Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder to Adolescents: Findings of a Preliminary Qualitative Study of Precision Prevention.

Introduction: Alcohol use disorders are heritable, with genetic factors predicting approximately 50% of the risk. Returning information about genetic risk could promote avoidance of alcohol, reducing alcohol use disorder risk. This study explored attitudes toward a precision prevention model of alcohol use disorder targeting adolescents.

Parent Guidance on Alcohol Use for Youth With Chronic Medical Conditions.

Purpose: Youth with chronic medical conditions are vulnerable to unique alcohol-related health consequences, yet there are few prevention strategies targeting this group. Youth with chronic medical conditions parents' beliefs and provision of alcohol-related guidance have not yet been explored, which limits the development of effective family-based interventions.

Methods: We evaluated baseline surveys of youth with chronic medical conditions and their parents (n = 268 dyads) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a psychoeducational intervention to reduce alcohol use by youth with chronic medical conditions.

Substance Use and Educational Impacts in Youth With and Without Chronic Illness.

Introduction: Alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine are commonly used psychoactive substances that affect adolescent neurocognition. Little is known about the educational impacts of their use on measures of educational performance, participation and problems, especially among youth with a chronic illness who may use these substances to alleviate stress and symptoms.

Methods: Adolescents receiving general or subspecialty care were administered an electronic survey from 2016 to 2018.

The Association of Vaping With Social/Emotional Health and Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Mitigation Measures in Adolescent and Young Adult Cohorts During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Vaping is a major health risk behavior which often occurs socially. Limited social activity during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to worsening social and emotional health. We investigated associations among youth vaping, and reports of worsening mental health, loneliness, and relationships with friends and romantic partners (ie, social health), as well as perceived attitudes toward COVID-19 mitigation measures.

Assessment of Screening Tools to Identify Substance Use Disorders Among Adolescents.

Importance: Efficient screening tools that effectively identify substance use disorders (SUDs) among youths are needed.

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of 3 brief substance use screening tools (Screening to Brief Intervention [S2BI]; Brief Screener for Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs [BSTAD]; and Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substances [TAPS]) with adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional validation study was conducted from July 1, 2020, to February 28, 2022.

Families' Experiences in the Virtual Hanen Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic required most pediatric rehabilitation programs to shift to a virtual delivery format without the benefits of evidence to support this transition. Our study explored families' experiences participating virtually in , a program for parents of autistic children, with the goal of generating new evidence to inform both virtual service delivery and program development.

Method: Twenty-one families who recently completed a virtual program participated in a semistructured interview.

Construct validity of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Paediatric measures in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: cross-sectional evaluation.

Objectives: Evaluate construct validity of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Paediatric measures of symptoms and functioning against measures of disease activity among youth with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Design: Cross-sectional associations among PROMIS measures and clinical metrics of disease activity were estimated.

Setting: Seven clinical sites of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Alliance (CARRA) in the USA.

Barriers and Facilitators of Hepatitis C Care in Persons Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are often co-transmitted. Viral coinfection results in worse outcomes. Persons who inject drugs (PWIDs) face barriers to medical treatment, but HCV treatment is indicated and effective even with ongoing active drug use.

Pediatric Subspecialist Alcohol Screening Rates and Concerns About Alcohol and Cannabis Use Among Their Adolescent Patients.

Purpose: Pediatric specialty care provides an opportunity to screen for and address patient substance use; however, little is known about providers' screening rates, their opinions regarding substance use harms, or the potential marijuana to be used as a medication.

Methods: We surveyed national convenience samples of pediatric endocrinologists (N = 142) and rheumatologists (N = 83) and used descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression to examine alcohol screening rates, barriers, and for medical use of marijuana, differences between subspecialist concerns.

Results: In all, 36.