Childhood household dysfunction, school performance and psychiatric care utilisation in young adults: a register study of 96 399 individuals in Stockholm County.

Background: Exposure to childhood household dysfunction increases the risk of psychiatric morbidity. Although school performance also has been linked with psychiatric morbidity, limited research has considered school performance as a mediating factor. To address this gap in the literature, the current register study examined whether school performance mediates the association between childhood household dysfunction (experienced between birth and age 14 years) and psychiatric care utilisation in young adulthood.

Associations between number of sick-leave days and future all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study.

Background: As the number of studies on the future situation of sickness absentees still is very limited, we aimed to investigate the association between number of sick-leave days and future all-cause and cause-specific mortality among women and men.

Methods: A cohort of 2 275 987 women and 2 393 248 men, aged 20-64 years in 1995 was followed 1996-2006 with regard to mortality. Data were obtained from linked authority-administered registers.

Quality of medical care and excess mortality in psychiatric patients--a nationwide register-based study in Sweden.

Objective: To assess overall and cause-specific mortality and the quality of somatic care among psychiatric patients.

Design: A register-based cohort study.

Setting: All individuals aged 20-79 years in Sweden in 2005.

Associations between income inequality at municipality level and health depend on context - a multilevel analysis on myocardial infarction in Sweden.

This study investigates whether a) income inequality in Swedish municipalities increases the risk of myocardial infarction (AMI); b) the association between income inequality and AMI is mediated by level of residential segregation, measured as homogeneity in parishes (as a proxy for neighbourhoods) within municipalities; and c) there is an interaction between parish homogeneity and individual level social position. The study population consisted of all individuals aged 40-64 years in 1990 who lived in municipalities with >50,000 inhabitants (n = 1,284,955). Data on socioeconomic, demographic information and diagnosis data on AMI were obtained by linkage between authority-administered registers and the National Patient Register.

Sociodemographic differences in antiepileptic drug prescriptions to adult epilepsy patients.

Background: According to the Swedish Health Care Act, patients should be provided with the health care they need, regardless of sociodemographic status. We investigated whether in Sweden sociodemographic differences are associated with access to expert health care and antiepileptic drug (AED) prescriptions in epilepsy.

Method: Patients with epilepsy were identified in the National Patient Register.

Social adversity predicts ADHD-medication in school children--a national cohort study.

Aims: To test the hypothesis that psychosocial adversity in the family predicts medicated ADHD in school children.

Method: ADHD-medication during 2006 was identified in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register in national birth cohorts of 1.1 million 6-19 year olds.

Sex differences in inappropriate drug use: a register-based study of over 600,000 older people.

Background: Several studies have observed a higher rate of inappropriate drug use in elderly women than in elderly men, although few have focused explicitly on sex differences. Also, educational level (a measure of socioeconomic status) has been associated with both polypharmacy and inappropriate drug use in the elderly population, which could explain sex differences in inappropriate drug use.

Objective: To investigate whether sex is associated with inappropriate drug use in a large general population of older people, after adjustment for age, socioeconomic status (ie, educational level), and comorbidity (ie, number of drugs).

ADHD in international adoptees: a national cohort study.

Several investigators have reported an increased frequency of attention/hyperactivity symptoms in international adoptees, though population-based studies are lacking. In this national cohort study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD medication in international adoptees in Sweden, in comparison to the general population. A further purpose was to study gender, age at adoption and region of origin as predictors of ADHD medication in international adoptees.

Use of lithium in the adult populations of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.

Background: Lithium is an important drug in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Earlier epidemiological studies of lithium use have depended on sales statistics, clinical surveys or population surveys. The national prescription databases in Denmark, Norway and Sweden may help provide more reliable information on the epidemiology of lithium use.

The influence of educational level on polypharmacy and inappropriate drug use: a register-based study of more than 600,000 older people.

Objectives: To investigate whether low educational attainment is associated with polypharmacy and potential inappropriate drug use (IDU) in older people.

Design: Cross-sectional register-based study.

Setting: Sweden.

Refill adherence to oral antihyperglycaemic drugs in Sweden.

Only 49% of the patients with T2D in Sweden that medicate with oral antihyperglycaemic drugs (AHGD) had good blood glucose control (HbA(1C) < 6.0%). The reason can be low medication adherence.

Education and drug use in Sweden--a nationwide register-based study.

Purpose: To analyse educational variations in prescriptions dispensed in Sweden. A better knowledge of the use of drugs in the population, including socioeconomic distribution, is a prerequisite in efforts to estimate whether drugs are being prescribed and used according to need. This knowledge may also facilitate the identification of selection or confounding factors when analysing outcome or adverse side effects of drug treatment.

Education and use of dementia drugs: a register-based study of over 600,000 older people.

Background/aims: Low education has been shown to be a risk factor for dementia. However, little is known about the association between educational level and dementia drugs.

Methods: We conducted a register-based study in Sweden of 645,973 people aged 75-89 years.

Are manual workers at higher risk of death than non-manual employees when living in Swedish municipalities with higher income inequality?

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that manual workers are at higher risk of death than are non-manual employees when living in municipalities with higher income inequality.

Design: Hierarchical regression was used for the analysis were individuals were nested within municipalities according to the 1990 Swedish census. The outcome was all-cause mortality 1992-1998.

Income distribution and mortality: implications from a comparison of individual-level analysis and multilevel analysis with Swedish data.

Background: This follow-up study analyses whether there is an association between income distribution in Swedish municipalities and risk of death from all causes in the total Swedish population aged 40-64 years and compares the results obtained with analyses performed on individual-level analysis and multilevel analysis.

Methods: Individual-level data on social and economic circumstances were obtained from various official records and were linked to the national cause-of-death register. Analyses were made with two methods, an individual-level regression and a multilevel regression.

Metropolitan income inequality and working-age mortality: a cross-sectional analysis using comparable data from five countries.

The relationship between income inequality and mortality has come into question as of late from many within-country studies. This article examines the relationship between income inequality and working-age mortality for metropolitan areas (MAs) in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Sweden, and the United States to provide a fuller understanding of national contexts that produce associations between inequality and mortality. An ecological cross-sectional analysis of income inequality (as measured by median share of income) and working-age (25-64) mortality by using census and vital statistics data for 528 MAs (population >50,000) from five countries in 1990-1991 was used.

Mortality, severe morbidity, and injury in children living with single parents in Sweden: a population-based study.

Background: Growing up with one parent has become increasingly common, and seems to entail disadvantages in terms of socioeconomic circumstances and health. We aimed to investigate differences in mortality, severe morbidity, and injury between children living in households with one adult and those living in households with two adults.

Methods: In this population-based study, we assessed overall and cause-specific mortality between 1991 and 1998 and risk of admission between 1991 and 1999 for 65085 children with single parents and 921257 children with two parents.

Mortality, severe morbidity and injury among long-term lone mothers in Sweden.

Background: Being a lone mother often implies disadvantage in terms of both socioeconomic circumstances and health. Our aim was to examine differences in mortality, severe morbidity and injury between lone mothers and mothers living with partners, on the assumption that the disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances contribute to poor health.

Methods: The odds for receipt of hospital care or death between 1991 and 1994 were estimated for 26 619 lone mothers and 379 855 partnered mothers from data collected for the Swedish Population and Housing Census of 1990.

Socioeconomic differences in road traffic injuries during childhood and youth: a closer look at different kinds of road user.

Study Objective: To investigate if there are socioeconomic differences in road traffic injuries among Swedish children and adolescents, and if this applies to the same extent to all categories of road users. To assess the modification effect of gender of child.

Design: A closed population-based cohort study based on the Swedish Population and Housing Census of 1985.

Teenage childbearing and long-term socioeconomic consequences: a case study in Sweden.

Context: Whether long-term socioeconomic problems experienced by many teenage mothers are a reflection of preexisting disadvantage or are consequences of teenage motherhood per se remains unclear.

Methods: National data on all women born in Sweden from 1941 to 1970 who were younger than age 30 when they first gave birth (N=888,044) were analyzed. The outcome measures, assessed during adulthood, were employment status, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, single motherhood, family size, receipt of disability pension and dependence on welfare.

Mortality statistics in immigrant research: method for adjusting underestimation of mortality.

Background: It is difficult to carry out fair comparisons of the mortality of different ethnic groups in a population in register-based studies because sizeable numbers of immigrants who subsequently leave their new homeland fail to register this fact with the national registration authorities. In this article we present a method which attempts to address these problems.

Methods: Age-standardized mortality rates for native Swedes and immigrants in the age group 20-64 years were calculated for all individuals who either were included in the Swedish Population Censuses for 1985 or 1990, or who moved to Sweden during the period November 1990-1994.