Orientation distributions of vacuum-deposited organic emitters revealed by single-molecule microscopy.

The orientation of luminescent molecules in organic light-emitting diodes strongly influences device performance. However, our understanding of the factors controlling emitter orientation is limited as current measurements only provide ensemble-averaged orientation values. Here, we use single-molecule imaging to measure the transition dipole orientation of individual emitter molecules in a state-of-the-art thermally evaporated host and thereby obtain complete orientation distributions of the hyperfluorescence-terminal emitter C545T.

A hydrothermal apparatus for x-ray absorption spectroscopy of hydrothermal fluids at DESY.

We present a new autoclave that enables in situ characterization of hydrothermal fluids at high pressures and high temperatures at synchrotron x-ray radiation sources. The autoclave has been specifically designed to enable x-ray absorption spectroscopy in fluids with applications to mineral solubility and element speciation analysis in hydrothermal fluids in complex compositions. However, other applications, such as Raman spectroscopy, in high-pressure fluids are also possible with the autoclave.

[Transient global amnesia and Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy--coincidence or corollary?].

History: A 69-year-old female patient who had been physically and mentally healthy was admitted to our emergency department because of acute onset of amnesia.

Investigations: Inconspicuous diagnostic findings led to the diagnosis of transient global amnesia (TGA). Furthermore bradycardia and elevated troponins were detected.

Preparation of lipophilic alkyl (hydroxy)benzoates by solvent-free lipase-catalyzed esterification and transesterification.

Long-chain alkyl benzoates, e.g., lauryl 4-hydroxybenzoate, palmityl 4-hydroxybenzoate, and oleyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate, are formed in high to moderate conversion by lipase-catalyzed transesterification of the corresponding short-chain alkyl benzoates (0.

Lipophilic (hydroxy)phenylacetates by solvent-free lipase-catalyzed esterification and transesterification in vacuo.

Various long-chain alkyl (hydroxy)phenylacetates were prepared in high yield by lipase-catalyzed transesterification of the corresponding short-chain alkyl hydroxyphenylacetates and fatty alcohols in equimolar ratios. The reactions were performed in vacuo at moderate temperatures in the absence of solvents and drying agents in direct contact with the reaction mixture. Immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) was the most effective biocatalyst for the various transesterification reactions.

Highly efficient preparation of lipophilic hydroxycinnamates by solvent-free lipase-catalyzed transesterification.

Various medium- or long-chain alkyl cinnamates and hydroxycinnamates, including oleyl p-coumarate as well as palmityl and oleyl ferulates, were prepared in high yield by lipase-catalyzed transesterification of an equimolar mixture of a short-chain alkyl cinnamate and a fatty alcohol such as lauryl, palmityl, and oleyl alcohol under partial vacuum at moderate temperature in the absence of solvents and drying agents in direct contact with the reaction mixture. Immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica was the most effective biocatalyst for the various transesterification reactions. Transesterification activity of this enzyme was up to 56-fold higher than esterification activity for the preparation of medium- and long-chain alkyl ferulates.

Solvent-free lipase-catalyzed preparation of long-chain alkyl phenylpropanoates and phenylpropyl alkanoates.

An enzymatic method was developed for the preparation of medium- or long-chain alkyl 3-phenylpropenoates (alkyl cinnamates), particularly alkyl hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted cinnamates such as oleyl p-coumarate and oleyl ferulate. The various alkyl cinnamates were formed in high to moderate yield by lipase-catalyzed esterification of cinnamic acid and its analogues with fatty alcohols in vacuo at moderate temperatures in the absence of drying agents and solvents. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B was the most effective biocatalyst for the various esterification reactions.

[Implantation of a biventricular pacing system via a persistent left-sided superior vena cava].

Cardiac resynchronization therapy by multisite biventricular pacing presents an additive therapeutic option in the treatment of severe heart failure. Biventricular pacemaker implantation is challenging in patients with persistent left superior vena cava. We describe in this case report the implantation of a biventricular pacemaker using a left-sided approach in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava.

Steryl and stanyl esters of fatty acids by solvent-free esterification and transesterification in vacuo using lipases from Rhizomucor miehei, Candida antarctica, and Carica papaya.

Sitostanol has been converted in high to near-quantitative extent to the corresponding long-chain acyl esters via esterification with oleic acid or transesterification with methyl oleate or trioleoylglycerol using immobilized lipases from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme IM) and Candida antarctica (lipase B, Novozym 435) as biocatalysts in vacuo (20-40 mbar) at 80 degrees C, whereas the conversion was markedly lower at 60 and 40 degrees C. Corresponding conversions observed with papaya (Carica papaya) latex lipase were generally lower. High conversion rates observed in transesterification of sitostanol with methyl oleate at 80 degrees C using Lipozyme IM were retained even after 10 repeated uses of the biocatalyst.

High-yield preparation of wax esters via lipase-catalyzed esterification using fatty acids and alcohols from crambe and camelina oils.

Fatty acids obtained from seed oils of crambe (Crambe abyssinica) and camelina (Camelina sativa) via alkaline saponification or steam splitting were esterified using lipases as biocatalysts with oleyl alcohol and the alcohols derived from crambe and camelina oils via hydrogenolysis of their methyl esters. Long-chain wax esters were thus obtained in high yields when Novozym 435 (immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica) and papaya (Carica papaya) latex lipase were used as biocatalysts and vacuum was applied to remove the water formed. The highest conversions to wax esters were obtained with Novozym 435 (> or =95%) after 4-6 h of reaction, whereas with papaya latex lipase such a high degree of conversion was attained after 24 h.

Fatty acid steryl, stanyl, and steroid esters by esterification and transesterification in vacuo using Candida rugosa lipase as catalyst.

Sterols (sitosterol, cholesterol, stigmasterol, ergosterol, and 7-dehydrocholesterol) and sitostanol have been converted in high to near-quantitative yields to the corresponding long-chain acyl esters via esterification with fatty acids or transesterification with methyl esters of fatty acids or triacylglycerols using lipase from Candida rugosa as biocatalyst in vacuo (20-40 mbar) at 40 degrees C. Neither organic solvent nor water is added in these reactions. Under similar conditions, cholesterol has been converted to cholesteryl butyrate and steroids (5alpha-pregnan-3beta-ol-20-one or 5-pregnen-3beta-ol-20-one) have been converted to their propionic acid esters, both in moderate to high yields, via transesterification with tributyrin and tripropionin, respectively.

[Long-term outcome of hip-operated geriatric patients].

A follow-up of patients with hip fractures discharged from a geriatric rehabilitation unit was conducted by means of a questionnaire sent to the former patients, in case of non-compliance calling to ask for participation in the study and completion of the questionnaire. 234 patients were examined, 8 of whom died during rehabilitation. From 91.