Materials Design and Structural Health Monitoring of Horizontal Axis Offshore Wind Turbines: A State-of-the-Art Review.

In recent decades, Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) have become crucial to the clean energy transition, yet they face significant safety challenges due to harsh marine conditions. Key issues include blade damage, material corrosion, and structural degradation, necessitating advanced materials and real-time monitoring systems for enhanced reliability. Carbon fiber has emerged as a preferred material for turbine blades due to its strength-to-weight ratio, although its high cost remains a barrier.

Resolving and routing magnetic polymorphs in a 2D layered antiferromagnet.

Polymorphism, commonly denoting diverse molecular or crystal structures, is crucial in the natural sciences. In van der Waals antiferromagnets, a new type of magnetic polymorphism arises, presenting multiple layer-selective magnetic structures with identical total magnetization. However, resolving and manipulating such magnetic polymorphs remain challenging.

Effects of compound immobilized bacteria on remediation and bacterial community of PAHs-contaminated soil.

Immobilized microorganism technology is expected to enhance microbial activity and stability and is considered an effective technique for removing soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, there are limited high-efficiency and stable bacterial preparations available. In this study, alkali-modified biochar (Na@CBC700) was used as the adsorption carrier, sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as embedding agents, and CaCl as the cross-linking agent to prepare immobilized Acinetobacter (CoIMB) through a composite immobilization method.

Designing cobalt-nickel dual-atoms on boron, nitrogen-codoped carbon nanotubes for carbon dioxide electroreduction to syngas.

Developing highly efficient electrocatalysts to produce syngas with a stable hydrogen/carbon monoxide (H/CO) ratio in a wide potential window via electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO) reduction is desperately required but still challenging. Herein, a dual-atomic site on boron, nitrogen-codoped carbon nanotubes (BCN) has been designed, containing both cobalt (CoN) and nickel (NiNB) sites. Benefiting from the structure advantage and the bifunctional Co/Ni sites, such designed catalyst (CoNi-BCN) demonstrates remarkable performance for syngas production, achieving a stable H/CO ratio of 1.

Excitonic-Vibrational Interaction at 2D Material/Organic Molecule Interfaces Studied by Time-Resolved Sum Frequency Generation.

The hybrid heterostructures formed between two-dimensional (2D) materials and organic molecules have gained great interest for their potential applications in advanced photonic and optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells and biosensors. Characterizing the interfacial structure and dynamic properties at the molecular level is essential for realizing such applications. Here, we report a time-resolved sum-frequency generation (TR-SFG) approach to investigate the hybrid structure of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) molecules and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs).

Environmental occurrence, fate, human exposure, and human health risks of p-phenylenediamines and their quinones.

P-phenylenediamine antioxidants (PPDs) are widely used in the rubber industry and their release and transformation in the environment has become one of the current environmental research hotspots. PPDs are readily oxidized in the environment to form quinone transformation products (PPD-Qs), some of which (e.g.

Planting Enhances Soil Resistance to Microplastics: Evidence from Carbon Emissions and Dissolved Organic Matter Stability.

Microplastics (MPs) have become a global hotspot due to their widespread distribution in recent years. MPs frequently interact with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microbes, thereby influencing the carbon fate of soils. However, the role of plant presence in regulating MPs-mediated changes in the DOM and microbial structure remains unclear.

Impact of Pristine and Aged Tire Wear Particles on and Rhizospheric Microbial Communities: Insights from a Long-Term Exposure Study.

Tire wear particles (TWPs), generated from tire abrasion, contribute significantly to environmental contamination. The toxicity of TWPs to organisms has raised significant concerns, yet their effects on terrestrial plants remain unclear. Here, we investigated the long-term impact of pristine and naturally aged TWPs on water spinach () and its rhizospheric soil.

Specific and high-affinity adsorption of volatile organic compounds on titanium dioxide surface.

The interaction between metal oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the ambient atmosphere plays an important role in environmental and catalytic applications. Previous scanning probe microscopy and x-ray spectroscopy studies revealed surprisingly that the TiO2 [rutile (110)] surface selectively adsorbed atmospheric carboxylic acids, which typically exist in only parts-per-billion concentrations. In this work, we used in situ sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy to study the interaction between rutile (110) and typical VOC molecules, including formic acid, acetic acid, and formaldehyde.

Phytotoxicity of 6PPD and its uptake by Myriophyllum verticillatum: Oxidative stress and metabolic processes.

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), a widely utilized antioxidant in automobile tires and rubber goods, is frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems and poses a potential threat to aquatic organisms. However, research on the impact of 6PPD on aquatic plants is still scarce. Here, we investigated the bioaccumulation of 6PPD in Myriophyllum verticillatum (M.

Impact of microplastics on plant physiology: A meta-analysis of dose, particle size, and crop type interactions in agricultural ecosystems.

The increasing prevalence of plastic pollution has led to widespread environmental concerns, particularly with microplastics (MPs) that persist in various ecosystems. As MPs accumulate in terrestrial environments, their potential impact on plant health and agricultural productivity has become a growing area of focus. This study presents a comprehensive meta-analysis evaluating the effects of MPs on plant physiological and biochemical parameters, synthesizing data from 37 studies comprising 2886 observations.

Microplastics regulate soil microbial activities: Evidence from catalase, dehydrogenase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolase.

Soil microbiomes drive many soil processes and maintain the ecological functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Microplastics (MPs, size <5 mm) are pervasive emerging contaminants worldwide. However, how MPs affect soil microbial activity has not been well elucidated.

Earthworms Enhance Crop Resistance to Insects Under Microplastic Stress by Mobilizing Physical and Chemical Defenses.

To assess the ecological risk of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural systems, it is critical to simultaneously focus on MP-mediated single-organism response and different trophic-level organism interaction. Herein, we placed earthworms in soils contaminated with different concentrations (0.02% and 0.

Environmental concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q cause oxidative damage and alter metabolism in Eichhornia crassipes.

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N '-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) are ubiquitous in the environment and can cause toxicity to aquatic animals. However, research on the toxicological effects of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q on aquatic plants remains limited. The present study investigated the physiological, biochemical, and metabolic responses of the floating aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes (E.

Comparative toxic effect of tire wear particle-derived compounds 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone to Chlorella vulgaris.

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), a widely used antioxidant in rubber products, and its corresponding ozone photolysis product N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q), have raised public concerns due to their environmental toxicity. However, there is an existing knowledge gap on the toxicity of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q to aquatic plants. A model aquatic plant, Chlorella vulgaris (C.

Biodegradable Microplastic-Driven Change in Soil pH Affects Soybean Rhizosphere Microbial N Transformation Processes.

The potential impacts of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable microplastics (MPs) on rhizosphere microbial nitrogen (N) transformation processes remain ambiguous. Here, we systematically investigated how biodegradable (polybutylene succinate, PBS) MPs and nonbiodegradable (polyethylene, PE) MPs affect microbial N processes by determining rhizosphere soil indicators of typical max (soybean)-soil (i.e.

Burden of gout among different WHO regions, 1990-2019: estimates from the global burden of disease study.

The global incidence of gout has increased rapidly, likely secondary to the increase in the prevalence of conditions that predispose to gout, such as obesity. Depending on the population studied, the prevalence of gout ranges from less than 1 to 6.8%.

Does a "Western Lifestyle" Confer a Higher Burden of Colorectal Cancer? A Comparison of EU15+ Countries versus Global Trends between 1990 and 2019.

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the U.S. is declining in adults 50 years and older; however, recent studies suggest an increasing disease burden among adults under age 50.

Effects of deep coal mining on groundwater hydrodynamic and hydrochemical processes in a multi-aquifer system: Insights from a long-term study of mining areas in ecologically fragile western China.

The groundwater hydrodynamic and hydrochemical process of the multi-aquifer system will experience complicated and serious influence under deep coal mining disturbance. There is relatively little research that has integrated hydrodynamic and hydrochemical properties of groundwater to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and evolution patterns of hydrogeochemistry and hydrodynamic information in deep multi-aquifer systems. The study of the groundwater hydrodynamic and hydrochemical spatiotemporal coupling response of multi-aquifer systems under the deep and special thick coal seam mining-motivated effect in ecologically fragile western mining areas is of great significance for the safe mining of coal resources and ecological environment protection.

Nonlinear optical signatures of topological Dirac fermion.

Dirac fermion in topological materials exhibits intriguing nonlinear optical responses. However, their direct correlation with the linearly dispersed band remains elusive experimentally. Here, we take topological semimetal ZrSiS as a paradigm, unveiling three unique nonlinear optical signatures of Dirac fermion.