The effects of distractors on brightness perception based on a spiking network.

Visual perception can be modified by the surrounding context. Particularly, experimental observations have demonstrated that visual perception and primary visual cortical responses could be modified by properties of surrounding distractors. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

The Cytidine Deaminase APOBEC3G Contributes to Cancer Mutagenesis and Clonal Evolution in Bladder Cancer.

Unlabelled: Mutagenic processes leave distinct signatures in cancer genomes. The mutational signatures attributed to APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases are pervasive in human cancers. However, data linking individual APOBEC3 proteins to cancer mutagenesis in vivo are limited.

Loss of function mutations in are permissive for APOBEC3-induced mutagenesis in urothelial carcinoma.

Mutagenic mechanisms that shape the genomic landscape and dysfunction of DNA repair converge to promote bladder tumorigenesis. A recent study by Arnoff and El-Deiry highlights the unique interactions between loss of function mutations, which play a key role in cell cycle regulation, modulating DNA repair, and inducing cell apoptosis and senescence, and APOBEC3-induced mutagenesis, the predominant contributor of mutations in urothelial carcinoma.

Knowledge of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases in the Public of Guangzhou, Southern China.

Objective: The objective of this study is to get the overall picture about the knowledge of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases in public in Guangzhou and provide a scientific basis for developing health information strategies.

Methods: We used the structured questionnaire to interview 1,000 Guangzhou residents by health enquiry hotline. Descriptive analysis was presented to evaluate the knowledge of the participants.

Influencing Factors on Health Information to Improve Public Health Literacy in the Official WeChat Account of Guangzhou CDC.

Social media is used as a new channel for health information. In China, the official WeChat account is becoming the most popular platform for health information dissemination, which has created a good opportunity for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to facilitate health information online to improve emergency public health literacy. Data were collected from the Guangzhou CDC i-Health official WeChat account between April 1, 2018 and April 30, 2019.

Travel-related infection in Guangzhou, China,2009-2019.

Background: We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of travel-related infectious diseases in reported Guangzhou between 2009 and 2019 to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies.

Method: The infectious diseases report information system of China was mined for case reports, combined with clinical diagnosis records, and analyzed.

Results: Between 2009 and 2019, 1478 cases of imported infectious diseases were reported in Guangzhou.

Study on Evaluation Model of Emergency Rescue Capability of Chemical Accidents Based on PCA-BP.

The emergency management of chemical accidents plays an important role in preventing the expansion of chemical accidents. In recent years, the evaluation and research of emergency management of chemical accidents has attracted the attention of many scholars. However, as an important part of emergency management, the professional rescue team of chemicals has few evaluation models for their capabilities.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma has a luminal-papillary T-cell depleted contexture and activated FGFR3 signaling.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is characterized by a distinctly aggressive clinical phenotype. To define the biological features driving this phenotype, we performed an integrated analysis of whole-exome and RNA sequencing of UTUC. Here we report several key insights from our molecular dissection of this disease: 1) Most UTUCs are luminal-papillary; 2) UTUC has a T-cell depleted immune contexture; 3) High FGFR3 expression is enriched in UTUC and correlates with its T-cell depleted immune microenvironment; 4) Sporadic UTUC is characterized by a lower total mutational burden than urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Cross-Sectional Study on Acceptability of the Media Channels About Ebola Virus Disease in Guangzhou, China.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the information seeking about Ebola virus disease (EVD) and media channels, then to provide theory evidence for working out the health education transmission strategy in similar public health emergency events.

Materials And Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey model, data were collected through questionnaire over telephone calls, and R × c chi-square test was used to identify factors associated with knowledge and media channels for choosing to get the information about EVD prevention and control.

Results: Most of the respondents said they heard of EVD (84.

High mucin 5AC expression predicts adverse postoperative recurrence and survival of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), as a member of secreted/gel-forming mucin family, was frequently found to be abnormally expressed in inflammation or malignant diseases. However, the clinic pathologic features and prognostic values of MUC5AC in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have not been reported up to now.

Methods: MUC5AC expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays.

Galectin-9 as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Purpose: Galectin-9, a member of the "tandem repeat" type galectins performing as animal lectins with an affinity for β-galactosides, has been well documented to exert crucial functions in immunomodulation, survival, and growth of various tumors. This study aims to reveal the clinical significance of galectin-9 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) postoperatively.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively included 202 patients with UCB who underwent radical cystectomy at a single institute from 2002 to 2014.

Loss of -Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-4 Orchestrates Oncogenic MicroRNA-9 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Deregulated expression of -acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GALNTs), which is responsible for the initial step of mucin-type -glycosylation, could produce abnormal truncated -glycans and thereby exert pivotal functions during malignant transformation. GALNT4 is one of the few isoforms preferring to catalyze partial GalNAc-glycosylated substrates and modify the sites not utilized by other known GALNTs. This study aims to evaluate the impact of GALNT4 expression on malignant transformation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Prognostic significance of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase hinge protein expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase hinge protein (UQCRH), as a connecter between cytochrome c1 with cytochrome c in complex III of respiratory chain, is top-ranked hypermethylated gene in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). This study aims to evaluate the impact of UQCRH on recurrence and survival of 424 ccRCC patients enrolled retrospectively from a single institution after surgical resection using immunohistochemistry method. UQCRH was specifically downregulated in ccRCC, compared with papillary and chromophobe RCC.

Elevated expression of IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands predicts poor prognosis in patients with non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands (ICL), namely CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, exhibit pleiotropic roles in orchestrating immunity and angiogenesis. However, the prognosis value of them in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was still obscure. Thus, we retrospectively used immunohistochemistry approach to evaluate the impact of these ligands on recurrence and survival of non-metastatic clear cell RCC (ccRCC) patients after nephrectomy.

Decreased Expression of SETD2 Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Patients With Nonmetastatic Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

DNA sequencing revealed that mutations in SETD2 occur in 3% to 12% of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cases and are associated with poor clinical outcome. In this study, we used an immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay to evaluate the impact of SETD2 loss, with expression of H3K36me3, a nonredundantly histone modification by SETD2, on recurrence and survival of nonmetastatic ccRCC patients after nephrectomy.SETD2 and H3K36me3 were assessed in 192 nonmetastatic ccRCC patients enrolled retrospectively from a single institution.

Increased expression of interleukin-8 is an independent indicator of poor prognosis in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

On the basis of aberrant interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression, a crucial angiogenesis factor and potential therapeutic target, in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), this study aims to assess the prognostic significance of IL-8 in ccRCC. This retrospective study enrolled 271 patients who underwent nephrectomy for ccRCC in a single institution. The associations of IL-8 expression with clinical and pathological features were assessed using chi-squared tests.

Tumor Suppressive Function of p21-activated Kinase 6 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Our previous studies identified the oncogenic role of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Contrarily, PAK6 was found to predict a favorable prognosis in RCC patients. Nevertheless, the ambiguous tumor suppressive function of PAK6 in hepatocarcinogenesis remains obscure.

EZH2-mediated loss of miR-622 determines CXCR4 activation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) exerts a variety of functions at different steps of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic value of CXCR4 in the development of HCC remain undefined. Here we show that aberrant CXCR4 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and aggressive characteristics of HCC.

Prognostic significance of β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: Alterations to the N-glycans in glycoproteins have been suggested to play important roles in the proliferation, differentiation, invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to evaluate the potential prognostic value of β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (Mgat5) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after surgical resection.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 300 patients (156 in the training cohort and 144 in the validation cohort) with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy at a single institution.

p21-Activated kinase 4 predicts early recurrence and poor survival in patients with nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: p21-Activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a serine/threonine kinase implicated in the cytoskeleton organization to orchestrate cell morphology, adhesion, and motility, is associated with angiogenesis and vessel branching, which are important events in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We investigated the effect of PAK4 expression on recurrence and survival among patients with nonmetastatic ccRCC following surgery.

Methods: PAK4 expression was assessed, using immunohistochemistry, in 376 patients with nonmetastatic ccRCC after nephrectomy, where data of 187 patients were obtained from 2013 to 2014 and of 189 patients were obtained from 2008.

Prognostic value of purinergic P2X7 receptor expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection.

The family of type 2 purinergic (P2) receptors, especially P2X7, is responsible for the direct tumor-killing functions of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), but the precise role of P2X7 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. This study aims to evaluate prognostic value of P2X7 expression in HCC patients after surgical resection. Expression of P2X7 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays containing paired tumor and peritumoral liver tissues from 273 patients with HCC who had undergone hepatectomy between 2006 and 2007.

Galectin-9 predicts postoperative recurrence and survival of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

Galectin-9 (Gal-9), a member of animal lectin family with evolutionary conserved carbohydrate recognition domains, has been reported to exert a large variety of functional roles in tumorigenesis due to its β-galactoside-binding affinity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression and prognostic significance of Gal-9 in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The expression of Gal-9 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 196 patients with ccRCC who underwent nephrectomy.

p21-activated kinase 1 predicts recurrence and survival in patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Objectives: To estimate the impact of p21-activated kinase 1 expression on recurrence and survival of patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma after surgical resection.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 254 patients (187 in the training cohort and 67 in the validation cohort) with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy at a single institution. Clinicopathological features, overall survival and recurrence-free survival were recorded.