NADPH and NAC synergistically inhibits chronic ocular hypertension-induced neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation through regulating p38/MAPK pathway and peroxidation.

Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation with retinal NAD/NADP and GSH decline. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/NAD phosphate (NADP) and glutathione (GSH) are two redox reducers in neuronal and glial metabolism. However, therapeutic strategies targeting NAD/NADP or GSH do not exert ideal effects, and the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood.

Comparison Between Two Types of Viral-Induced Anterior Uveitis In Vitro and In Vivo: A Stronger Response in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Than in Murine Cytomegalovirus.

Purpose: To observe the similarities and differences between herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-induced viral anterior uveitis (VAU), both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: Primary rat trabecular meshwork cells (RTMCs) were infected by HSV-1 or MCMV to clarify the pattern of virus replication and the effect on cells. In vivo, intracameral injection of HSV-1 or MCMV was performed to establish the VAU rat models.

Overview and update on cytomegalovirus-associated anterior uveitis and glaucoma.

Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis is the most common ocular inflammatory disease caused by cytomegalovirus infection. It mainly occurs in middle-aged males with competent immunologic function, and the incidence is higher in Asia. The clinical manifestations vary from Posner-Schlossman syndrome and corneal endotheliitis to Fuchs uveitis syndrome, and are often accompanied by intraocular hypertension.

Analysis of macular microvasculature with optical coherence tomography angiography for migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the features of macular microvasculature with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) among migraine patients.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies that evaluated the macular microvasculature of migraine patients. The weighted mean differences (WMDs) of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), foveal superficial capillary plexus (SCP) vessel density (VD), parafoveal SCP VD, foveal deep capillary plexus (DCP) VD, and parafoveal DCP VD with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) among migraine with aura (MA) group, migraine without aura (MO) group, and healthy controls (HC) group were analyzed using a random-effect model.

Inhibiting multiple forms of cell death optimizes ganglion cells survival after retinal ischemia reperfusion injury.

Progressive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death that triggered by retinal ischemia reperfusion (IR), leads to irreversible visual impairment and blindness, but our knowledge of post-IR neuronal death and related mechanisms is limited. In this study, we first demonstrated that apart from necroptosis, which occurs before apoptosis, ferroptosis, which is characterized by iron deposition and lipid peroxidation, is involved in the whole course of retinal IR in mice. Correspondingly, all three types of RGCs death were found in retina samples from human glaucoma donors.

Corneal Confocal Microscopy for Assessment of Non-Neurological Autoimmune Diseases: A Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the features of corneal nerve with confocal microscopy (IVCM) among patients with non-neurological autoimmune (NNAI) diseases.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published until May 2021. The weighted mean differences (WMDs) of corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), tortuosity, reflectivity, and beadings per 100 μm with a 95% CI between NNAI and control group were analyzed using a random-effects model.