CD22 Controls Germinal Center B Cell Receptor Signaling, Which Influences Plasma Cell and Memory B Cell Output.

Germinal center reactions are established during a thymus-dependent immune response. Germinal center (GC) B cells are rapidly proliferating and undergo somatic hypermutation in Ab genes. This results in the production of high-affinity Abs and establishment of long-lived memory cells.

Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition).

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells.

Epistatic Interactions Between Mutations of Deoxyribonuclease 1-Like 3 and the Inhibitory Fc Gamma Receptor IIB Result in Very Early and Massive Autoantibodies Against Double-Stranded DNA.

Autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is well documented that anti-dsDNA reactive B lymphocytes are normally controlled by immune self-tolerance mechanisms operating at several levels. The evolution of high levels of IgG anti-dsDNA in SLE is dependent on somatic hypermutation and clonal selection, presumably in germinal centers from non-autoreactive B cells.

Effects of postoperative mediastinal radiation on completely resected stage II and stage III epidermoid cancer of the lung. LCSG 773.

Among patients with lung cancer approximately 44% have disease limited to the chest. Patients with early lesions treated surgically have better survival rates than those with more advanced primary disease or nodal involvement. Postoperative irradiation should reduce local or regional recurrence and hopefully reduce systemic relapse.

Novel antigenic markers of human tumor regression.

The development of tumor-specific antibodies was studied in a group of cancer patients undergoing active specific immunotherapy with irradiated human allogeneic and autochthonous (autologous) tumor cells injected by the intralymphatic route. Immunoblotting studies on extracts of various established tumor cell cultures and fresh tumor biopsies were performed using sera from these patients. Evaluable tumor regressions were associated with detection of antibodies against human tumor cell antigens of 22,000 daltons (22 kd), 38,000 daltons (38 kd), 43,000 daltons (43 kd), and 70,000 daltons (70 kd).

Superior sulcus tumors.

A retrospective analysis of 35 patients treated for superior sulcus tumors of the lung at UCLA was performed for the years 1960-1983. Follow-up ranged from 19 months to 21 years, with all but one patient followed at least 2 years. The 28 patients with localized disease were treated by megavoltage irradiation with or without surgical resection and had a 5-year survival (product-limit) of 21%.

Limb salvage for skeletal and soft tissue sarcomas. Multidisciplinary preoperative therapy.

One hundred eighty-three patients with malignant skeletal (83) or soft tissue sarcoma (100) were entered into the multimodality preoperative limb salvage protocol. Local recurrences were observed in 5 of 183 (2.7%).

Humoral immune response to intralymphatic immunotherapy for disseminated melanoma: correlation with clinical response.

Since September 1979, 44 stage III melanoma patients treated with intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILI) with an oncofetal antigen (OFA-I)--enriched tumor cell vaccine (TCV) had evaluable humoral immune responses and clinical follow-up. Fourteen patients (32%) had stabilization or regression of tumors or remained free of resected disease. The median survival was 17 months, compared with 6 months for controls (P less than 0.

Clinical radiofrequency hyperthermia: a review.

Localized radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia is being investigated for potential use in cancer therapy, both as a single agent and in combination with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Standard capacitive and inductive heating techniques and new technology, including magnetrode magnetic-loop induction, are being compared for safety and efficacy. Clinical trials suggest that effective localized RF hyperthermia may be administered safely to both superficial and deep visceral tumors with proper equipment.

A dose table describing fractions of peripheral volume for 125I volume implants.

A dose table that provides the dose as a function of fractions of peripheral volume for 125I implants is presented. The table is based on seed distributions from 50 actual patient implants. Computer dosimetry was used to determine peripheral doses and dose ranges within implant volumes.

Pelvic lymphadenectomy in the management of carcinoma of the prostate.

Between January 1, 1971 and December 30, 1977, 82 patients underwent bilateral pelvic lymph-adenectomy for carcinoma of the prostate, 65 with associated radical prostatectomy. Lymph node metastases were noted in 27 cases: 1 of 8 with A2, 3 of 16 with B1, 12 of 39 with B2 and 11 of 19 with C tumors. Of the 17 patients undergoing lymphadenectomy only as a staging procedure before definitive radiation therapy 12 had nodal involvement, while 15 of 64 patients with combined lymphadenectomy and prostatectomy had nodal disease.

Is amputation necessary for sarcomas? A seven-year experience with limb salvage.

The rationale for amputation for local tumor control of skeletal and soft tissue sarcomas was based on results obtained from surgical therapy alone. However, our previous results from a pilot trial of multimodality therapy of preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy followed by surgical resection indicated that limb salvage (without amputation) could be accomplished in most patients with little morbidity and low recurrence rate. This report summarizes our experience in a prospective trial from January 1972 to December 1979.

Limb salvage using preoperative intraarterial adriamycin and radiation therapy for extremity soft tissue sarcomas.

Surgical therapy has been the accepted method for management of most soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities, although it has been associated frequently with local treatment failure. Even when local control was achieved, over 50% of the patients with soft tissue sarcomas eventually developed and succumbed to distant metastases of their disease. Therefore, single modality therapy for soft tissue sarcomas by operation alone results in an unacceptably high incidence of treatment failure.

Regional intralymphatic infusion (ILI) of irradiated tumor cells with evidence of distant effects.

A case of canine lymphoma with radiographically-documented involvement of the para-aortic nodes is reported. Intralymphatic infusions (ILI) of cultured irradiated autochthonous tumor cells to remote lymph node bearing areas were associated with a dramatic initial shrinkage of the para-aortic lymphadenopathies. Three ILI timing schedules were used consecutively during a course of 10 treatments, allowing a comparison of responses in the same animal.

Upper extremity lymphangiography in the radiation therapy of lymphomas and carcinoma of the breast.

Seventeen bilateral upper extremity lymphangiograms were obtained in patients with lymphoma referred for radiation therapy. The projection of the opacified axillary nodes is analyzed when using the mantle technique in various positions. The position of the lymph nodes varies considerably in the supine and prone positions.

Limb salvage from a multidisciplinary treatment approach for skeletal and soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity.

Multimodality management of extremity skeletal and soft tissue sarcomas with preoperative intra-arterial Adriamycin and radiation therapy, radical surgical resection and postoperative chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy has resulted in preservation of a functional extremity in 13 or 14 patients. Seven of 8 patients with Stage IIIA and IIIB soft tissue sarcomas, managed with preoperative intra-arterial Adriamycin and radiation therapy, followed by en bloc soft tissue resection and 6 patients with bone sarcomas managed by preoperative treatment, followed by bone resection and replacement with cadaver bone allografts, remained free of disease from 4 to 34 months. The results of the combined modality approach were significantly better than the results obtained in patients managed by surgical resection alone, or by combination of operation with another single modality, both in terms of short term-recurrence free survival and salvage of a functional extremity.