Identifying novice drivers in need of hazard perception ability improvement for takeover performance in Level 3 automated driving.

Takeover performance is a crucial constraint on deploying Level 3 automated driving. Not all drivers can adopt appropriate strategies to take over vehicle control during safety-critical situations. The hazard perception abilities of novice drivers may cause individual differences in urgent takeover performance.

A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Brain Activation to Explain the Take-Over Failure in Conditionally Automated Driving.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the causes of take-over failures in conditional automated driving with spatial-temporal analysis of brain zone activation.

Background: Take-over requires a human driver to resume the control of the vehicle when its automation system disengages. Existing studies have found that take-over failures occur frequently on some drivers, but the causes have not been thoroughly studied.