Corrigendum: Immunological characteristics of a recombinant alphaherpesvirus with an envelope-embedded protein of circovirus.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.

Coronavirus M protein promotes mitophagy over virophagy by recruiting PDPK1 to phosphorylate SQSTM1 at T138.

Autophagy plays a dual role in coronavirus infection, facilitating the elimination of either proviral components (virophagy) or antiviral factors such as mitochondria (mitophagy), leading to complex mechanisms of immune evasion. Understanding the mechanisms that govern the switch between the autophagic degradation of deleterious or beneficial substrates in coronavirus infection is crucial for developing precise drug targets to treat virus-induced diseases. However, this switch remains largely unknown.

Immunological characteristics of a recombinant alphaherpesvirus with an envelope-embedded protein of circovirus.

Introduction: Variant pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a newly emerged zoonotic pathogen that can cause human blindness. PRV can take advantage of its large genome and multiple non-essential genes to construct recombinant attenuated vaccines carrying foreign genes. However, a major problem is that the foreign genes in recombinant PRV are only integrated into the genome for independent expression, rather than assembled on the surface of virion.

Development of a highly sensitive TaqMan method based on multi-probe strategy: its application in ASFV detection.

The establishment of high sensitive detection method for various pathogenic microorganisms remains constantly concerned. In the present study, multi-probe strategy was first systematically investigated followed by establishing a highly sensitive TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for detecting African swine fever virus (ASFV). Briefly, four probes based on the gene of ASFV were designed and the effects of different combinations of the probes in a single TaqMan qPCR assay on the detection sensitivity were investigated.

Risk assessment of pesticide compounds: IPT and TCZ cause hepatotoxicity, activate stress pathway and affect the composition of intestinal flora in red swamp crayfish (Procambarusclarkii).

Isoprothiolane (IPT) and tricyclazole (TCZ) are widely used in rice farming and recently in combined rice-fish farming. However, co-cultured animals are affected by these pesticides. To investigate the organismal effects and toxicity of pesticides, crayfish were exposed to 0, 1, 10, or 100 ppt TCZ or IPT for 7 days.

The first identification and functional analysis of two drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein genes (SpSmad1 and SpSmad2/3) and their involvement in the innate immune response in Scylla paramamosain.

Smad，a member of the TGF-β superfamily，controls cell proliferation，growth and guiding cell differentiation, thus playing a crucial role in diseases. However, the presence as well as specific function of Smad in crabs is still unknown. In this study, two Smads (Smad1 and Smad2/3) were identified for the first time from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain.

Toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of estuarian crustaceans (Scylla paramamosain) exposed to five commonly used benzophenones.

Benzophenones (BPs) are commonly used in personal care products like sunscreens and are increasingly being released into the environment, raising concerns about their potential ecotoxic effects. BPs as emerging environmental contaminants, little is known about their toxic effects on estuarine organisms. This study firstly investigated the toxic effects of five commonly used BPs on mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain).

African swine fever virus protein p17 promotes mitophagy by facilitating the interaction of SQSTM1 with TOMM70.

Viruses have developed different strategies to hijack mitophagy to facilitate their replication. However, whether and how African swine fever virus (ASFV) regulates mitophagy are largely unknown. Here, we found that the ASFV-encoded p17 induced mitophagy.

Identification and functional analysis of endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 (ERO1) from the green mud crab Scylla paramamosain: The first evidence of ERO1 involved in invertebrate immune response.

Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 (ERO1) is an important mediator in regulating disulfide bond formation and maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Its activity is transcriptionally regulated by the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is known to be essential in immunity. However, whether ERO1 is involved in innate immunity in invertebrates remains unclear.

TRIM21 restricts influenza A virus replication by ubiquitination-dependent degradation of M1.

Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays a critical role in the host antiviral response. However, the mechanism and antiviral spectrum of TRIM21 in influenza A virus (IAV) remain unclear. Here, we report that TRIM21 inhibits the replication of various IAV subtypes by targeting matrix protein 1 (M1) from H3/H5/H9, but not H1 and H7 M1.

Mutations at site 207 of influenza a virus NS1 protein switch its function in regulating RIG-I-like receptors mediated antiviral responses.

RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), are pattern recognition receptors through which cells initially sense pathogenic RNA and trigger interferon (IFN) signaling. Herein, we report that interferon induced protein 35 (IFI35) activates the ring finger protein 125 (RNF125)-UbcH5c-dependent degradation of RLRs and represses the recognition by RIG-I and MDA5 of viral RNA to inhibit innate immunity. Furthermore, IFI35 binds selectively to different subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) with asparagine residue (N).

Effects of low salinity stress on osmoregulation and gill transcriptome in different populations of mud crab Scylla paramamosain.

Animals living in estuaries suffer from rapid and continuous salinity fluctuations, while the global warming and extreme precipitation aggravate this situation. Osmoregulation is important for estuarine animals adapt to salinity fluctuations. The present study investigated the effects of low salinity stress on osmoregulation and gill transcriptome in two populations of mud crab from Hangzhou Bay and Zhangzhou Bay of China, respectively.

Characterization of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) from the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii and its role in antiviral and antimicrobial immune responses.

FGFRs involved multiple physiological processes, such as endocrine homeostasis, wound repair, and cellular behaviors including proliferation, differentiation and survival. In the present study, the homologs of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) were identified and characterized from the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii for the first time. The full-length cDNAs of pcFGFR4 were 2878 bp with 2451 bp open reading frame (ORF), respectively.

Identification and functional analysis of two drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein(Smad)genes and their involvement in immune responses in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic proteins (Smads), the crucial signal transducers in activating downstream gene transcription through transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptors, are the pleiotropic factors with important role in mediating cell proliferation, homeostasis, differentiation, apoptosis and immune response. However, whether Smads are involved in immune response in crustaceans remains unexplored. In the present study, the Smad3 and Smad4 were firstly identified and functionally characterized from the Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Hijacks Host IPO5 to Sustain the Intracytoplasmic Stability of Its Capsid Protein.

Nuclear entrance and stability of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the smallest virus in mammals, are crucial for its infection and replication. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we found that the PCV2 virion maintains self-stability via the host importin 5 (IPO5) during infection.

The first identification of three AdIRAK2 genes from an evolutionarily important amphibian Andrias davidianus and their involvement in NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses.

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinases (IRAK) is the most important downstream kinases of TLRs/IL-1R signaling pathway for signal transduction and activation of inflammatory response against pathogen infections. However, the molecular identification and function characterization of IRAK2 homologs in lower vertebrate remains obscure. In this study, three IRAK2 genes (AdIRAK2a, AdIRAKb and AdIRAK2c) and their respective transcripts were identified from the Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus.

Bioaccumulation of Cd and comparative transcriptome analysis after the antagonism of Se in the hepatopancreas of estuary mud crab (Scylla paramamosain).

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal contaminant and can be toxic to environment. What's more, Selenium (Se) protects organism as heavy metal antagonist. The present study aimed to investigate whether inorganic (NaSeO) or organic (L-SeMc) Se have an effect on the Cd bioaccumulation, antioxidant and immunity of the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) under Cd exposure.

Identification and functional analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) from Scylla paramamosain: The first evidence of two EGFR genes in animal and their involvement in immune defense against pathogen infection.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a pleiotropic glycoprotein which plays a role in regulating cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. However, the genetic diversity of EGFR in crustaceans as well as its function, such as whether it is involved in immune regulation, remains obscure. In this study, two EGFR genes, including EGFR1 and EGFR2, and three transcripts were identified and characterized in Scylla Paramamosain for the first time.

Cdc42 Promotes Axonogenesis of Primary Hippocampal Neurons by Inhibiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β.

Background: Progressive axon degeneration is a common pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases. Cdc42 is a member of the Rho GTPase family that participates in axonogenesis. GSK-3β is a serine/threonine kinase highly implicated in neuronal development and neurodegeneration.

Identification and function analysis of two fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) from Scylla paramamosain: The evidence of FGFR involved in innate immunity in crustacean.

The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) belongs to the tyrosine kinase family consisting of four members (FGFR1-4). This study involved identification and characterization of FGFR1 and FGFR3 from mud crab Scylla paramamosain for the first time. The obtained cDNAs of SpFGFR1 and SpFGFR3 were 2,380 bp and 2,982 bp in length with a 1,503 bp and 2,310 bp open reading frame, respectively.

The Inactivated / GeneDeleted Vaccine Against Pseudorabies Virus Type II Confers Effective Protection in Mice and Pigs.

The highly virulent and antigenic variant of Pseudorabies virus (PRV) that emerged from classical Bartha-K61-vaccinated pig herds has caused substantial economic losses to the swine industry in China since 2011. A safe and more effective vaccine is most desirable. In this study, a gE/TK gene-deficient PRV, namely, HD/c, was constructed based on a PRV type II DX strain isolated from a commercial vaccine-immunized farm and the HD/c-based inactivated vaccine was formulated and evaluated for its safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in mice and piglets.

Genetic characterization and evolution of H6N6 subtype avian influenza viruses.

H6-subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) was prevalent in the world and could sporadically infect humans. Here, a new chicken-derived H6N6-subtype AIV strain A/chicken/Zhejiang/49/2021 (ZJ49) was isolated in Zhejiang Province, China in 2021. Phylogenetic analysis by Maximum likelihood methods showed that H6-subtype AIVs were classed into 13 groups according to HA gene.

The health risk for consumers under heavy metal scenarios: Reduce bioaccumulation of Cd in estuary mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) through the antagonism of Se.

Heavy metal pollution has gained increasing attention over past years, and notably, cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that can be toxic to human and wildlife. Furthermore, selenium (Se) is a component of the selenoproteins and influences the toxicity of Cd in different organisms, and protect organisms as a kind of heavy metal antagonist. This study exposed mud crab to 5.

Effects of air exposure stress on crustaceans: Histopathological changes, antioxidant and immunity of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

Air exposure stress may result in oxidative damage and ultimately disease or death in crustaceans. Using the Procambarus clarkia, one of the main commercial aquaculture species in China, as a study model, the molecular mechanism including histopathological changes, antioxidant capacity and immunity response under the air exposure stress were firstly evaluated. Results showed that the surfaces of gill were wrinkled while the morphologies of the nuclei and mitochondria in the hepatopancreas were altered after 48 h of air exposure stress, and the damage of mitochondria was more serious after additional bacterial infection.

The effects of salinities stress on histopathological changes, serum biochemical index, non-specific immune and transcriptome analysis in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

This study aimed to investigate whether different salinity stresses (0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 ppt NaCl) affect the histoarchitecture, serum biochemical indices, antioxidant responses, and transcriptome analysis of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that the degree of damage to the nuclei and mitochondria in the hepatopancreas increased with increasing salinity. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the degree of gill wrinkles was enhanced under salinity stress.