ATF4-SLC7A11-GSH axis mediates the acquisition of immunosuppressive properties by activated CD4 T cells in low arginine condition.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is restricted in metabolic nutrients including the semi-essential amino acid arginine. While complete arginine deprivation causes T cell dysfunction, it remains unclear how arginine levels fluctuate in the TME to shape T cell fates. Here, we find that the 20-μM low arginine condition, representing the levels found in the plasma of patients with cancers, confers Treg-like immunosuppressive capacities upon activated T cells.

On Hierarchical Multi-UAV Dubins Traveling Salesman Problem Paths in a Complex Obstacle Environment.

This article aims to solve a hierarchical multi-UAV Dubins traveling salesman problem (HMDTSP). Optimal hierarchical coverage and multi-UAV collaboration are achieved by the proposed approaches in a 3-D complex obstacle environment. A multi-UAV multilayer projection clustering (MMPC) algorithm is presented to reduce the cumulative distance from multilayer targets to corresponding cluster centers.

Trajectory Consensus for Coordination of Multiple Curvature-Bounded Vehicles.

This article addresses the trajectory consensus problem of coordinating the trajectories of vehicles at multiple future time points. The objective is the consensus of the geometry of the vehicles' planned trajectories. The geometric feature of trajectories is parameterized by a set of trajectory states defined as required lengths along the trajectory to reduce the distance to its ending point to specific values.

Single-Beat Measurement of Left Ventricular Contractility in Normothermic Ex Situ Perfused Porcine Hearts.

Objective: For heart transplantation, donor heart status needs to be evaluated during normothermic ex situ perfusion (ESHP). Left ventricular end-systolic elastance (E ) measures the left ventricular contractile function, but its estimation requires the occlusion of the left atrium line in the ESHP, which may cause unnecessary damage to the donor heart. We present a novel method to quantify E based on hemodynamic parameters obtained from only one steady-state PV loop in ESHP.

Primed Left Ventricle Heart Perfusion Creates Physiological Aortic Pressure in Porcine Hearts.

This article presents a primed left ventricle heart perfusion method to generate physiologic aortic pressure (AoP) and perform functional assessment. Isolated hearts of male Yorkshire pigs were used to study the hemodynamic behaviors of AoPs generated in the primed left ventricle heart perfusion (n = 6) and conventional (zero-loaded left ventricle) Langendorff perfusion (n = 6). The measurement results show that left ventricular pressure generated in the primed left ventricle heart perfusion is a determinant of physiologic AoP (i.