Multi-omics combined with MALDI mass spectroscopy imaging reveals the mechanisms of biosynthesis of characteristic compounds in Diels et Gilg.

Diels et Gilg is recognized as a source of extracts with various desirable bioactivities. However, current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of biosynthesis of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and other bioactive chemicals is limited. We conducted comprehensive tissue distribution studies and biosynthetic analyses of the 26 main bioactive compounds of this plant.

Integrative Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Developmental Mechanisms and Metabolite Biosynthesis of the Tuberous Roots of .

The tuberous root of Diels et Gilg () is a traditional Chinese medicine with a wide range of clinical applications. However, the scarcity of its wild resources, its low yield, and the variable quality that results from its artificial cultivation leads to expensive market prices that are not conducive to the further industrial development of . In this study, transcriptomic and non-targeted metabolomic analyses were integrated to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and metabolite biosynthesis that occur during its root development.

Quantitative evidence from VOCs source apportionment reveals O control strategies in northern and southern China.

Ground-level ozone (O) pollution has received widespread attention because its rising trend and adverse ecological impacts. However, the extremely strong photochemical reactions of its precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) increase the difficulty of reducing VOCs emissions to alleviate O. Here, we carried out a one-year comprehensive observation in two representative cities, Tianjin (TJ, Northern China) and Guangzhou (GZ, Southern China).

A tissue-specific profile of miRNAs and their targets related to paeoniaflorin and monoterpenoids biosynthesis in Paeonia lactiflora Pall. by transcriptome, small RNAs and degradome sequencing.

Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeonia) has aroused many concerns due to its extensive medicinal value, in which monoterpene glucoside paeoniflorin and its derivatives are the active chemical components. However, little is known in the molecular mechanism of monoterpenoids biosynthesis, and the regulation network between small RNAs and mRNAs in monoterpenoids biosynthesis has not been investigated yet.

Machine learning and theoretical analysis release the non-linear relationship among ozone, secondary organic aerosol and volatile organic compounds.

Fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O) pollutions are prevalent air quality issues in China. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have significant impact on the formation of O and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) contributing PM. Herein, we investigated 54 VOCs, O and SOA in Tianjin from June 2017 to May 2019 to explore the non-linear relationship among O, SOA and VOCs.

[PM Source Apportionment Based on a Variety of New Receptor Models].

In order to understand the applicability of various new receptor models, four receptor models, including the positive matrix factorization/multilinear engine 2-species ratio (PMF/ME2-SR), partial target transformation-positive matrix factorization (PTT-PMF), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and chemical mass balance (CMB), were used to analyze and verify the atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) data of a typical city in northern China. It was found that coal combustion (25%-26%), dust (19%-21%), secondary nitrate (17%-19%), secondary sulfate (16%), vehicle emissions (13%-15%), biomass burning (4%-7%), and steel (1%-2%) had a contribution to PM. By comparing the source profiles and source contributions obtained by different models and calculating the coefficient of differences (CD) and average absolute error (AAE) of each source, we found that although the source apportionment results of the four models were in good agreement (the average CD value was between 0.

Uncovering the Pharmacology of Xiaochaihu Decoction in the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis Based on the Network Pharmacology.

Background: Xiaochaihu decoction (XD) has demonstrated the pharmacodynamics on acute pancreatitis. This study was aimed at investigating the material and molecular basis of Xiaochaihu decoction.

Methods: Firstly, compounds of seven herbs containing XD were collected from the TCMSP, ETCM, and BATMAN-TCM databases, and the putative targets of pancreatitis were obtained from the OMIM, TTD, and GeneCards databases.

Review of online source apportionment research based on observation for ambient particulate matter.

Particulate matter source apportionment (SA) is the basis and premise for preventing and controlling haze pollution scientifically and effectively. Traditional offline SA methods lack the capability of handling the rapid changing pollution sources during heavy air pollution periods. With the development of multiple online observation techniques, online SA of particulate matter can now be realized with high temporal resolution, stable and reliable continuous observation data on particle compositions.

Rapid and Simultaneous Measurement of Praeruptorin A, Praeruptorin B, Praeruptorin E, and Moisture Contents in Peucedani Radix Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.

Background: Peucedani Radix is a popular traditional Chinese medicine herb with a long history in China. Praeruptorin A (PA), praeruptorin B (PB), and praeruptorin E (PE) are usually taken as important quality indexes of Peucedani Radix.

Objective: To establish a rapid method for simultaneous determination of PA, PB, PE, and moisture contents in Peucedani Radix using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics.

Protective effects and potential underlying mechanisms of sodium copper chlorophyllin against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice.

In study, we aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying the gastroprotective effects of sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer injury in mice. First, the gastroprotective effects of SCC against gastric ulcer induced by ethanol were assessed. Then, biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemistry assays, and western blot analysis were conducted to determine the possible mechanisms of action underlying the effects of SCC.

Blood and urinary metabolomic evidence validating traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic classification of major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Further classification may characterize its heterogeneity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether metabolomic variables could differentiate traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnostic subtypes of MDD.

A metabolomic perspective of pazopanib-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice.

To elucidate the metabolism of pazopanib, a metabolomics approach was performed based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry. A total of 22 pazopanib metabolites were identified in vitro and in vivo. Among these metabolites, 17 were novel, including several cysteine adducts and aldehyde derivatives.

Luteolin-4'-O-glucoside and its aglycone, two major flavones of Gnaphalium affine D. Don, resist hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis activity in animal models.

Background: Gnaphalium affine D. Don is a folk medicine of China believed to be efficacious in the treatment of many ailments, including hyperuricemia and gout.

Purpose: Based on a previous study, we isolated two flavones, luteolin and luteolin-4'-O-glucoside, from G.

Effects of Gnaphalium affine D. Don on hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The Gnaphalium affine D. Don is used in China as a folk medicine to treat gout, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and expectorant activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the extract of G.

Screening of Potential Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors in Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC. by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography and Ultrafiltration-Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

In this study, a new method based on immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) combined with ultrafiltration-ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-UPLC-MS) was developed for discovering ligands for xanthine oxidase (XO) in Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC., a folk medicine used in China for the treatment of gout. By IMAC, the high flavonoid content of G.

Multi-Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Atratylodes macrocephala Polysaccharides and Antioxidants Using Response Surface Methodology and Desirability Function Approach.

Rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides (RAMP) have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. In this study, an ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) was employed to obtain the highest extraction yield and strongest antioxidant activity of RAMP and optimized by a multi-response optimization process. A three-level four-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) was performed as response surface methodology (RSM) with desirability function (DF) to attain the optimal extraction parameters.

[Changed accumulation of active ingredient in different localities and growth period of Hemsleya zhejiangensis (Cucurbitaceae)].

In this paper, the content of moisture, ethanol-soluble extractives, total saponins and polysaccharide of different tuber samples of Hemsleya zhejiangensis, from different localities, years and seasons, were detected based upon Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 version. The samples of roots, stems and leaves in summer were detected as well. The results are mainly as follows.

[Study on treatment of iron-deficiency anemia by shengxuening].

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of shengxuening (SXN) in treating iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and to explore its molecular mechanism on iron metabolism balance regulation.

Methods: Patients with IDA were randomly divided into the treated group and the control group, 50 in each group. They were treated with SXN (0.