Erythropoietin regulates energy metabolism through EPO-EpoR-RUNX1 axis.

Erythropoietin (EPO) plays a key role in energy metabolism, with EPO receptor (EpoR) expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) mediating its metabolic activity. Here, we show that male mice lacking EpoR in adipose tissue exhibit increased fat mass and susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. Our findings indicate that EpoR is present in WAT, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle.

Precise Modulation of the Coordination Environment of Single Cu Site Catalysts to Regulate the Peroxymonosulfate Activation Pathway for Water Remediation.

Single atom site catalysts (SACs) with atomically dispersed active sites can be expected to be potential ideal catalysts for accurately modulating the persulfate activation pathway during the water remediation process because of their well-defined structure and the maximum metallic atom utilization. In this paper, a series of Cu SACs with different coordination environments were synthesized to elaborately regulate the peroxymonosulfate activation pathway in AOPs to clarify active species generation and transformation in water remediation. The degradation rate constants () of Cu-N, Cu-N, and Cu-N were 0.

Remediation of lead and cadmium co-contaminated mining soil by phosphate-functionalized biochar: Performance, mechanism, and microbial response.

The remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils is of great significance for reducing their risk to human health. Here, pristine pinewood sawdust biochar (BC) and phosphate-functionalized biochar (PBC) were conducted to investigate their immobilization performance towards lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in arable soils severely polluted by Pb (9240.5 mg kg) and Cd (10.

Conditional remediation performance of wheat straw biochar on three typical Cd-contaminated soils.

Undoubtedly biochar has excellent remediation performance for Cd-contaminated soil. Nevertheless, the remediation performance may be not invariable considering highly variable soil conditions including soil properties and environmental conditions. This work investigated the fate of Cd in three typical Cd-contaminated soils (acidic, neutral and saline-alkali soils) treated with wheat straw biochar and its driving mechanisms under specific soil conditions through aging and remediation experiment, Cd availability experiment and leaching column experiment.

Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock affected Cr(VI) removal capacity of sulfidated zerovalent iron: Importance of surface area and electrical conductivity.

Herein, feedstock (pinewood, rice straw, and dairy manure) and pyrolysis temperature (300, 500, and 700 °C) were selected as the influencing factors of properties of biochar (BC) to identify the contribution of biochar's matrix on Cr(VI) removal by BC-supported sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI/BC). Results showed that higher temperature was more conducible to improve the electrochemical properties and specific surface areas of composites. Raman spectra of S-ZVI supported by pinewood-derived BC (S-ZVI/PBC) showed the I/I ratio increased from 0.

Does biochar application in heavy metal-contaminated soils affect soil micronutrient dynamics?

Biochar has been practically used as a soil conditioner in degraded or contaminated soils. Whether biochar would simultaneously affect soil micronutrient bioavailability in heavy metal-contaminated soils warrants research. A 90-d incubation of rice straw biochar with either Pb- or Cd-contaminated soils was conducted to investigate the biochar effect on Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn bioavailability.

Carbon matrix of biochar from biomass modeling components facilitates electron transfer from zero-valent iron to Cr(VI).

Biochar-harbored zero-valent iron (ZVI/BC) has been extensively used to detoxify hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). However, the role played by biochar in promoting electron transfer of ZVI and Cr(VI) reduction was not fully uncovered. Herein, three biomass modeling components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and their blends were utilized to synthesize ZVI/BC via co-pyrolysis with hematite.

Neuronal accumulation of peroxidated lipids promotes demyelination and neurodegeneration through the activation of the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome.

Peroxidated lipids accumulate in the presence of reactive oxygen species and are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Here we find that neuronal ablation of ARF1, a small GTPase important for lipid homeostasis, promoted accumulation of peroxidated lipids, lipid droplets and ATP in the mouse brain and led to neuroinflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration, mainly in the spinal cord and hindbrain. Ablation of ARF1 in cultured primary neurons led to an increase in peroxidated lipids in co-cultured microglia, activation of the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome and release of inflammatory cytokines in an Apolipoprotein E-dependent manner.

The significant role of electron donating capacity and carbon structure of biochar to electron transfer of zerovalent iron.

Herein, the major biochar properties were correlated with electron transfer of zerovalent iron (ZVI) and contribution of biomass constituents to biochar property was ascertained to optimize electron transfer of ZVI. To this end, five respective stalk-type and wood-type lignocellulosic biomasses were pyrolzed at 600 °C to prepare biochars to harbor ZVI (ZVI/BC). Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated woody biomasses decomposed more intensively at higher temperature relative to stalky biomass.

Mechanism analysis of MnFeO/FeS for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous phase.

By using NaS as a sulfur source, sulfur-doped MnFeO was prepared using one-step solvent thermal method and utilized to remove hexavalent chromium. The materials were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution TEM, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, zeta potential test, vibrating sample magnetometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. When the pH was 3, the adsorption capacity of MnFeO/FeS to Cr(VI) was 43.

The contribution of lignocellulosic constituents to Cr(VI) reduction capacity of biochar-supported zerovalent iron.

Biochars (BCs) derived from individual and blending lignocellulosic constituents were prepared to harbor zerovalent iron (ZVI/BC) in an effort to discriminate significance of each constituent or combination in ZVI/BC for Cr(VI) removal. BCs and ZVI/BC were characterized by TGA/GSC, XRD, Raman and BET analyses. Cellulose (BC) and hemicellulose (BC)-derived BCs has greater C content, H/C ratio, surface area and mass loss than BCs derived from lignin or lignin-containing biopolymer blends (BC).

Preparation of highly-conductive pyrogenic carbon-supported zero-valent iron for enhanced Cr(Ⅵ) reduction.

In this work, electron transfer (ET) moiety of PC was ascertained in chromate (Cr(Ⅵ)) reduction by zero-valent iron supported by pyrogenic carbon (PC) (ZVI/PC) prepared by pyrolysis of hematite (α-FeO)-treated pinewood. X-ray diffraction analysis suggested successive phase transformation of α-FeO→magnetite (FeO)→wustite (FeO)→ZVI (Fe). Raman spectra and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis revealed that ZVI/PC is characterized with more ordered graphitic carbon and greater surface area than pristine PC.

Arf1-mediated lipid metabolism sustains cancer cells and its ablation induces anti-tumor immune responses in mice.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be responsible for treatment resistance, tumor metastasis, and disease recurrence. Here we demonstrate that the Arf1-mediated lipid metabolism sustains cells enriched with CSCs and its ablation induces anti-tumor immune responses in mice. Notably, Arf1 ablation in cancer cells induces mitochondrial defects, endoplasmic-reticulum stress, and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which recruit and activate dendritic cells (DCs) at tumor sites.

Photocatalytic behavior of biochar-modified carbon nitride with enriched visible-light reactivity.

Ultra-thin layered structures and modified bandgaps are two efficient strategies to increase the photocatalytic performance of various materials for the semiconductor industry. In the present study, we combined both strategies in one material to form carbon-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) nano-layered structures by the method of melamine thermal condensation, in the presence of different mass ratios of biochar. The characterization showed that the composite with the best ratio retained the g-CN polymeric framework and the bond with g-CN.

Biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI/BC) for contaminant removal from soil and water: A critical review.

The promising characteristics of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) have not been fully exploited owing to intrinsic limitations. Carbon-enriched biochar (BC) has been widely used to overcome the limitations of nZVI and improve its reaction with environmental pollutants. This work reviews the preparation of nZVI/BC nanocomposites; the effects of BC as a supporting matrix on the nZVI crystallite size, dispersion, and oxidation and electron transfer capacity; and its interaction mechanisms with contaminants.

Biomass facilitated phase transformation of natural hematite at high temperatures and sorption of Cd and Cu.

Phase changes of natural hematite are often practiced to improve heavy metal removal and magnetism for easy recycling. In this work, pinewood biomass (PB) and natural hematite (H) admixtures were pyrolyzed at 300, 450 and 600 °C under N environment to prepare HBC nanocomposites (HBC300, HBC450 and HBC600). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the reductive transformation of hematite (crystallite size ≈ 47 nm) into magnetite (25 nm) and further to wustite (25 nm) and zerovalent iron (48 nm).

Protein kinase C and protein kinase A are involved in the protection of recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1 on glomeruli and tubules in diabetic rats.

Aims/introduction: Blockade or reversal the progression of diabetic nephropathy is a clinical challenge. The aim of the present study was to examine whether recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1 (rhGLP-1) has an effect on alleviating urinary protein and urinary albumin levels in diabetic rats.

Materials And Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats were treated with rhGLP-1 insulin and saline.

Adsorption and reduction of hexavalent chromium on magnetic greigite (FeS)-CTAB: leading role of Fe(ii) and S(-ii).

In this study, a facile one-step route was used to synthesize a novel magnetic mesoporous greigite (FeS)-CTAB composite, which was utilized to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)). The optimized FeS-CTAB composite with a CTAB dosage of 0.75 g possessed the maximum specific surface, showing the highest Cr(vi) adsorption capacity of 330.

Preparation and application synthesis of magnetic nanocomposite using waste toner for the removal of Cr(vi).

In this study, a novel magnetic nanocomposite was prepared using waste toner (WT) through high temperature decomposition, and calcination was conducted in different atmospheres (air, ammonia, and vacuum). WT calcined in ammonia (WT(NH)), and it was then utilized as an efficient absorbent for the reduction of Cr(vi) in aqueous solutions; a batch experiment with different conditions was performed to investigate its Cr(vi) removal ability. The effects of two pH-regulating acid (HCl and HSO) treatments were also studied.

Carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized ZnO/biochar nanocomposites: Enhanced adsorption and inhibited photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.

Biochar(BC)-supported nanoscaled zinc oxide (nZO) was encapsulated either with (nZORc/BC) or with no (nZOR/BC) sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The X-ray diffraction and ultraviolet (UV)-visible-near infrared spectrophotometry revealed that nZO of 16, 10, and 20 nm with energy band gaps of 2.79, 3.

Recombinant human GLP-1(rhGLP-1) alleviating renal tubulointestitial injury in diabetic STZ-induced rats.

GLP-1-based treatment improves glycemia through stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion. Recently, more and more findings showed that GLP-1 could also protect kidney from diabetic nephropathy. Most of these studies focused on glomeruli, but the effect of GLP-1 on tubulointerstitial and tubule is not clear yet.

Endothelial progenitor cells from human fetal aorta cure diabetic foot in a rat model.

Objective: Recent evidence has suggested that circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can repair the arterial endothelium during vascular injury. However, a reliable source of human EPCs is needed for therapeutic applications. In this study, we isolated human fetal aorta (HFA)-derived EPCs and analyzed the capacity of EPCs to differentiate into endothelial cells.

[Nitrogen and phosphorus input from wet deposition in Taihu Lake region: a case study in Changshu Agro-ecological Experimental Station].

From June 2003 to May 2004, the precipitation at Changshu Agro-ecological Station (31 degrees 32'45" N, 120 degrees 41'57" E) of Chinese Academy of Sciences was collected to monitor its particle- and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, with the seasonal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus in wet deposition in Taihu Lake region investigated. The nitrogen input from wet deposition had an obvious seasonal variation, being higher in summer and spring and lower in autumn and winter. The ratios of dissolved nitrogen (DN) and particle nitrogen (PN) to total nitrogen (TN) in wet deposition were 88.