Silymarin Protects against Acute Liver Injury Induced by Acetaminophen by Downregulating the Expression and Activity of the CYP2E1 Enzyme.

Previous studies have shown that silymarin protects against various types of drug-induced liver injury, but whether the protective mechanism of silymarin against acetaminophen-induced liver injury is related to the CYP2E1 enzyme remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of silymarin on the activity and expression of CYP2E1 in vitro and in vivo. The results of in vitro studies showed that silymarin not only inhibited the activity of CYP2E1 in human and rat liver microsomes but also reduced the expression of CYP2E1 in HepG2 cells.

Targeted inhibition of FcRn reduces NET formation to ameliorate experimental ulcerative colitis by accelerating ANCA clearance.

Dysregulated immune responses have now been recognized as an essential stimulator of ulcerative colitis (UC). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) were reported as the potential factor in sustaining mucosal inflammation in UC. NET formation further induces antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA) that serve as a biomarker in determining the severity of UC, which have a long half-life due to neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated recycling.