DEPDC5 haploinsufficiency drives increased mTORC1 signaling and abnormal morphology in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons.

Mutations in the DEPDC5 gene can cause epilepsy, including forms with and without brain malformations. The goal of this study was to investigate the contribution of DEPDC5 gene dosage to the underlying neuropathology of DEPDC5-related epilepsies. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from epilepsy patients harboring heterozygous loss of function mutations in DEPDC5.

Effects of graded doses of propofol for anesthesia induction on cardiovascular parameters and intraocular pressures in normal dogs.

Objective: To determine the effects of graded doses of propofol on cardiovascular parameters and intraocular pressures (IOP) in normal dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, modified Latin square, cross-over experimental study.

Animals: Eleven adult random-source dogs weighing 20.

Desired assistance versus care received for postpartum depression: access to care differences by race.

One in seven women who have a baby will experience postpartum depression. Although there are many treatments for postpartum depression, many women do not receive assistance. When left untreated, this condition can have a deleterious affect on the woman's health/mental health, the child's cognitive, psychological, emotional and social development, the marital relationship and ability to contribute to society.

OLGA staging for gastritis: a tutorial.

Atrophic gastritis (resulting mainly from long-standing Helicobacter pylori infection) is a major risk factor for (intestinal-type) gastric cancer development and the extent/topography of the atrophic changes significantly correlates with the degree of cancer risk. The current format for histology reporting in cases of gastritis fails to establish an immediate link between gastritis phenotype and risk of malignancy. The histology report consequently does not give clinical practitioners and gastroenterologists an explicit message of use in orienting an individual patient's clinical management.

Clinical trial: comparison of the gastrointestinal safety of lumiracoxib with traditional nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs early after the initiation of treatment--findings from the Therapeutic Arthritis Research and Gastrointestinal Event Trial.

Background: The large (n = 18 325) Therapeutic Arthritis Research and Gastrointestinal Event Trial (TARGET) study demonstrated a significant gastrointestinal benefit with lumiracoxib 400 mg o.d. (4x the recommended dose in osteoarthritis) vs.

Identification of ocular matrix metalloproteinases present within the aqueous humor and iridocorneal drainage angle tissue of normal and glaucomatous canine eyes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the most active matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) within the aqueous humor and iridocorneal angle tissue involved in the normal canine eye, and to compare these results to the MMP activity in dogs with glaucoma.

Animal Studied: Aqueous humor samples from 32 normal eyes and 26 glaucomatous eyes were obtained through aqueous centesis and analyzed for MMP activity. Iridocorneal angle tissue from 16 enucleated normal canine eyes and 5 enucleated glaucomatous eyes were dissected and homogenized into solution.

Effect of risk factors on complicated and uncomplicated ulcers in the TARGET lumiracoxib outcomes study.

Background & Aims: Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors were developed to reduce the gastrointestinal risk associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The Therapeutic Arthritis Research and Gastrointestinal Event Trial was the largest study to evaluate primarily the gastrointestinal safety outcomes of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Data from the Therapeutic Arthritis Research and Gastrointestinal Event Trial were used to identify risk factors and investigate the safety of lumiracoxib in subgroups.

Secondary chemoprevention of Barrett's esophagus with celecoxib: results of a randomized trial.

Background: Barrett's esophagus is a premalignant condition that is a risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a disease whose incidence is rapidly increasing. Because aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as celecoxib, may decrease the risk of developing esophageal cancer, we investigated the effect of long-term administration of celecoxib in patients with Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia.

Methods: Chemoprevention for Barrett's Esophagus Trial (CBET) is a phase IIb multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial of celecoxib in patients with Barrett's esophagus and low- or high-grade dysplasia.

Retrospective case review of lamotrigine use for affective instability of borderline personality disorder.

Introduction: The diagnosis of borderline personality disorder is complex as is its pharmacologic treatment. Lamotrigine may offer promise in the treatment of this condition.

Objective: To assess the use of lamotrigine to treat symptoms of affective instability in patients with borderline personality disorder.

In vitro efficacy of a buffered chelating solution as an antimicrobial potentiator for antifungal drugs against fungal pathogens obtained from horses with mycotic keratitis.

Objective: To determine whether a novel third-generation chelating agent (8 mM disodium EDTA dehydrate and 20 mM 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1, 3-propanediol) would act as an antimicrobial potentiator to enhance in vitro activity of antifungal medications against fungal isolates obtained from horses with mycotic keratitis.

Sample Population: Fungal isolates (3 Aspergillus isolates, 5 Fusarium isolates, 1 Penicillium isolate, 1 Cladosporium isolate, and 1 Curvularia isolate) obtained from horses with mycotic keratitis and 2 quality-control strains obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Candida albicans ATCC 90028 and Paecilomyces variotii ATCC 36257).

Procedure: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against fungal isolates for 4 antifungal drugs (miconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and natamycin) were compared with MICs against fungal isolates for the combinations of each of the 4 antifungal drugs and the chelating agent.

Gastrointestinal tolerability of lumiracoxib in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastrointestinal safety of lumiracoxib, a novel selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor.

Methods: Results from 15 Phase II and III randomized studies of lumiracoxib in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis were pooled. Patients received lumiracoxib (200/400 mg/day), celecoxib (200/400 mg/day), rofecoxib (25 mg once daily), diclofenac (75 mg twice daily), ibuprofen (800 mg 3 times daily), naproxen (500 mg twice daily), or placebo.

Tadalafil reversal of sexual dysfunction caused by serotonin enhancing medications in women.

Sexual dysfunction is a common side effect of many antidepressants, especially those that increase serotonin. Many strategies have been reported to assist patients in minimizing impairment, with variable degrees of success. One of the newer approaches is to augment with phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors.

Chronic treatment of Ménétrier's disease with Erbitux: clinical efficacy and insight into pathophysiology.

Background & Aims: Ménétrier's disease is a rare premalignant hypertrophic gastropathy characterized by large rugal folds, foveolar hyperplasia with glandular atrophy, hypochlorhydria, and hypoalbuminemia. Patients with severe disease often exhibit refractory nausea and vomiting and require gastrectomy. Evidence from both mice and human beings suggests a critical role for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Changes in gastric ECL cells and parietal cells after long-term administration of high-dose omeprazole to patients with Barrett's esophagus.

Purpose: Long-term administration of PPI causes hyperplastic changes of the gastric parietal cells; however, the detailed mechanism remains to be clarified. We administered high-dose omeprazole to patients with Barrett's esophagus for 2 years, and investigated changes in gastric ECL (Enterochromaffin-like) cells using endoscopic biopsy specimens to clarify the etiology of hyperplasia of the parietal cells.

Methods: The subjects were 69 patients who were diagnosed as having Barrett's esophagus (39 males, 30 females).

Squamous cell metaplasia in the rectum: a case report and review of the medical literature.

Squamous cell metaplasia of colorectal epithelium is very rare. There have been only 29 cases previously reported in the English language medical literature. The cause and consequences of squamous cell metaplasia in the colorectum are unknown.

A critical review of the diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus: the AGA Chicago Workshop.

Background & Aims: The diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus (BE) are controversial. We conducted a critical review of the literature in BE to provide guidance on clinically relevant issues.

Methods: A multidisciplinary group of 18 participants evaluated the strength and the grade of evidence for 42 statements pertaining to the diagnosis, screening, surveillance, and treatment of BE.

Preoperative prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in esophageal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review.

Background & Aims: The public health impact of past screening and surveillance practices on the outcomes of Barrett's related cancers has not previously been quantified. Our purpose was to determine the prior prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in reported cases of incident adenocarcinoma undergoing resection, as an indirect measure of impact.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 2000.

Effect of multipolar electrocoagulation on EUS findings in Barrett's esophagus.

Background: Restoration of squamous epithelium in patients with Barrett's epithelium may be achieved by treatment with a proton pump inhibitor plus selective electrocoagulation of the metaplastic epithelium. The effect of such treatment on esophageal wall thickness and morphology, as determined by EUS, is unknown.

Methods: Patients with Barrett's esophagus were treated with omeprazole (40 mg by mouth, twice daily) and underwent selective multipolar electrocoagulation of the metaplastic segment monthly until complete squamous re-epithelialization or a maximum of 6 treatments was achieved.

Emerging gastritides.

The purpose of this review is to highlight two types of gastritis that have recently received much greater attention: lymphocytic gastritis and the gastritis associated with Crohn's disease. Lymphocytic gastritis is a distinctive pattern of inflammation that resembles that seen in celiac disease and lymphocytic colitis. It is associated with a diverse and unusual group of disorders in their own right, as well as having a possible relationship (real or phantom) with H.

Effective and safe endoscopic reversal of nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus with thermal electrocoagulation combined with high-dose acid inhibition: a multicenter study.

Background: Barrett's esophagus is a metaplastic change in the esophageal lining with an increased risk for adenocarcinoma. Multiple endoscopic techniques have been applied in an effort to reverse Barrett's. This is a multicenter trial defining the efficacy and safety of multipolar electrocoagulation combined with high-dose acid inhibition.