Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing for Gastrointestinal Function Recovery in Patients with Uterine Fibroids After High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment.

Objective: To investigate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine nursing scheme on gastrointestinal function recovery in patients with uterine fibroids after high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment.

Methods: By convenient sampling method, 110 patients who received high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for uterine fibroids from January 2023 to December 2023 in HIFU Treatment Center, a Grade-III obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Shanghai were selected as the study objects and were divided into a control group (n = 54) and experimental group (n = 56) by non-synchronous control study. The control group was treated with conventional nursing mode, and the experimental group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine nursing plan for gastrointestinal function recovery of patients with uterine fibroids after sea aid treatment.

Non-O blood types are associated with a greater risk of large artery atherosclerosis stroke and dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism: an observational study.

Background: Previous research on ABO blood types and stroke has been controversial, predominantly suggesting heightened risk of stroke in non-O blood types. Nonetheless, investigations into the correlation and underlying mechanisms between ABO blood groups and stroke subtypes, especially within Chinese cohorts, remain limited.

Methods: The ABO blood types of 9,542 ischaemic stroke (IS) patients were inferred using two ABO gene loci (c.

Colchicine in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (CHANCE-3): multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of colchicine versus placebo on reducing the risk of subsequent stroke after high risk non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack within the first three months of symptom onset (CHANCE-3).

Design: Multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.

Setting: 244 hospitals in China between 11 August 2022 and 13 April 2023.

Nur77 increases mitophagy and decreases aggregation of α-synuclein by modulating the p-c-Abl/p-PHB2 Y121 in α-synuclein PFF SH-SY5Y cells and mice.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive death of dopamine (DA) neurons and the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils. In our previous study, simulated PHB2 phosphorylation was utilized to clarify the regulatory role of c-Abl in PHB2-mediated mitophagy in PD models. In this investigation, we employed an independently patented PHB2Y121 phosphorylated antibody in the PD model to further verify that the c-Abl inhibitor STI571 can impede PHB2Y121 phosphorylation, decrease the formation of α-Syn polymers, and improve autophagic levels.

Potential Protein Signatures for Recurrence Prediction of Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with approximately 7.4% to 7.7% recurrence within the first 3 months.

APOE from patient-derived astrocytic extracellular vesicles alleviates neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a mouse model.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocytopathy of the central nervous system, mediated by antibodies against aquaporin-4 water channel protein (AQP4-Abs), resulting in damage of astrocytes with subsequent demyelination and axonal damage. Extracellular communication through astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) has received growing interest in association with astrocytopathies. However, to what extent ADEVs contribute to NMOSD pathogenesis remains unclear.

Evaluating the clinical utility of artificial intelligence assistance and its explanation on the glioma grading task.

Clinical evaluation evidence and model explainability are key gatekeepers to ensure the safe, accountable, and effective use of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical settings. We conducted a clinical user-centered evaluation with 35 neurosurgeons to assess the utility of AI assistance and its explanation on the glioma grading task. Each participant read 25 brain MRI scans of patients with gliomas, and gave their judgment on the glioma grading without and with the assistance of AI prediction and explanation.

Plasma Reference Ranges for Brain Injury Biomarkers (NfL, NfH, MCP-1, and MMP-9) in Healthy Chinese.

Background: Brain injury triggers neuroaxonal injury and neural death, that leads to the development of secondary sequelae. Throughout this process, brain injury factors released into circulation via the injured neurovascular unit are important prognostic parameters. Plasma NfL, NfH, MCP-1, and MMP-9 have been identified as potential indicators in this regard.

CD4 T cells aggravate hemorrhagic brain injury.

Leukocyte infiltration accelerates brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Yet, the involvement of T lymphocytes in this process has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that CD4 T cells accumulate in the perihematomal regions in the brains of patients with ICH and ICH mouse models.

Bioinformatic identification of hub genes and and TWS-119 as a potential agent for the treatment of massive cerebral infarction.

Background: Massive cerebral infarction (MCI) causes severe neurological deficits, coma and can even result in death. Here, we identified hub genes and pathways after MCI by analyzing microarray data from a murine model of ischemic stroke and identified potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of MCI.

Methods: Microarray expression profiling was performed using the GSE28731 and GSE32529 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells resolve neuroinflammation following cerebral ischaemia.

Background: Acute brain ischaemia elicits pronounced inflammation, which aggravates neural injury. However, the mechanisms governing the resolution of acute neuroinflammation remain poorly understood. In contrast to regulatory T and B cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are immunoregulatory cells that can be swiftly mobilised without antigen presentation; whether and how these ILC2s participate in central nervous system inflammation following brain ischaemia is still unknown.

Generating post-hoc explanation from deep neural networks for multi-modal medical image analysis tasks.

Explaining model decisions from medical image inputs is necessary for deploying deep neural network (DNN) based models as clinical decision assistants. The acquisition of multi-modal medical images is pervasive in practice for supporting the clinical decision-making process. Multi-modal images capture different aspects of the same underlying regions of interest.

Guidelines and evaluation of clinical explainable AI in medical image analysis.

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is essential for enabling clinical users to get informed decision support from AI and comply with evidence-based medical practice. Applying XAI in clinical settings requires proper evaluation criteria to ensure the explanation technique is both technically sound and clinically useful, but specific support is lacking to achieve this goal. To bridge the research gap, we propose the Clinical XAI Guidelines that consist of five criteria a clinical XAI needs to be optimized for.

Targeting CCL5 signaling attenuates neuroinflammation after seizure.

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological condition that causes unprovoked, recurrent seizures. Accumulating evidence from clinical and experimental studies indicates that neuroinflammation exacerbates seizure activity.

Methods: We investigated the transcriptional changes occurring in specific brain domains of a seizure mouse model, using 10× Genomics spatial transcriptomics.

Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase c-Abl-Mediated PHB2 Phosphorylation Aggravates Mitophagy Disorder in Parkinson's Disease Model.

Mitophagy and oxidative stress play important roles in Parkinson's disease (PD). Dysregulated mitophagy exacerbates mitochondrial oxidative damage; however, the regulatory mechanism of mitophagy is unclear. Here, we provide a potential mechanistic link between c-Abl, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, and mitophagy in PD progression.

Brain-derived programmed death-ligand 1 mediates immunosuppression post intracerebral hemorrhage.

Immunosuppression commonly occurs after a stroke, which is believed to be associated with the increased risk of infectious comorbidities of stroke patients, while the mechanisms underlying post-stroke immunosuppression is yet to be elucidated. In the brains of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients and murine ICH models, we identified that neuron-derived programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is reduced in the perihematomal area, associating increased soluble PD-L1 level in the peripheral blood. ICH induced a significant decrease of T and natural killer (NK) cell numbers in the periphery with an upregulation of programed death-1 (PD-1) in these cells.

Role of Immune and Inflammatory Mechanisms in Stroke: A Review of Current Advances.

Stroke accounts for a large proportion of morbidity and mortality burden in China. Moreover, there is a high prevalence of the leading risk factors for stroke, including hypertension and smoking. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic interventions for patients with stroke is a key imperative.

Pertussis toxin-induced inflammatory response exacerbates intracerebral haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke in mice.

Background: Stroke is a devastating disease, including intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and ischaemic stroke. Emerging evidences indicate that systemic inflammatory cascades after stroke contribute to brain damage. However, the direct effects and features of systemic inflammation on brain injury, especially comparing between ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, are still obscure.

miR-1224 contributes to ischemic stroke-mediated natural killer cell dysfunction by targeting Sp1 signaling.

Background: Brain ischemia compromises natural killer (NK) cell-mediated immune defenses by acting on neurogenic and intracellular pathways. Less is known about the posttranscriptional mechanisms that regulate NK cell activation and cytotoxicity after ischemic stroke.

Methods: Using a NanoString nCounter® miRNA array panel, we explored the microRNA (miRNA) profile of splenic NK cells in mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Neuroblast senescence in the aged brain augments natural killer cell cytotoxicity leading to impaired neurogenesis and cognition.

Normal aging is accompanied by escalating systemic inflammation. Yet the potential impact of immune homeostasis on neurogenesis and cognitive decline during brain aging have not been previously addressed. Here we report that natural killer (NK) cells of the innate immune system reside in the dentate gyrus neurogenic niche of aged brains in humans and mice.

Cellular and molecular imaging for stem cell tracking in neurological diseases.

Stem cells (SCs) are cells with strong proliferation ability, multilineage differentiation potential and self-renewal capacity. SC transplantation represents an important therapeutic advancement for the treatment strategy of neurological diseases, both in the preclinical experimental and clinical settings. Innovative and breakthrough SC labelling and tracking technologies are widely used to monitor the distribution and viability of transplanted cells non-invasively and longitudinally.