Long-term risk of gastric cancer by subsite in operated and unoperated patients hospitalized for peptic ulcer.

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether the elevated risk of gastric cancer among patients with gastric ulcer (GU) and the enigmatic low risk among patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) pertain to both cardia and noncardia cancer. We also studied the risks among operated patients while taking the disparate baseline risks into consideration.

Methods: Retrospective cohorts of 59,550 and 79,412 unoperated patients with DU and GU, respectively, plus 12,840 patients with partial gastric resection and 8,105 with vagotomy, recorded in the Swedish Inpatient Register since 1970, were followed from the first hospitalization (date of operation for the surgery cohort) until occurrence of any cancer, death, emigration, definitive surgery, or December 31, 2003.

Risk for gastric cancer after cholecystectomy.

Background: It is becoming increasingly evident that chronic inflammation may predispose cancer development. In the stomach, inflammation caused by Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to gastric cancer. Cholecystectomy is regularly followed by duodenogastric bile reflux and reactive gastritis.

[Primary intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws: case report and review of the literature].

Because of lacking characteristic symptoms, primary intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws can't be easily diagnosed early. A case of intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the maxilla was reported and relevant literature was reviewed. The possible etiology, clinical symptoms, radiology, histopathology, diagnosis and treatments were discussed.

Impact of hospital volume on long-term survival after esophageal cancer surgery.

Hypothesis: The improved survival after esophageal cancer surgery in Sweden during recent years may be attributable to the increased centralization of such surgery.

Design: Population-based study.

Setting: All Swedish residents undergoing esophageal cancer surgery from January 1, 1987, through December 31, 2000, were identified from the inpatient and cancer registers and were followed up until October 18, 2004, through nationwide registers.

Lifestyle factors and risk for symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux in monozygotic twins.

Background & Aims: Lifestyle and genetic factors dominate the etiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease. We investigated associations between lifestyle factors and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms, with and without controlling for genetic predisposition.

Methods: In 1967 and 1973, questionnaires including lifestyle exposures were mailed to twins in the Swedish Twin Registry, and data on GER symptoms were collected by telephone interview during 1998-2002.

Smoking, snuff dipping and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--a prospective cohort study.

Background: Little is known about the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The association between cigarette smoking, but not other types of smoking and snuff dipping, and the risk of ALS has been evaluated in several epidemiologic studies. The findings were inconclusive.

The risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer disease.

Although Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) seropositivity is linked to an excess risk of pancreatic cancer, the biologic mechanism is unknown. Gastric ulcer is primarily associated with corpus colonization of H.

Smoking and alcohol drinking in relation to risk of gastric cancer: a population-based, prospective cohort study.

The relations between tobacco, alcohol and risk of gastric cancer need to be established, and any gain from preventive measures should be estimated. We conducted a population-based, prospective cohort study in Nord-Trondelag county in Norway. During 1984-1986, adult residents were invited to a health survey and they answered questionnaires that assessed exposure to tobacco and alcohol, together with potential confounding factors.

Survival after neoadjuvant therapy compared with surgery alone for resectable esophageal cancer in a population-based study.

Background: Esophagectomy remains the standard treatment for resectable esophageal cancer, but the cure rate is low. Neoadjuvant therapy has been tried in attempts to prolong survival and reduce tumor recurrence. The aim of this study was to assess the surgical outcomes with and without neoadjuvant treatment for resectable esophageal cancer in a population-based setting.

Risk of oesophageal cancer by histology among patients hospitalised for gastroduodenal ulcers.

Objective: The mechanism behind the epidemiologically evident inverse relation between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) remains obscure. Severe corpus gastritis is unlikely to be in the causal pathway. With the hypothesis of a uniformly low risk, the associations of OAC with duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer were explored, both linked to H pylori infection but with different patterns of bacterial colonisation and intragastric acidity.

Human papillomavirus as a risk factor for the increase in incidence of tonsillar cancer.

Smoking and alcohol are well-known etiological factors in tonsillar cancer. However, as in cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently found in a sizable proportion of tonsillar cancer. Recent reports from the U.

A position paper on the electronic publication of nematode taxonomic manuscripts.

Several nematode species have now attained 'model organism' status, yet there remain many niches in basic biological inquiry for which nematodes would be ideal model systems of study. However, furthering the model system approach is hindered by lack of information on nematode biodiversity. The shortage of taxonomic resources to inventory and characterize biodiversity hinders research programs in invasion biology, ecosystem functioning, conservation biology, and many others.

Dietary patterns and risk of squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia: a population-based case-control study in Sweden.

We conducted a large population-based case-control study in Sweden to examine the association of dietary patterns and the development of cancers from the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction. In total 185 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, 165 with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma, 258 with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and 815 randomly selected population controls underwent face-to-face interviews. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify possible dietary patterns.

Trends in incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma over a 20-25 year period (1978/1983-2002) in Sihui and Cangwu counties in southern China.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in most parts of the world but is common in southern China. A recent report from the Hong Kong Cancer Registry, a high-risk area for NPC in southern China, showed that incidence rate decreased by 29% for males and by 30% for females from 1980-1999, while mortality rate decreased by 43% for males and 50% for females. Changing environmental risk factors and improvements in diagnosis and treatment were speculated to be the major factors contributing to the downward trend of the incidence and mortality rates of NPC.

Anthropometry, physical activity, and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition.

Tobacco smoking is the only established risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Results from several epidemiologic studies have suggested that increased body mass index and/or lack of physical activity may be associated with an increased risk of this disease. We examined the relationship between anthropometry and physical activity recorded at baseline and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (n = 438,405 males and females age 19-84 years and followed for a total of 2,826,070 person-years).

Body weight and postmenopausal breast cancer risk defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status among Swedish women: A prospective cohort study.

Although obesity is one of the established risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer, it is not clear whether this positive association differs across estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status of breast tumors. We evaluated the association between body weight and ER/PR defined breast cancer risk stratified by postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use and a family history of breast cancer in the population-based Swedish Mammography Screening Cohort comprising 51,823 postmenopausal women. Relative body weight was measured by body mass index (kg/m2) based on self-reported weight and height collected in 1987 and 1997.

Long-term cancer risk among Swedish women with cosmetic breast implants: an update of a nationwide study.

Epidemiologic evidence does not support a consistently increased cancer risk among women with cosmetic breast implants, but few studies have assessed risk beyond 15 years. Swedish women who underwent cosmetic breast implantation for the first time between January 1, 1965, and December 31, 1993 (N = 3486), were followed through December 31, 2002. Cancer incidence was ascertained through the nationwide Swedish Cancer Registry.

The XPD 751Gln allele is associated with an increased risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma: a population-based case-control study in Sweden.

Mechanisms behind the strong associations of esophageal adenocarcinoma risk with gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) and body mass remain to be defined. In a nationwide population-based case-control study, we examined associations of polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XPD, XPC, XRCC1 and XRCC3 with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and paid special attention to possible interactions with symptomatic reflux or body mass. We collected blood samples from 96, 81 and 126 interviewed incident cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal SCC and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, respectively, and 472 randomly selected controls, frequency-matched with regard to age and sex.

Cancer risk among patients with condylomata acuminata.

Condylomata acuminata have been shown to increase the risk of anogenital cancers. However, previous studies have been of limited sample size and/or short follow-up duration, which prevent precise estimates of long-term excess risk, especially for specific cancer sites. We estimated the risk of specific cancers in a large cohort of hospitalized patients with condylomata acuminata, as recorded in the Swedish Inpatient Register between 1965 and 1999.

Disparities in the classification of esophageal and cardia adenocarcinomas and their influence on reported incidence rates.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of esophageal and cardia adenocarcinoma in the Swedish Cancer Register.

Summary Background Data: Based on cancer registers, a rising incidence of esophageal and cardia adenocarcinoma has been reported in several populations, but possible influence of differences in tumor classification has not been evaluated.

Methods: In a nationwide study in 1995 through 1997, all Swedish patients, born in Sweden and younger than 80 years with esophageal or cardia adenocarcinoma and half of all patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, were prospectively, uniformly, and thoroughly classified.

High-contrast light-by-light switching and AND gate based on nonlinear photonic crystals.

We present a light-by-light photonic crystal configuration consisting of a bend waveguide with three embedded Kerr-type nonlinear rods and a T-branch waveguide. We show that such a configuration can also demonstrate all-optical AND gate operation with extremely high-contrast between the OFF state and ON state in its transmission. Because the presented photonic crystal configuration of all-optical light-by-light switching is simple, this facilitates fabricating practical all-optical devices and further large-scale optical integration.

Morphology and Description of Bursaphelenchus platzeri n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), an Associate of Nitidulid Beetles.

Bursaphelenchus platzeri n. sp., an associate of nitidulid beetles in southern California, is described and illustrated.

Stomatal Ultrastructure, Molecular Phylogeny, and Description of Parasitodiplogaster laevigata n. sp. (Nematoda: Diplogastridae), a Parasite of Fig Wasps.

Parasitodiplogaster comprises a potentially large radiation of nematode species that appear to be parasitically bound to their Agaonid fig wasp hosts, which are mutualistically associated in the syconia (figs) of the diverse plant genus Ficus. Parasitodiplogaster laevigata n. sp.

Risk factors for complications after esophageal cancer resection: a prospective population-based study in Sweden.

Objective: To identify risk factors for complications after resection for esophageal or cardia cancer.

Summary Background Data: Knowledge of risk factors for complications after esophageal resection for cancer is sparse, and prospective population-based studies are lacking.

Methods: A prospective, nationwide, population-based study was conducted in Sweden in April 2, 2001 through December 31, 2003.