PTPRT loss enhances anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy by regulation of STING pathway in non-small cell lung cancer.

With the revolutionary progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non-small cell lung cancer, identifying patients with cancer who would benefit from ICIs has become critical and urgent. Here, we report protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type T (PTPRT) loss as a precise and convenient predictive marker independent of PD-L1 expression for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 axis therapy. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 axis treatment markedly increased progression-free survival in patients with PTPRT-deficient tumors.

The association between tea consumption and non-malignant digestive system diseases: A Mendelian randomized study.

Background: Tea consumption might be closely related to non-malignant digestive diseases. Nevertheless, this correlation remains inadequately comprehended. Therefore, our objective was to elucidate the essence of these connections.

Intracellular metabolic profiling of drug resistant cells by surface enhanced Raman scattering.

Intracellular metabolic profiling reveals real-time metabolic information useful for the study of underlying mechanisms of cells in particular conditions such as drug resistance. However, mass spectrometry (MS), one of the leading metabolomics technologies, usually requires a large number of cells and complex pretreatments. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has an ultrahigh detection sensitivity and specificity, favorable for metabolomics analysis.

Erratum: βKlotho is identified as a target for theranostics in non-small cell lung cancer: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.35582.

Triggering pyroptosis enhances the antitumor efficacy of PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer.

Purpose: PARP inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment landscape for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients who harboring mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PARP inhibitors function beyond DNA damage repair pathways remain elusive, and identifying novel predictive targets that favorably respond to PARP inhibitors in PCa is an active area of research.

Methods: The expression of GSDME in PCa cell lines and human PCa samples was determined by western blotting.

Klotho-beta attenuates Rab8a-mediated exosome regulation and promotes prostate cancer progression.

Tumor-secreted exosomes have a wide range of effects on the growth, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer cells. However, whether and how the molecular mechanisms that regulate the secretion of exosomes could affect tumor progression remains poorly understood. Klotho beta (KLB) has been reported dysregulated in prostate cancer, but its function remains unknown.

Celery ( L.) Exosome-like Nanovesicles as a New-Generation Chemotherapy Drug Delivery Platform against Tumor Proliferation.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells have shown robust efficacy in drug delivery compared with traditional synthetic carriers. Hampered by the high production cost and complex purification process, the clinical application of EVs as drug carriers is still limited. Nanoparticles isolated from plants with exosome-like morphology and similar delivery effects could be a new option for drug delivery.

Doxorubicin Detoxification in Healthy Organs Improves Tolerability to High Drug Doses for Enhanced Antitumor Therapy.

With its well-documented toxicity, the use of doxorubicin (Dox) for cancer treatment requires trade-offs between safety and effectiveness. This limited use of Dox also hinders its functionality as an immunogenic cell death inducer, thus impeding its usefulness for immunotherapeutic applications. Here, we develop a biomimetic pseudonucleus nanoparticle (BPN-KP) by enclosing GC-rich DNA within erythrocyte membrane modified with a peptide to selectively target healthy tissue.

NDFIP1 limits cellular TAZ accumulation via exosomal sorting to inhibit NSCLC proliferation.

NDFIP1 has been previously reported as a tumor suppressor in multiple solid tumors, but the function of NDFIP1 in NSCLC and the underlying mechanism are still unknown. Besides, the WW domain containing proteins can be recognized by NDFIP1, resulted in the loading of the target proteins into exosomes. However, whether WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, also known as TAZ) can be packaged into exosomes by NDFIP1 and if so, whether the release of this oncogenic protein via exosomes has an effect on tumor development has not been investigated to any extent.

Erratum: Downregulation of circ-TRPS1 suppressed prostatic cancer prognoses by regulating miR-124-3p/EZH2 axis-mediated stemness.

[This corrects the article on p. 4372 in vol. 10, PMID: 33415005.

Reciprocal FGF19-GLI2 signaling induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to promote lung squamous cell carcinoma metastasis.

Purpose: Metastatic lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. As yet, however, the molecular mechanism underlying LUSC metastasis remains elusive. In this study, we report a novel mechanism involving signaling interactions between FGF19 and GLI2 that could drive the progression of LUSC.

Association between omega-3/6 fatty acids and cholelithiasis: A mendelian randomization study.

Background: Omega-3 and omega-6 may be protective factors for cholelithiasis. However, this relationship has not yet been demonstrated clearly. Therefore, we attempted to identify these causal relationships.

FGFR1 promotes tumor immune evasion via YAP-mediated PD-L1 expression upregulation in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Variations in FGFR1 are common driver mutations of LSQCC. And immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 are powerful anticancer weapons. Activation of FGFR1 leads to tumorigenesis through multiple downstream molecules, including YAP, but whether and how FGFR1 regulates tumor immune evasion remain largely unclear.

Toxin-Enabled "On-Demand" Liposomes for Enhanced Phototherapy to Treat and Protect against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection.

An effective therapeutic strategy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that does not promote further drug resistance is highly desirable. While phototherapies have demonstrated considerable promise, their application toward bacterial infections can be limited by negative off-target effects to healthy cells. Here, a smart targeted nanoformulation consisting of a liquid perfluorocarbon core stabilized by a lipid membrane coating is developed.

Exosomal PD-L1 predicts response with immunotherapy in NSCLC patients.

Immune Check-Point Inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable promise in treating tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, the treatment response rate is low. Studies have found that the high expression of exosomal PD-L1 is one of the reasons for the low treatment response.

FGF19 Is Coamplified With CCND1 to Promote Proliferation in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Their Combined Inhibition Shows Improved Efficacy.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains as a major cause of cancer-associated mortality with few therapeutic options. Continued research on new driver genes is particularly important. FGF19, a fibroblast growth factor, is frequently observed as amplified in human LUSC, which is also associated with multiple genomic gains and losses.

mA-induced repression of SIAH1 facilitates alternative splicing of androgen receptor variant 7 by regulating CPSF1.

Androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-v7), a constitutively active transcription factor, plays a crucial role in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here, we found that the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 1 (CPSF1) (the largest subunit of the multi-protein cleavage and polyadenylation specificity complex), regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligases SIAH1, promoted AR-v7 expression. The data from microarray-based analysis and clinical specimen-based analysis showed that SIAH1 expression was decreased in PCa and was negatively correlated with aggressive phenotypes of PCa.

Utilization of hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive grafts in liver transplantation: A matched study based on a national registry cohort.

Background And Aim: Donor shortage has become worldwide limitation in liver transplantation (LT). Use of hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive (HBsAg+) donors could be an alternative source of donor organs. This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of LT using HBsAg+ liver grafts and associated long-term outcome.

Knockdown of CDK5 down-regulates PD-L1 via the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway and improves antitumor immunity in lung adenocarcinoma.

Although immunotherapy (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies) has been approved for clinical treatment of lung cancer, only a small proportion of patients respond to monotherapy. Hence, understanding the regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 is particularly important to identify optimal combinations. In this study, we found that inhibition of CDK5 induced by shRNA or CDK5 inhibitor leads to reduced expression of PD-L1 protein in human lung adenocarcinoma cells, while the mRNA level is not substantially altered.

Clonal Evolution Dynamics in Primary and Metastatic Lesions of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Data on inter-tumoral heterogeneity and clonal evolution of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs) with liver metastasis are limited. The aim of this study was to explore different patterns of clonal evolution of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with liver metastasis and the possible distinctive signaling pathways involved between G2 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Tumor tissues of five patients (10 samples) with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with synchronous liver metastasis were analyzed using next-generation sequencing.

Targeted inhibition of SIRT6 via engineered exosomes impairs tumorigenesis and metastasis in prostate cancer.

The treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients remains a great challenge in the clinic and continuously demands discoveries of new targets and therapies. Here, we assess the function and therapeutic value of SIRT6 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The expression of SIRT6 was examined in prostate cancer tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry staining.

Downregulation of circ-TRPS1 suppressed prostatic cancer prognoses by regulating miR-124-3p/EZH2 axis-mediated stemness.

Abnormal circular RNA (circRNA) expression correlates with human traits such as many kinds of cancers. Though circRNAs have links to cancer, they have less characterization in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa), which is main reason for PCa mortality. Therefore, high-throughput sequencing was used for selected circRNA profiles.