Enhancing the Flavor Profile of Summer Green Tea via Fermentation with RAF106.

Summer green tea (SGT) has a low cost and high annual yield, but its utilization rate is limited due to suboptimal quality. The aim of this study is to enhance the flavor of SGT using fermentation with RAF106 while examining changes in its metabolites during this process. The results revealed an elevation in the content of alcohol, alkanes, and nitroxides in tea leaves following the process of fermentation.

Interleukin-1 beta induction of neuron apoptosis depends on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity after spinal cord injury.

Aim: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) has been implicated as an extracellular signal in the initiation of apoptosis in neurons and oligodendrocytes after spinal cord injury (SCI). To further characterize the apoptotic cascade initiated by IL-1beta after SCI, we examined the expression of IL-1beta, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and caspase-3 after SCI, and further investigated whether p38 MAPK was involved in neuron apoptosis induced by IL-1beta.

Methods: Adult rats were given contusion SCI at the T-10 vertebrae level with a weight-drop impactor (10 g weight dropped 25.