Autophagy Blockage Enhancing Photothermal and Chemodynamic Synergistic Therapy Based on HCQ/CuS Nanoplatform.

As an intracellular protective mechanism, autophagy has the potential to significantly impair the therapeutic effects of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), which helps cancer cells survive under harsh conditions, such as high temperature and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, an autophagy blockage enhanced PTT and CDT synergistic therapy nanoplatform is constructed by loading hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with autophagy inhibitory effect into hollow copper sulfide (HCuS). Specifically, HCuS produces toxic ROS through Fenton-like reaction in the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Correction: Self-quenched ferrocenyl diketopyrrolopyrrole organic nanoparticles with amplifying photothermal effect for cancer therapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C7SC03351F.].

Correction: Tumor-targeting, enzyme-activated nanoparticles for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and photodynamic therapy.

Correction for 'Tumor-targeting, enzyme-activated nanoparticles for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and photodynamic therapy' by Huaxia Shi , , 2016, , 113-120, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB02041G.

Correction: FDPP-HA as a theranostic agent for cancer-targeted fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C7RA06551E.].

Crystal engineering of ferrocene-based charge-transfer complexes for NIR-II photothermal therapy and ferroptosis.

Organic charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) can function as versatile second near-infrared (NIR-II) theranostic platforms to tackle complicated solid tumors, while the structure-property relationship is still an unanswered problem. To uncover the effect of molecular stacking modes on photophysical and biochemical properties, herein, five ferrocene derivatives were synthesized as electron donors and co-assembled with electron-deficient F4TCNQ to form the corresponding CTCs. The crystalline and photophysical results showed that only herringbone-aligned CTCs (named anion-radical salts, ARS NPs) possess good NIR-II absorption ability and a photothermal effect for short π-π distances (<3.

TME-triggered MnSiO@Met@GOx nanosystem for ATP dual-inhibited starvation/chemodynamic synergistic therapy.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an essential substance for maintaining tumor cell survival and proliferation. Inhibiting the ATP-producing pathways has emerged as a promising cancer treatment strategy. However, the antitumor efficiency of ATP inhibitors is compromised by the inter-compensation of multiple ATP-producing pathways in tumor cells and biological barriers in the complex tumor microenvironment (TME).

Visible-Light-Promoted Desulfurative Alkylation of Alkyl Thianthrenium Salts with Activated Olefins.

Reactions involving an alkyl radical generated from a primary alcohol by photochemistry are rare and challenging. Herein, we present a photocatalyst- and metal-free approach that enables the generation of an alkyl radical from the corresponding alcohol and the subsequent C(sp)-C(sp) bond formation with activated olefin, via an alkyl thianthrenium salt/Hantzsch ester electron donor-acceptor complex. This protocol for the conversion of a C-OH bond to a C-C bond is highly functionality tolerant and can successfully be used in late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals.

γ-Fe O Loading Mitoxantrone and Glucose Oxidase for pH-Responsive Chemo/Chemodynamic/Photothermal Synergistic Cancer Therapy.

Traditional cancer therapy is limited by poor prognosis and risk of recurrence. Emerging therapies offer alternatives to these problems. In addition, synergistic therapy can combine the advantages of multiple therapies to eliminate cancer cells while attenuating damage to normal tissues.

Structural effect of NIR-II absorbing charge transfer complexes and its application on cysteine-depletion mediated ferroptosis and phototherapy.

Second near-infrared (NIR-II) absorbing organic photothermal agents (PTAs) usually suffer from laborious and time-consuming synthesis; therefore, it is of importance to develop a simple and easy-to-handle method for the preparation of NIR-II PTAs. Charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) can be easily used to construct NIR-II absorbing PTAs, although the relationship between their molecular structure and photophysical properties is yet to be uncovered. Herein, three kinds of electron donors with different substitutions (chloroethyl, ethyl, and methyl) were synthesized and assembled with electron-deficient F4TCNQ to afford corresponding CTC nanoparticles (Cl-F4, Et-F4, and Me-F4 NPs).

Monotherapy and Combination Therapy Using Anti-Angiogenic Nanoagents to Fight Cancer.

Anti-angiogenic therapy, targeting vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to prevent tumor growth, has been attracting increasing attention in recent years, beginning with bevacizumab (Avastin) through its Phase II/III clinical trials on solid tumors. However, these trials showed only modest clinical efficiency; moreover, anti-angiogenic therapy may induce acquired resistance to the drugs employed. Combining advanced drug delivery techniques (e.

pH/glutathione-responsive release of SO induced superoxide radical accumulation for gas therapy of cancer.

A pH/GSH-responsive SO2 generation nanoplatform (BODS NPs) is established to achieve lysosomal escape and GSH depletion in tumor cells. O2˙- as the main ROS during SO2-mediated gas therapy can be accumulated through Cu/Zn-SOD enzymatic activity suppression and mitochondrial biogenesis, further exacerbating the oxidative stress and resulting in cell apoptosis.

Highly Stretchable, Elastic, and Sensitive MXene-Based Hydrogel for Flexible Strain and Pressure Sensors.

Electronic skin is driving the next generation of cutting-edge wearable electronic products due to its good wearability and high accuracy of information acquisition. However, it remains a challenge to fulfill the requirements on detecting full-range human activities with existing flexible strain sensors. Herein, highly stretchable, sensitive, and multifunctional flexible strain sensors based on MXene- (TiCT -) composited poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone double-network hydrogels were prepared.

Mitoxantrone as photothermal agents for ultrasound/fluorescence imaging-guided chemo-phototherapy enhanced by intratumoral HO-Induced CO.

Multimodal imaging integrated theranostic nanomaterials provides broad prospects for noninvasive and precise cancer treatment. However, the uncertain physiological metabolism of the existing phototherapy nanoagents greatly prevents its clinical application. Herein, a smart nanoplatform based on clinically chemotherapeutic drugs mitoxantrone (MTO) was prepared to realize ultrasound/fluorescence imaging-guided chemo-photothermal combined therapy.

A three-dimensional BODIPY-iron(iii) compound with improved HO-response for NIR-II photoacoustic imaging guided chemodynamic/photothermal therapy.

3D boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-Fe(iii) coordination polymer nanoparticles can extend absorption to 1300 nm for enhanced ligand-to-metal transfer. The nanoparticles show good cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (˙OH) generation ability, high photothermal conversion, and outstanding NIR-II photoacoustic imaging, displaying synergistic chemodynamic/photothermal therapy.

Near-Infrared Light-Harvesting Fullerene-Based Nanoparticles for Promoted Synergetic Tumor Phototheranostics.

A synergetic phototheranostic system, combining diagnostic photo-imaging and phototherapies [such as photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT)], shows great potential in today's tumor precise therapy. Herein, we fabricate near-infrared (NIR) light-harvesting fullerene-based nanoparticles (DAF NPs) for photoacoustic (PA) imaging-guided synergetic tumor photothermal and PDT. The fullerene derivatives (DAF) absorbing in the NIR region have been synthesized by conjugating NIR-absorbing antenna with fullerene.

Penetration depth tunable BODIPY derivatives for pH triggered enhanced photothermal/photodynamic synergistic therapy.

Improving the deep-tissue phototherapy (PDT) efficiency in the near-infrared (NIR) region has become one of the major challenges in clinics for cancer treatment. Developing intelligent photosensitizers (PSs) responding to tumor-specific signals sensitively to minimize side effects is another major challenge for tumor phototherapy. Herein, three phenyl-based boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) compounds with different numbers of diethylaminophenyl groups introduced onto the BODIPY core have been designed and synthesized by the Knoevenagel condensation reaction.

Hydrogen Peroxide Responsive Iron-Based Nanoplatform for Multimodal Imaging-Guided Cancer Therapy.

Cancer multimodal phototherapy triggered by hydrogen peroxide has attracted widespread attention as a dominating strategy to increase phototherapeutic efficiency. Herein, a hydrogen peroxide responsive iron oxide nanoplatform, with the diameter of about 50 nm, is fabricated to intracellularly trigger the Fenton reaction and achieve synergistic photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. The nanoplatform based on iron oxide nanoparticles is decorated with indocyanine green (ICG, photosensitizer) and hyaluronic acid (HA, targeting molecular) through electrostatic interaction, thus the as-prepared nanoplatform (IONPs-ICG-HA) exhibits excellent active targeting ability and biocompatibility.

A light-induced nitric oxide controllable release nano-platform based on diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives for pH-responsive photodynamic/photothermal synergistic cancer therapy.

Emerging treatment approaches, such as gas therapy (GT), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), have received widespread attention. The development of an intelligent multifunctional nano-platform responding to tumor microenvironments for multimodal therapy is highly desirable. Herein, a near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive nitric oxide (NO) photodonor (4-nitro-3-trifluoromethylaniline, NF) and a pH-sensitive group (dimethylaminophenyl) have been introduced into a diketopyrrolopyrrole core (denoted as DPP-NF).

2-Pyridone-functionalized Aza-BODIPY photosensitizer for imaging-guided sustainable phototherapy.

To overcome irradiation-dependence of cancer phototherapy, a near infrared aza-BODIPY-based photothermogenic photosensitizer BDY with 2-Pyridone group has been synthesized for imaging-guided photothermal synergistic sustainable photodynamic therapy. Multifunctional water-soluble BDY nanoparticles (NPs), with high photothermal conversion efficiency of 35.7% and excellent singlet oxygen (O) generation ability, are prepared by self-assembling.

A tumor-mitochondria dual targeted aza-BODIPY-based nanotheranostic agent for multimodal imaging-guided phototherapy.

Mitochondria targeted phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has excelled as an effective approach among other non-specific techniques for its high selectivity, non-invasiveness and low systemic toxicity. Derivatives of porphyrins, indocyanine dyes and rhodamine are widely utilized for cancer PDT or PTT. However, limitations, such as hypoxia and heat resistance of PDT and PTT, have restricted their efficacy in tumor treatment, making it urgent to develop highly efficient theranostic agents with synergistic effects.

Organic Dye Based Nanoparticles for Cancer Phototheranostics.

Phototheranostics, which simultaneously combines photodynamic and/or photothermal therapy with deep-tissue diagnostic imaging, is a promising strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Organic dyes with the merits of strong near-infrared absorbance, high photo-to-radical and/or photothermal conversion efficiency, great biocompatibility, ready chemical structure fine-tuning capability, and easy metabolism, have been demonstrated as attractive candidates for clinical phototheranostics. These organic dyes can be further designed and fabricated into nanoparticles (NPs) using various strategies.

Zinc(II) Metalated Porphyrins as Photothermogenic Photosensitizers for Cancer Photodynamic/Photothermal Synergistic Therapy.

Porphyrin derivatives are the first-generation photosensitizers, and to design a strong near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing porphyrin with good water solubility is highly desired for better therapeutic effect to treat tumors. Herein, three new porphyrin derivatives, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) porphyrin (P1), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) zinc porphyrin (ZnP1), and 5,15-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-10,20-bis((4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl) zinc porphyrin (ZnP2) have been synthesized. Among them, ZnP2 shows the longest and most intensive Q-bands in the near-infrared (NIR) region, as it endows the strongest light-harvesting capability and deepest tumor tissue penetration.