A small cavity for detecting sound-induced flow.

A study is presented of a method for creating an acoustic flow sensor that is generally compatible with current silicon microfabrication processes. An aim of this effort is to obtain a design consisting of a minimal departure from the existing designs employed in mass-produced silicon microphones. Because the primary component in all of these microphones is the cavity behind the pressure-sensing diaphragm, we begin with a study of the acoustic particle velocity within a cavity in a planar surface.

Precursor-Driven Confined Synthesis of Highly Pure 5-Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons.

Armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) known as semiconductors are holding promise for nanoelectronics applications and sparking increased research interest. Currently, synthesis of 5-AGNRs with a quasi-metallic gap has been achieved using perylene and its halogen-containing derivatives as precursors via on-surface synthesis on a metal substrate. However, challenges in controlling the polymerization and orientation between precursor molecules have led to side reactions and the formation of by-products, posing a significant issue in purity.

Conversion of monocropping to intercropping promotes rhizosphere microbiome functionality and soil nitrogen cycling.

Intercropping can increase soil nutrient availability and provide greater crop yields for intensive agroecosystems. Despite its multiple benefits, how intercropping influences rhizosphere microbiome assemblages, functionality, and complex soil nitrogen cycling is not fully understood. Here, a three-year field experiment was carried out on different cropping system with five fertilization treatments at the main soybean production regions.

Encapsulation and Evolution of Polyynes Inside Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.

Polyyne is an sp-hybridized linear carbon chain (LCC) with alternating single and triple carbon-carbon bonds. Polyyne is very reactive; thus, its structure can be easily damaged through a cross-linking reaction between the molecules. The longer the polyyne is, the more unstable it becomes.

Area-Selective Depolymerization of Hydroxycinnamates Visualized by Raman Imaging in cv. Cell Wall.

Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) are regarded as a barrier for lignocellulosic biomass refinery. Here, confocal Raman microspectroscopy has been used to visualize the dissolution of hydroxycinnamates (HCMs) incorporated into LCCs by ether and ester bonds for energy crops cv. during successive NaOH (2.

Fertilizing-induced alterations of microbial functional profiles in soil nitrogen cycling closely associate with crop yield.

Fertilization and rhizosphere selection are key regulators for soil nitrogen (N) cycling and microbiome. Thus, clarifying how the overall N cycling processes and soil microbiome respond to these factors is a prerequisite for understanding the consequences of high inputs of fertilizers, enhancing crop yields, and formulating reasonable nitrogen management strategies under agricultural intensification scenarios. To do this, we applied shotgun metagenomics sequencing to reconstruct N cycling pathways on the basis of abundance and distribution of related gene families, as well as explored the microbial diversity and interaction via high throughput sequencing based on a two-decade fertilization experiment in Loess Plateau of China semiarid area.

Weak environmental adaptation of rare phylotypes sustaining soil multi-element cycles in response to decades-long fertilization.

Deciphering the ecological role of soil communities in the maintenance of multiple ecosystem functions is pivotal for the conservation and sustainability of soil biodiversity. However, few studies have investigated niche differentiation of abundant and rare microbiota, as well as their contributions to multiple soil elemental cycles, particularly in agroecosystems that have received decades of intense fertilization. Here, we characterized the environmental thresholds and phylogenetic signals for the environmental adaptation of both abundant and rare microbial subcommunities via amplicon sequencing and metagenomic sequencing and explored their importance in sustaining soil multiple nutrient cycling in agricultural fields that were fertilized for two decades.

Rapid Identification for the Pterocarpus Bracelet by Three-Step Infrared Spectrum Method.

In order to explore a rapid identification method for the anti-counterfeit of commercial high value collections, a three-step infrared spectrum method was used for the pterocarpus collection identification to confirm whether a commercial pterocarpus bracelet (PB) was made from the precious species of . In the first step, undertaken by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum, the absorption peaks intensity of PB was slightly higher than that of only at 1594 cm, 1205 cm, 1155 cm and 836 cm. In the next step of second derivative IR spectra (SDIR), the FTIR features of the tested samples were further amplified, and the peaks at 1600 cm, 1171 cm and 1152 cm become clearly defined in PB.

Unravelling the Complete Raman Response of Graphene Nanoribbons Discerning the Signature of Edge Passivation.

Controlling the edge morphology and terminations of graphene nanoribbons (GNR) allows tailoring their electronic properties and boosts their application potential. One way of making such structures is encapsulating them inside single-walled carbon nanotubes. Despite the versatility of Raman spectroscopy to resolve strong spectral signals of these systems, discerning the response of long nanoribbons from that of any residual precursor remaining outside after synthesis has been so far elusive.

[Phenotypic and genetic analysis of a boy with inv dup del(8p)].

Objective: To delineate the nature and origin of a chromosomal aberration detected in a boy with mental retardation.

Methods: The proband and his parents were subjected to routine G-banded chromosomal karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) analysis.

Results: The karyotype of the proband was determined as 46, XX, add(8)(p23).

Isotopic Labelling of Confined Carbyne.

Carbyne is a one-dimensional allotrope of carbon consisting of a linear chain of carbon atoms bonded to each other with exceptional strength. Its outstanding mechanical, optical, and electronic properties have been theoretically predicted, but its stability has only been achieved when grown encapsulated in the hollow core of carbon nanotubes. One of the advantages of this confinement is that its properties can be controlled by the chain's length and surrounding environment.

Oxidation stability of confined linear carbon chains, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoribbons as 1D nanocarbons.

Three typical one-dimensional (1D)/quasi-1D nanocarbons, linear carbon chains, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoribbons have been proved to grow inside single-walled carbon nanotubes. This gives rise to three types of hybrid materials whose behaviour and properties compared among each other are far from being understood. After proving the successful synthesis of these nanostructured materials in recently published work, we have now been able to study their oxidation stability systematically by using resonance Raman spectroscopy.

Picosecond ultrasonic study of surface acoustic waves on periodically patterned layered nanostructures.

We have used the ultrafast pump-probe technique known as picosecond ultrasonics to generate and detect surface acoustic waves on a structure consisting of nanoscale Al lines on SiO on Si. We report results from ten samples with varying pitch (1000-140 nm) and SiO film thickness (112 nm or 60 nm), and compare our results to an isotropic elastic calculation and a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. In all cases we are able to detect and identify a Rayleigh-like surface acoustic wave with wavelength equal to the pitch of the lines and frequency in the range of 5-24 GHz.

Apigenin Attenuates Adriamycin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway.

Treatment with Adriamycin (ADR) is one of the major causes of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and therefore is the principal limiting factor in the effectiveness of chemotherapy for cancer patients. Apigenin (API) has been shown to play a cardioprotective role. The present study examined the effect of API on ADR-induced cardiotoxicity in mice.

CO -Assisted Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Amorphous Molybdenum Oxide Nanosheets for Enhanced Plasmon Resonances.

As a remarkable class of plasmonic materials, two dimensional (2D) semiconductor compounds have attracted attention owing to their controlled manipulation of plasmon resonances in the visible light spectrum, which outperforms conventional noble metals. However, tuning of plasmonic resonances for 2D semiconductors remains challenging. Herein, we design a novel method to obtain amorphous molybdenum oxide (MoO ) nanosheets, in which it combines the oxidation of MoS and subsequent supercritical CO -treatment, which is a crucial step for the achievement of amorphous structure of MoO .

[Substitution of antelope horn in Danqi Piantan capsule with artificial bezoar in vitro].

The in vitro cell culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of Danqi Piantan capsule (DPC) and DPC dislodge the antelope horn with artificial bezoar double (DPCBD) on nerve regeneration and blood vessel regeneration and preliminarily investigate the possibility of substituting antelope horn in DPC with artificial bezoar. In this experiment, rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the blank serum control group, the model group, DPC groups (0.306 g x kg(-1) x d(-1), the same below), DPC remove of antelope horn (DPCRA) groups and DPCBD groups.

[Preliminary study on substitution of Antelope Horn in Danqi Piantan capsule with artificial bezoar].

To study the protective effect of Danqi Piantan capsule ( DPC) and its antelope horn substitution (DPCAS) on the cerebral ischemia, in order to preliminary study the possibility of replacing antelope horn with artificial bezoar. In this study, the left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was adopted. Totally 150 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the sham operation group, the model group, the Danqi Piantan capsule (DPC) group (0.

Effects of B7-H3 on the inflammatory response and expression of MMP-9 in mice with pneumococcal meningitis.

B7-H3, a new member of the B7 superfamily, plays a key role in the regulation of T cell-mediated immune responses. Our previous work showed that B7-H3 strongly augmented both LPS- and bacterial lipoprotein-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory response, and soluble B7-H3 was elevated in CSF and plasma of patients with bacterial meningitis. MMP-9 has been implicated in blood-brain barrier disruption, inflammation, and vasculitis during the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis.

Mechanical peeling of free-standing single-walled carbon-nanotube bundles.

An in situ electron microscopy study is presented of adhesion interactions between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by mechanically peeling thin free-standing SWNT bundles using in situ nanomanipulation techniques inside a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. The in situ measurements clearly reveal the process of delaminating one SWNT bundle from its originally bound SWNT bundle in a controlled-displacement manner and capture the deformation curvature of the delaminated SWNT bundle during the peeling process. A theoretical model based on nonlinear elastica theory is employed to interpret the measured deformation curvatures of the SWNTs and to quantitatively evaluate the peeling force and the adhesion strength between bundled SWNTs.

[Analysis of anti-microbial resistance of Escherichia coli that caused infection in urogenital system].

Objective: To study the anti-microbial resistance of Escherichia coli (E.coli) that caused infection in urogenital system.

Method: Anti-microbial susceptibility tests for 148 strains of E.