Laponite-activated AIE supramolecular assembly with modulating multicolor luminescence for logic digital encryption and perfluorinated pollutant detection.

Recently, the non-covalently activated supramolecular scaffold method has become a prominent research area in the field of intelligent materials. Here, the inorganic clay (LP) promoted the AIE properties of 4,4',4″,4‴-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayltetrakis(benzene-4,1-diyl))tetrakis(1-ethylpyridin-1-ium) (P-TPE), showing an astonishing 42-fold enhancement of the emission intensity of the yellow-green luminescence and a 34-fold increase of the quantum yield via organic-inorganic supramolecular strategy as well as the efficient light-harvesting properties (energy transfer efficiency up to 33 %) after doping with the dye receptor Rhodamine B. Furthermore, the full-color spectral regulation, including white light, was achieved by adjusting the ratio of the donor to the acceptor component and co-assembling with the carbon dots (CD).

Cucurbit[8]uril Confinement-Based Secondary Coassembly for High-Efficiency Phosphorescence Energy Transfer Behavior.

Aqueous supramolecular long-lived near-infrared (NIR) material is highly attractive but still remains great challenge. Herein, we report cucurbit[8]uril confinement-based secondary coassembly for achieving NIR phosphorescence energy transfer in water, which is fabricated from dicationic dodecyl-chain-bridged 4-(4-bromophenyl)-pyridine derivative (G), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), and polyelectrolyte poly(4-styrene-sulfonic sodium) (PSS) via the hierarchical confinement strategy. As compared to the dumbbell-shaped G, the formation of unprecedented linear polypseudorotaxane G⊂CB[8] with nanofiber morphology engenders an emerging phosphorescent emission at 510 nm due to the macrocyclic confinement effect.

Tunable Multicolor Lanthanide Supramolecular Assemblies with White Light Emission Confined by Cucurbituril[7].

Macrocyclic confinement-induced supramolecular luminescence materials have important application value in the fields of bio-sensing, cell imaging, and information anti-counterfeiting. Herein, a tunable multicolor lanthanide supramolecular assembly with white light emission is reported, which is constructed by co-assembly of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) encapsulating naphthylimidazolium dicarboxylic acid (G )/Ln (Eu /Tb ) complex and carbon quantum dots (CD). Benefiting from the macrocyclic confinement effect of CB[7], the supramolecular assembly not only extends the fluorescence intensity of the lanthanide complex G /Tb by 36 times, but also increases the quantum yield by 28 times and the fluorescence lifetime by 12 times.

A pillar[5]arene noncovalent assembly boosts a full-color lanthanide supramolecular light switch.

A photo-responsive full-color lanthanide supramolecular switch was constructed from a synthetic 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (DPA)-modified pillar[5]arene (H) complexing with lanthanide ion (Ln = Tb and Eu) and dicationic diarylethene derivative (G) through a noncovalent supramolecular assembly. Benefiting from the strong complexation between DPA and Ln with a 3 : 1 stoichiometric ratio, the supramolecular complex H/Ln presented an emerging lanthanide emission in the aqueous and organic phase. Subsequently, a network supramolecular polymer was formed by H/Ln further encapsulating dicationic G the hydrophobic cavity of pillar[5]arene, which greatly contributed to the increased emission intensity and lifetime, and also resulted in the formation of a lanthanide supramolecular light switch.

Supramolecular assembly confined purely organic room temperature phosphorescence and its biological imaging.

Purely organic room temperature phosphorescence, especially in aqueous solution, is attracting increasing attention owing to its large Stokes shift, long lifetime, low preparation cost, low toxicity, good processing performance advantages, and broad application value. This review mainly focuses on macrocyclic (cyclodextrin and cucurbituril) hosts, nanoassembly, and macromolecule (polyether) confinement-driven RTP. As an optical probe, the assembly and the two-stage assembly strategy can realize the confined purely organic RTP and achieve energy transfer and light-harvesting from fluorescence to delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence.

Multivalent supramolecular assembly with ultralong organic room temperature phosphorescence, high transfer efficiency and ultrahigh antenna effect in water.

Multivalent supramolecular assemblies have recently attracted extensive attention in the applications of soft materials and cell imaging. Here, we report a novel multivalent supramolecular assembly constructed from 4-(4-bromophenyl)pyridine-1-ium bromide modified hyaluronic acid (HABr), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and laponite® clay (LP), which could emit purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with a phosphorescence lifetime of up to 4.79 ms in aqueous solution multivalent supramolecular interactions.

Luminescent lanthanide-macrocycle supramolecular assembly.

A series of macrocyclic compounds, including crown ether, cyclodextrin, cucurbituril and pillararene, bound to various specific organic/inorganic/biological guest molecules and ions through various non-covalent interactions, can not only make a single system multifunctional but also endow the system with intelligence, especially for luminescent materials. Due to their excellent luminescence properties, such as long-lived excited states, sharp linear emission bands and large Stokes shift, lanthanides have shown great advantages in luminescence, and have been more and more applied in the design of advanced functional luminescent materials. Based on reported research, we summarize the progress of lanthanide luminescent materials based on different macrocyclic compounds from ion or molecule recognition to functional nano-supramolecular assembly of the lanthanide-macrocycle supramolecular system including photo-reaction mediated switch of lanthanide luminescent molecules, multicolor luminescence, ion detection and cell imaging of rare-earth up-conversion of macrocyclic supramolecular assembly.

High-Efficiency Synergistic Effect of Supramolecular Nanoparticles Based on Cyclodextrin Prodrug on Cancer Therapy.

Novel cyclodextrin-prodrug supramolecular nanoparticles (NPs) with cooperative-enhancing cancer therapy were constructed from a reduction-sensitive disulfide bond-linked permethyl-β-cyclodextrin-camptothecin prodrug, water-soluble adamantane-porphyrin photosensitizer, and hyaluronic acid grafted by triphenylphosphine and β-cyclodextrin through an orthogonal host-guest recognition strategy, displaying uniform nanoparticles with a diameter around 100 nm as revealed by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Compared with 293T normal cells, the supramolecular NPs could be easily taken up by mitochondria of A549 cancer cells, then release the active anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) in situ via the cleavage of the disulfide bond by the overexpressed glutathione, and could initiate the effective singlet oxygen (O) generation by porphyrin under light irradiation, ultimately resulting in severe mitochondrial dysfunction and a rising cell death rate with increasing micromolar concentration of NPs. These multicomponent supramolecular nanoassemblies effectively combined the two-step synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy of reduction-release of CPT and light-triggered O generation within cancer cells presenting the synergistic effect of supramolecular nanoparticles on cancer therapy, which provide a new approach for efficient step-by-step cancer therapy.

Ultralong purely organic aqueous phosphorescence supramolecular polymer for targeted tumor cell imaging.

Purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence has attracted attention for bioimaging but can be quenched in aqueous systems. Here we report a water-soluble ultralong organic room-temperature phosphorescent supramolecular polymer by combining cucurbit[n]uril (CB[7], CB[8]) and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a tumor-targeting ligand conjugated to a 4-(4-bromophenyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide (BrBP) phosphor. The result shows that CB[7] mediated pseudorotaxane polymer CB[7]/HA-BrBP changes from small spherical aggregates to a linear array, whereas complexation with CB[8] results in biaxial pseudorotaxane polymer CB[8]/HA-BrBP which transforms to relatively large aggregates.

Mitochondrion-targeting chemiluminescent ternary supramolecular assembly for in situ photodynamic therapy.

The development of smart supramolecular self-assemblies for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and organelle-targeting cell imaging has become a hot topic of research due to their rapid and intelligent responses. Herein, we report a novel ternary supramolecular assembly of nanoparticles, composed specifically of photosensitizer molecules 4,4'-(dibenzo[a,c]phenazine-9,14-diyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide (DPAC-S) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) co-assembled with bis[2,4,5-trichloro-6-(pentyloxycarbonyl)phenyl]oxalate (CPPO). Overexpressed hydrogen peroxide in tumor cells was used to rapidly stimulate these nanoparticles to produce chemiluminescence and simultaneously sensitize oxygen molecules to singlet oxygen (O) for in situ PDT.

High-efficiency dynamic sensing of biothiols in cancer cells with a fluorescent β-cyclodextrin supramolecular assembly.

A unique fluorescent supramolecular assembly was constructed using coumarin-modified β-cyclodextrin as a reversible ratiometric probe and an adamantane-modified cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide as a cancer-targeting agent host-guest inclusion complexation. Importantly, the coumarin-modified β-cyclodextrin not only showed higher sensitivity than the parent coumarin derivatives owing to the presence of numerous hydroxyl groups on the cyclodextrin but also provided a hydrophobic cavity for encapsulation of a cancer-targeting agent. The assembly showed a reversible and fast response to biothiols with a micromolar dissociation constant, as well as outstanding cancer cell permeability, which can be used for high-efficiency real-time monitoring of biothiols in cancer cells.

Cucurbit[8]uril-Mediated Polypseudorotaxane for Enhanced Lanthanide Luminescence Behavior in Water.

A novel supramolecular polypseudorotaxane was successfully constructed with pseudo[3]rotaxanes between pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid imidazolium (G) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and the subsequent coordination with lanthanide ions. Significantly, compared with the pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid imidazolium complex G@Tb, CB[8]-mediated polypseudorotaxane CB[8]@G@Tb not only displayed enhanced lanthanide luminescence behavior with a 29.1-fold time enhancement (from 45.

Photo-responsive cyclodextrin/anthracene/Eu supramolecular assembly for a tunable photochromic multicolor cell label and fluorescent ink.

A photo-responsive supramolecular assembly was successfully constructed through the stoichiometric 2 : 1 non-covalent association of two 4-(anthracen-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid () units in one γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) cavity, followed by the subsequent coordination polymerization of the γ-CD· ( = two ) inclusion complex with Eu(iii). Interestingly, owing to the photodimerization behavior of anthracene units and the excellent luminescence properties of Eu(iii), the Eu⊂γ-CD· system showed multicolor fluorescence emission from cyan to red by irradiation for 0-16 minutes. Moreover, white light emission with CIE coordinates (0.

Carbon Nitride Supramolecular Hybrid Material Enabled High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Water Treatments.

Surface defects in relation to surface compositions, morphology, and active sites play crucial roles in photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) material for highly reactive oxygen radicals production. Here, we report a high-efficiency carbon nitride supramolecular hybrid material prepared by patching the surface defects with inorganic clusters. Fe (III) {PO[WO(O)]} clusters have been noncovalently integrated on surface of g-CN, where the surface defects provide accommodation sites for these clusters and driving forces for self-assembly.

Reproductive characteristics of a Populus euphratica population and prospects for its restoration in China.

Populus euphratica is a dominant tree in riparian ecosystems in arid areas of northwest China, but it fails to regenerate in these systems. This study evaluates causes for the failure of sexual and asexual regeneration of this species in the wild. P.

Morphology control of the produced Ag nanoparticles by soft-template technique.

The morphology of the produced Ag nanoparticle is controlled successfully by UV irradiating the reaction solution of AgAc/ethyl alcohol/1-octadeconal/1-dodecanethiol. With use of a novel solution such as soft template, Ag nanorods with different sizes and different ratios of length to diameter can be obtained by adjusting the concentrations of the solution compositions.