Surgical outcomes in sensory exotropia.

Purpose: To determine success rates over time for strabismus surgery for sensory exotropia and to determine factors associated with successful outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with sensory exotropia (best-corrected visual acuity ≤20/200 in the affected eye) who underwent strabismus surgery between May 2009 and December 2019. Patients with paralytic/restrictive exotropia and patients who did not follow up postoperatively were excluded.

Preliminary evaluation of dual-energy CT to quantitatively assess bone marrow edema in patients with diabetic foot ulcers and suspected osteomyelitis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of dual-energy CT (DECT) with virtual non-calcium (VNCa) in quantitatively assessing the presence of bone marrow edema (BME) in patients with diabetic foot ulcers and suspected osteomyelitis.

Methods: Patients with a diabetic foot ulcer and suspected osteomyelitis that underwent DECT (80 kVp/Sn150 kVp) with VNCa were retrospectively included. Two observers independently measured CT values of the bone adjacent to the ulcer and a reference bone not related to the ulcer.

Clinical characteristics and ophthalmic management of a rare disease cohort of patients with trisomy 13.

Trisomy 13 is associated with a variety of ocular findings. As more children with trisomy 13 survive beyond their first year of life, early identification and awareness of associated ocular manifestations is increasingly important. This retrospective case series of 5 patients with trisomy 13 expands on what is known about the complex ocular findings associated with the condition and describes their clinical management, with a mean follow-up of 2 years.

Population-Weighted Seroprevalence From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, Vaccination, and Hybrid Immunity Among US Blood Donations From January to December 2021.

Background: Previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, independently and combined ("hybrid immunity"), result in partial protection from subsequent infection and strong protection from severe disease. Proportions of the US population who have been infected, vaccinated, or have hybrid immunity remain unclear, posing a challenge for assessing effective pandemic mitigation strategies.

Methods: In this serial cross-sectional study, nationwide blood donor specimens collected during January-December 2021 were tested for anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies, and donor COVID-19 vaccination history of ≥1 dose was collected.

UV surface disinfection in a wearable drug delivery device.

The advent of recombinant DNA technology fundamentally altered the drug discovery landscape, replacing traditional small-molecule drugs with protein and peptide-based biologics. Being susceptible to degradation via the oral route, biologics require comparatively invasive injections, most commonly by intravenous infusion (IV). Significant academic and industrial efforts are underway to replace IV transport with subcutaneous delivery by wearable infusion devices.

Application of the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) criteria at a tertiary referral hospital.

Background: Application of current retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening criteria results in many unnecessary examinations, because only 5%-10% of infants screened require treatment. Application of screening criteria established by the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity Study could significantly reduce unnecessary examinations without sacrificing sensitivity to detect treatment-requiring ROP. We evaluated the performance of the G-ROP criteria in a population of high-risk, outborn infants.

Statin use is associated with a reduced incidence of colorectal cancer expressing SMAD4.

Background: Long-term use of statins is associated with a small reduced risk of colorectal cancer but their mechanism of action is not well understood. While they are generally believed to act on KRAS, we have previously proposed that they act via influencing the BMP pathway. The objective of this study was to look for associations between statin use and the risk of developing colorectal cancer of a particular molecular subtype.

Production in Michigan: Factors and Trends Driving Cultivation Patterns.

Vinifera cultivation is a thriving and growing industry across the state of Michigan (MI), United States. Extensive time, funds, and effort have been applied by the industry to promote growth and the onset of new producers. Specifically, wine grapes, which have been cultivated in MI since the 1970s, have seen a rapid expansion and investment from both first-time and legacy growers.

Comparison of Two Photoscreeners in a Population of Syrian Refugee Children.

Purpose: To evaluate children in the Za'atari refugee camp in Jordan to better understand the prevalence of ocular pathology and to compare two photoscreening devices to evaluate their utility.

Methods: Families at the Syrian American Medical Society Clinic were offered vision screening for children aged 1 to 18 years. Participants were offered visual acuity measurement and photoscreening with two devices approved for use in the United States.

Imaging of Pediatric Lower Limb Sports Injuries.

The importance of physical activity during childhood and adolescence has come to light, with an increase in sports-related acute traumatic and overuse injuries as a major disadvantage. A solid understanding of the physiology of the growing skeleton, together with knowledge about age- and sex-related differences in the occurrence of acute traumatic and overuse injuries is necessary. Every musculoskeletal radiologist should also be familiar with the appearances of these injuries on different imaging modalities.

[Autoptical display of the nasopharyngeal space in cases of suspected SARS-Co2 infection].

This paper deals with a dissection technique in order to display the nasopharyngeal space. It consists of a parafrontal saw cut through the base of the skull at the level of the sella turcica. In this way the ventral part of the nasopharyngeal space can be separated from the cervical spine and the posterior base of the skull within an anatomically preformed border region.

Conjunctival incision management for strabismus surgery in the post-corneal neurotization patient.

We report 2 patients who underwent strabismus surgery following corneal neurotization for neurotrophic keratopathy. Strabismus surgery in such cases presents unique challenges because of the potentially complicated motility problems arising from underlying neurologic or orbital processes. We consider the management of conjunctival incisions for strabismus surgery in these patients.

Outcomes of Bilateral Cataract Surgery in Infants 7 to 24 Months of Age Using the Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Treatment Study Registry.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of bilateral cataract surgery in children aged 7 to 24 months and compare rates of adverse events (AEs) with other Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Study (TAPS) registry outcomes.

Design: Retrospective clinical study at 10 Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) sites. Statistical analyses comparing this cohort with previously reported TAPS registry cohorts.

Outcomes of Bilateral Cataracts Removed in Infants 1 to 7 Months of Age Using the Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Treatment Study Registry.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of bilateral cataract surgery in infants 1 to 7 months of age performed by Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) investigators during IATS recruitment and to compare them with IATS unilateral outcomes.

Design: Retrospective case series review at 10 IATS sites.

Participants: The Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Study (TAPS) is a registry of children treated by surgeons who participated in the IATS.

Outcomes of Unilateral Cataracts in Infants and Toddlers 7 to 24 Months of Age: Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Study (TAPS).

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of unilateral cataract surgery in children 7 to 24 months of age.

Design: Retrospective case series at 10 Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) sites.

Participants: The Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Study is a registry of children treated by surgeons who participated in the IATS.

Reduction of routine radiographs in the follow-up of distal radius and ankle fractures: Barriers and facilitators perceived by orthopaedic trauma surgeons.

Rationale, Aims, And Objectives: Studies suggest that routine radiographs during follow-up of distal radius and ankle fractures result in increased radiation exposure and health care costs, without influencing treatment strategies. Encouraging clinicians to omit these routine radiographs is challenging, and little is known about barriers and facilitators that influence this omission. Therefore, this study aims to identify barriers and facilitators among orthopaedic trauma surgeons that might prove valuable towards the design of a deimplementation strategy.

Routine Follow-Up Radiographs for Ankle Fractures Seldom Add Value to Clinical Decision-Making: A Retrospective, Observational Study.

Currently, the routine use of radiographs for uncomplicated ankle fractures represents good clinical practice. However, radiographs are associated with waiting time, radiation exposure, and costs. Studies have suggested that radiographs seldom alter the treatment strategy if no clinical indication for the imaging study was present.

Functional bracing treatment for stable type B ankle fractures.

Background: In general, stable type B ankle fractures are treated conservatively with cast immobilization or a walking boot during six weeks. Some disadvantages of casting are joint stiffness, muscle wasting and lack of comfort. This study was designed to evaluate whether functional treatment with a removable brace is a safe and more comfortable alternative.

The additional value of gravity stress radiographs in predicting deep deltoid ligament integrity in supination external rotation ankle fractures.

Objectives: Goal of this study was to investigate whether a gravity stress radiograph is beneficial in determining instability in Supination-External rotation (SER)-type ankle fractures without a medial fracture.

Methods: 39 Patients with a SER-type ankle fracture without a medial or posterior fracture and medial clear space (MCS) < 6 mm at regular mortise view were included. A gravity stress radiograph and Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI)-scan were made.

Routine follow-up radiographs for distal radius fractures are seldom clinically substantiated.

Introduction: The value of routine radiographs during follow-up after distal radius fractures is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether routine radiographs performed during the follow-up period in patients with a distal radius fracture influenced clinical decision making.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥18 years who were treated for a distal radius fracture at four hospitals in The Netherlands in 2012.

Radiographic fracture features predicting failure of internal fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures.

Introduction: Fixation-related complications of displaced femoral neck fractures treated by internal fixation are accompanied by high mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study is to investigate the pre- and postoperative radiographic fracture characteristics in relation to patient age and the occurrence of reoperation caused by fixation failure.

Methods: The preoperative radiographs of all patients presenting with a proximal femur fracture between January 2004 and December 2012 were retrospectively assessed for fracture type and dislocation (AP and lateral view).

A Cyst You Can't Miss: A Rare Presentation of an Orbital Apocrine Hidrocystoma.

Apocrine hidrocystomas are benign cystic lesions derived from the sweat glands of Moll and seldom found in the orbit. The authors present a case of a 41-year-old healthy man, with no prior medical history, referred for a painless enlarging mass, medial to his right upper eyelid for the past 3 months. Computed tomography showed a well-defined cystic lesion localized in the supero-medial anterior orbit.