Upper limb movement quality measures: comparing IMUs and optical motion capture in stroke patients performing a drinking task.

Introduction: Clinical assessment of upper limb sensorimotor function post-stroke is often constrained by low sensitivity and limited information on movement quality. To address this gap, recent studies proposed a standardized instrumented drinking task, as a representative daily activity combining different components of functional arm use. Although kinematic movement quality measures for this task are well-established, and optical motion capture (OMC) has proven effective in their measurement, its clinical application remains limited.

Global Alliance for the Promotion of Physical Activity: the Hamburg Declaration.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression and cancers, are on the rise worldwide and are often associated with a lack of physical activity (PA). Globally, the levels of PA among individuals are below WHO recommendations. A lack of PA can increase morbidity and mortality, worsen the quality of life and increase the economic burden on individuals and society.

Reduction in Radiologist Interpretation Time of Serial CT and MR Imaging Findings with Deep Learning Identification of Relevant Priors, Series and Finding Locations.

Rationale And Objectives: Finding comparison to relevant prior studies is a requisite component of the radiology workflow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a deep learning tool simplifying this time-consuming task by automatically identifying and displaying the finding in relevant prior studies.

Materials And Methods: The algorithm pipeline used in this retrospective study, TimeLens (TL), is based on natural language processing and descriptor-based image-matching algorithms.

Diagnostic accuracy of automated ACR BI-RADS breast density classification using deep convolutional neural networks.

Objectives: High breast density is a well-known risk factor for breast cancer. This study aimed to develop and adapt two (MLO, CC) deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) for automatic breast density classification on synthetic 2D tomosynthesis reconstructions.

Methods: In total, 4605 synthetic 2D images (1665 patients, age: 57 ± 37 years) were labeled according to the ACR (American College of Radiology) density (A-D).

Visual and quantitative assessment of hip implant-related metal artifacts at low field MRI: a phantom study comparing a 0.55-T system with 1.5-T and 3-T systems.

Background: To investigate hip implant-related metal artifacts on a 0.55-T system compared with 1.5-T and 3-T systems.

Automated lung cancer assessment on 18F-PET/CT using Retina U-Net and anatomical region segmentation.

Objectives: To develop and test a Retina U-Net algorithm for the detection of primary lung tumors and associated metastases of all stages on FDG-PET/CT.

Methods: A data set consisting of 364 FDG-PET/CTs of patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer was used for algorithm development and internal testing. The data set comprised tumors of all stages.

State-of-the-art CT and MR imaging and assessment of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease: standardization of scanning protocols and measurements-a consensus document by the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR).

The European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) is the European specialist society of cardiac and vascular imaging. This society's highest priority is the continuous improvement, development, and standardization of education, training, and best medical practice, based on experience and evidence. The present intra-society consensus is based on the existing scientific evidence and on the individual experience of the members of the ESCR writing group on carotid diseases, the members of the ESCR guidelines committee, and the members of the executive committee of the ESCR.

State-of-the-art CT and MR imaging and assessment of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease: the reporting-a consensus document by the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR).

The European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) is the European specialist society of cardiac and vascular imaging. This society's highest priority is the continuous improvement, development, and standardization of education, training, and best medical practice, based on experience and evidence. The present intra-society consensus is based on the existing scientific evidence and on the individual experience of the members of the ESCR writing group on carotid diseases, the members of the ESCR guidelines committee, and the members of the executive committee of the ESCR.

Automated quantification of airway wall thickness on chest CT using retina U-Nets - Performance evaluation and application to a large cohort of chest CTs of COPD patients.

Purpose: Airway wall thickening is a consequence of chronic inflammatory processes and usually only qualitatively described in CT radiology reports. The purpose of this study is to automatically quantify airway wall thickness in multiple airway generations and assess the diagnostic potential of this parameter in a large cohort of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included a series of unenhanced chest CTs.

Automated Detection, Segmentation, and Classification of Pleural Effusion From Computed Tomography Scans Using Machine Learning.

Objective: This study trained and evaluated algorithms to detect, segment, and classify simple and complex pleural effusions on computed tomography (CT) scans.

Materials And Methods: For detection and segmentation, we randomly selected 160 chest CT scans out of all consecutive patients (January 2016-January 2021, n = 2659) with reported pleural effusion. Effusions were manually segmented and a negative cohort of chest CTs from 160 patients without effusions was added.

Automated Detection, Segmentation, and Classification of Pericardial Effusions on Chest CT Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network.

Pericardial effusions (PEFs) are often missed on Computed Tomography (CT), which particularly affects the outcome of patients presenting with hemodynamic compromise. An automatic PEF detection, segmentation, and classification tool would expedite and improve CT based PEF diagnosis; 258 CTs with (206 with simple PEF, 52 with hemopericardium) and without PEF (each 134 with contrast, 124 non-enhanced) were identified using the radiology report (01/2016−01/2021). PEF were manually 3D-segmented.

Utilization of Artificial Intelligence-based Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection on Emergent Noncontrast CT Images in Clinical Workflow.

Authors implemented an artificial intelligence (AI)-based detection tool for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on noncontrast CT images into an emergent workflow, evaluated its diagnostic performance, and assessed clinical workflow metrics compared with pre-AI implementation. The finalized radiology report constituted the ground truth for the analysis, and CT examinations ( = 4450) before and after implementation were retrieved using various keywords for ICH. Diagnostic performance was assessed, and mean values with their respective 95% CIs were reported to compare workflow metrics (report turnaround time, communication time of a finding, consultation time of another specialty, and turnaround time in the emergency department).

MRI lung lobe segmentation in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients using a recurrent neural network trained with publicly accessible CT datasets.

Purpose: To introduce a widely applicable workflow for pulmonary lobe segmentation of MR images using a recurrent neural network (RNN) trained with chest CT datasets. The feasibility is demonstrated for 2D coronal ultrafast balanced SSFP (ufSSFP) MRI.

Methods: Lung lobes of 250 publicly accessible CT datasets of adults were segmented with an open-source CT-specific algorithm.

Automated lung vessel segmentation reveals blood vessel volume redistribution in viral pneumonia.

Purpose: It is known from histology studies that lung vessels are affected in viral pneumonia. However, their diagnostic potential as a chest CT imaging parameter has only rarely been exploited. The purpose of this study is to develop a robust method for automated lung vessel segmentation and morphology analysis and apply it to a large chest CT dataset.

Case Report: Reconstruction of a Large Maxillary Defect With an Engineered, Vascularized, Prefabricated Bone Graft.

The reconstruction of complex midface defects is a challenging clinical scenario considering the high anatomical, functional, and aesthetic requirements. In this study, we proposed a surgical treatment to achieve improved oral rehabilitation and anatomical and functional reconstruction of a complex defect of the maxilla with a vascularized, engineered composite graft. The patient was a 39-year-old female, postoperative after left hemimaxillectomy for ameloblastic carcinoma in 2010 and tumor-free at the 5-year oncological follow-up.

Fully automated guideline-compliant diameter measurements of the thoracic aorta on ECG-gated CT angiography using deep learning.

Background: Manually performed diameter measurements on ECG-gated CT-angiography (CTA) represent the gold standard for diagnosis of thoracic aortic dilatation. However, they are time-consuming and show high inter-reader variability. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of measurements of a deep learning-(DL)-algorithm in comparison to those of radiologists and evaluated measurement times (MT).

Deep learning-based automated detection of pulmonary embolism on CT pulmonary angiograms: No significant effects on report communication times and patient turnaround in the emergency department nine months after technical implementation.

Objectives: Rapid communication of CT exams positive for pulmonary embolism (PE) is crucial for timely initiation of anticoagulation and patient outcome. It is unknown if deep learning automated detection of PE on CT Pulmonary Angiograms (CTPA) in combination with worklist prioritization and an electronic notification system (ENS) can improve communication times and patient turnaround in the Emergency Department (ED).

Methods: In 01/2019, an ENS allowing direct communication between radiology and ED was installed.

Automated Detection of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions on CT Using Deep Learning.

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL) are a frequent and underreported incidental finding on CT scans and can transform into neoplasms with devastating consequences. We developed and evaluated an algorithm based on a two-step nnU-Net architecture for automated detection of PCL on CTs. A total of 543 cysts on 221 abdominal CTs were manually segmented in 3D by a radiology resident in consensus with a board-certified radiologist specialized in abdominal radiology.

Chitin Deacetylases Are Required for Endophytic Cell Wall Remodeling During Establishment of a Mutualistic Symbiotic Interaction with .

forms a mutualistic symbiotic association with . This biotrophic fungus systemically colonizes the intercellular spaces of aerial tissues to form an endophytic hyphal network and also grows as an epiphyte. However, little is known about the cell wall-remodeling mechanisms required to avoid host defense and maintain intercalary growth within the host.

Evaluation of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis on the basis of quantitative T1 mapping: Are acute inflammation, age and liver volume confounding factors?

Purpose: To evaluate potential confounding factors in the quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis using T1 relaxation times.

Methods: The study population is based on a radiology-information-system database search for abdominal MRI performed from July 2018 to April 2019 at our institution. After applying exclusion criteria 200 (59 ± 16 yrs) remaining patients were retrospectively included.

Automated CT Lung Density Analysis of Viral Pneumonia and Healthy Lungs Using Deep Learning-Based Segmentation, Histograms and HU Thresholds.

CT patterns of viral pneumonia are usually only qualitatively described in radiology reports. Artificial intelligence enables automated and reliable segmentation of lungs with chest CT. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to derive meaningful imaging biomarkers reflecting CT patterns of viral pneumonia and assess their potential to discriminate between healthy lungs and lungs with viral pneumonia.

Lethal COVID-19: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of the Lungs.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to correlate CT patterns of fatal cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with postmortem pathology observations.

Materials And Methods: The study included 70 lung lobes of 14 patients who died of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19. All patients underwent antemortem CT and autopsy between March 9 and April 30, 2020.