Cancer associated fibroblasts and metabolic reprogramming: unraveling the intricate crosstalk in tumor evolution.

Metabolic reprogramming provides tumors with an energy source and biofuel to support their survival in the malignant microenvironment. Extensive research into the intrinsic oncogenic mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has established that cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs) and metabolic reprogramming regulates tumor progression through numerous biological activities, including tumor immunosuppression, chronic inflammation, and ecological niche remodeling. Specifically, immunosuppressive TME formation is promoted and mediators released via CAFs and multiple immune cells that collectively support chronic inflammation, thereby inducing pre-metastatic ecological niche formation, and ultimately driving a vicious cycle of tumor proliferation and metastasis.

Hypoxia-induced epigenetic regulation of miR-485-3p promotes stemness and chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis.

The mechanism of hypoxia in chemoresistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains elusive. In this study, we revealed the essential role of miR-485-3p in PDAC, particularly its impact on cancer stemness and gemcitabine resistance under hypoxic conditions. We found substantial downregulation of miR-485-3p in PDAC tissues, with lower expression correlating to poor patient outcomes.

A Survey on Differential Privacy for Medical Data Analysis.

Machine learning methods promote the sustainable development of wise information technology of medicine (WITMED), and a variety of medical data brings high value and convenience to medical analysis. However, the applications of medical data have also been confronted with the risk of privacy leakage that is hard to avoid, especially when conducting correlation analysis or data sharing among multiple institutions. Data security and privacy preservation have recently played an essential role in the field of secure and private medical data analysis, where many differential privacy strategies are applied to medical data publishing and mining.

Advances in TRPV6 inhibitors for tumors by targeted therapies: Macromolecular proteins, synthetic small molecule compounds, and natural compounds.

TRPV6, a Ca-selective member of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family, plays a key role in extracellular calcium transport, calcium ion reuptake, and maintenance of a local low calcium environment. An increasing number of studies have shown that TRPV6 is involved in the regulation of various diseases. Notably, overexpression of TRPV6 is closely related to the occurrence of various cancers.

TDCAU-Net: retinal vessel segmentation using transformer dilated convolutional attention-based U-Net method.

Retinal vessel segmentation plays a vital role in the medical field, facilitating the identification of numerous chronic conditions based on retinal vessel images. These conditions include diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, glaucoma, and others. Although the U-Net model has shown promising results in retinal vessel segmentation, it tends to struggle with fine branching and dense vessel segmentation.

TREATMENT OF COMATOSE SURVIVORS OF IN-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST WITH EXTENDED ENDOVASCULAR COOLING METHOD FOR 72 H: A PROPENSITY SCORE-MATCHED ANALYSIS.

Aims: Targeted temperature management is recommended for at least 24 h in comatose survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) after the return of spontaneous circulation; however, whether an extension for 72 h leads to better neurological outcomes is uncertain. Methods: We included data from the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between July 20, 2019, and June 30, 2022. Unconscious patients who had return of spontaneous circulation lasting >20 consecutive min and received endovascular cooling (72 h) or normothermia treatment were compared in terms of survival-to-discharge and favorable neurological survival.

Manipulation of Spin-Orbit Torque in Tungsten Oxide/Manganite Heterostructure by Ionic Liquid Gating and Orbit Engineering.

Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is the interaction between electron's spin and orbital motion, which could realize a charge-to-spin current conversion and enable an innovative method to switch the magnetization by spin-orbit torque (SOT). Varied techniques have been developed to manipulate and improve the SOT, but the role of the orbit degree of freedom, which should have a crucial bearing on the SOC and SOT, is still confusing. Here, we find that the charge-to-spin current conversion and SOT in WO/(La, Sr)MnO could be produced or eliminated by ionic liquid gating.

Demodulation of the overlapping reflection spectrum of serial FBGs based on a weighted differential evolution algorithm.

This study addresses the wavelength demodulation problem of the overlapping reflection spectrum of serial fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with nearly-identical wavelength. Specifically, a novel demodulation model for the overlapping reflection spectrum was presented based on spectrum similarity, and this model encodes FBGs through reflectivity. Subsequently, a weighted differential evolution algorithm was employed to calculate the FBG wavelengths.

Analysis of the effect of PCR testing and antigen testing on controlling the transmission for Omicron based on different scenarios.

After the policy adjustment, China no longer carries out COVID-19 PCR testing for all people, and antigen testing has become the main way to detect and manage infectious sources. We developed a dynamic model to evaluate and compare the effects between PCR and antigen testing for controlling the pandemic. Due to the increase of contact degree, the peak reduction effect of PCR testing in population is lower than that of antigen testing.

MCSF-Net: a multi-scale channel spatial fusion network for real-time polyp segmentation.

Colorectal cancer is a globally prevalent cancer type that necessitates prompt screening. Colonoscopy is the established diagnostic technique for identifying colorectal polyps. However, missed polyp rates remain a concern.

ECTransNet: An Automatic Polyp Segmentation Network Based on Multi-scale Edge Complementary.

Colonoscopy is acknowledged as the foremost technique for detecting polyps and facilitating early screening and prevention of colorectal cancer. In clinical settings, the segmentation of polyps from colonoscopy images holds paramount importance as it furnishes critical diagnostic and surgical information. Nevertheless, the precise segmentation of colon polyp images is still a challenging task owing to the varied sizes and morphological features of colon polyps and the indistinct boundary between polyps and mucosa.

Control of Compensation Temperature in CoGd Films through Hydrogen and Oxygen Migration under Gate Voltage.

Electrical control of magnetic properties is crucial for low-energy memory and logic spintronic devices. We find that the magnetic properties of ferrimagnetic CoGd can be altered through ionic liquid gating. Gate voltages manipulate the opposite magnetic moments in Co and Gd sublattices and induce a giant magnetic compensation temperature change of more than 200 K in Pt/CoGd/Pt heterostructures.

ABI5 promotes heat stress-induced chlorophyll degradation by modulating the stability of MYB44 in cucumber.

The yellowing of leaves caused by the decomposition of chlorophyll (Chl) is a characteristic event during senescence, which can be induced by various environmental stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms of high temperature-induced Chl degradation in horticultural plants remain poorly understood. Here, we found that heat stress induced Chl degradation and the expression of and in cucumber.

The benefits of neoadjuvant therapy for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) was effective in improving overall survival (OS) of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. However, its application in resectable pancreatic cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether NAT has a greater advantage over conventional upfront surgery (US) in terms of resection rate, R0 resection rate, positive lymph node rate, and OS.

Electrical Control of Spin Hall Efficiency and Field-Free Magnetization Switching in W/Pt/Co/Pt Heterostructures with Competing Spin Currents.

Reversal of magnetization via current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) is one of the core issues in spintronics. However, an in-plane assistant field is usually required for the deterministic switching of a perpendicularly magnetized system. Additionally, the efficiency of SOT is low, which is detrimental to device applications.

Review: Acetylation mechanisms and targeted therapies in cardiac fibrosis.

Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiological remodeling process that occurs in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and greatly influences heart structure and function, progressively leading to the development of heart failure. However, to date, few effective therapies for cardiac fibrosis exist. Abnormal proliferation, differentiation, and migration of cardiac fibroblasts are responsible for the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the myocardium.

Model-based risk assessment of dengue fever transmission in Xiamen City, China.

Background: Quantitative assessment of the risk of local transmission from imported dengue cases makes a great challenge to the development of public health in China. The purpose of this study is to observe the risk of mosquito-borne transmission in Xiamen City through ecological and insecticide resistance monitoring. Quantitative evaluation of mosquito insecticide resistance, community population and the number of imported cases affecting the transmission of dengue fever (DF) in Xiamen was carried out based on transmission dynamics model, so as to reveal the correlation between key risk factors and DF transmission.

A comparative study on the three calculation methods for reproduction numbers of COVID-19.

Objective: This study uses four COVID-19 outbreaks as examples to calculate and compare merits and demerits, as well as applicational scenarios, of three methods for calculating reproduction numbers.

Method: The epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreaks are described. Through the definition method, the next-generation matrix-based method, and the epidemic curve and serial interval ()-based method, corresponding reproduction numbers were obtained and compared.

Enhanced Spin Current in Ni Fe /Cu-CuO Bilayer with Top and Sideways Oxidization.

Generation and manipulation of spin current are the cores of spintronic devices, which are intensely pursued. Heavy metals with strong spin-orbit coupling are commonly used for the generation of spin current, but are incompatible with the mass production of devices, and the polarization of spin current is limited to be in-plane. Here, it is shown that the spin current with strong out-of-plane polarization component can be generated and transmitted in Ni Fe /Cu-CuO bilayer with sideways and top oxidizations.

Switchable Giant Bulk Photocurrents and Photo-spin-currents in Monolayer PT-Symmetric Antiferromagnet MnPSe.

Converting light into steady currents and spin-currents in two-dimensional (2D) platform is essential for future energy harvesting and spintronics. We show that the giant and modulable bulk photovoltaic effects (BPVEs) can be achieved in air-stable 2D antiferromagnet (AFM) monolayer MnPSe, with nonlinear photoconductance >4000 nm·μA/V and photo-spin-conductance >2000 (nm·μA/V/2e) in the visible spectrum. The propagation and the spin-polarizations of photocurrents can be switched via simply rotating the Néel vector.

Age-specific transmission dynamic of mumps: A long-term large-scale modeling study in Jilin Province, China.

Objectives: Despite the adoption of a new childhood immunization program in China, the incidence of mumps remains high. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Jilin Province from 2005 to 2019 and to assess the transmissibility of mumps virus among the whole population and different subgroups by regions and age groups.

Methods: The Non-age-specific and age-specific Susceptible-Exposed-Pre-symptomatic-Infectious-Asymptomatic-Recovered (SEPIAR) models were fitted to actual mumps incidence data.

Application of logistic differential equation models for early warning of infectious diseases in Jilin Province.

Background: There is still a relatively serious disease burden of infectious diseases and the warning time for different infectious diseases before implementation of interventions is important. The logistic differential equation models can be used for predicting early warning of infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to compare the disease fitting effects of the logistic differential equation (LDE) model and the generalized logistic differential equation (GLDE) model for the first time using data on multiple infectious diseases in Jilin Province and to calculate the early warning signals for different types of infectious diseases using these two models in Jilin Province to solve the disease early warning schedule for Jilin Province throughout the year.

CsPAO2 Improves Salt Tolerance of Cucumber through the Interaction with CsPSA3 by Affecting Photosynthesis and Polyamine Conversion.

Polyamine oxidases (PAOs) are key enzymes in polyamine metabolism and are related to the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses. In this study, overexpression of cucumber ( L.) () in Arabidopsis resulted in increased activity of the antioxidant enzyme and accelerated conversion from Put to Spd and Spm, while malondialdehyde content (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL) was decreased when compared with wild type, leading to enhanced plant growth under salt stress.