Risk factors for elevated serum colorectal cancer markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The study aims to examine the risk factors for increased colorectal cancer (CRC) markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The 229 patients retrospectively reviewed were categorized into two groups: CRC tumor marker-positive and -negative groups. Patients who tested positive for all three of the following CRC markers were included in the CRC tumor marker-positive group: serum carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and septin9 methylation.

Individual and joint association of bioavailable testosterone and aging with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men.

Background And Objectives: Accumulating evidences suggest that chronic systemic inflammation (CSI) is independently associated with large number of major non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) ranging from metabolic disorders to cancers, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been accepted as a novel, convenient marker for CSI response. Testosterone deficiency in men is linked to high risk of NCDs. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the individual and joint association of bioavailable testosterone (BIOT) and aging with NLR.

Associations between Vitamin D and β-Cell Function and Colorectal Cancer-Associated Tumor Markers in Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Albuminuria.

Background: This study is to investigate the protective effects of vitamin D in T2DM, as well as the associations between serum calcifediol level and β-cell function, and risk of CRC, in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with albuminuria.

Methods: Serum calcifediol levels were analyzed and compared among healthy individuals and T2DM patients stratified by albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). Relative correlation analyses were performed with β-cell function (BCF) and risk of CRC.

Cyclic Cushing's syndrome caused by neuroendocrine tumor: a case report.

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hypercortisolemia. Cyclic Cushing's syndrome (CCS), which exhibits a periodic or irregular increasing pattern in cortisol, is a rare type of Cushing's syndrome. A 37-year-old man came to our hospital because of repeated dizzy spells, weakness and hypercortisolemia lasting two weeks.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates high glucose-induced pancreatic β-cells oxidative damage via inhibiting JNK/c-jun signaling pathway.

Pancreatic β-cells apoptosis and dysfunction induced by glucose toxicity were attributed to the formation of excess oxidative damage. Some studies have found that hydroxysafflor yellow A has strong effects to scavenge oxidative stress and inhibit apoptosis. In order to explore the influence of HSYA on oxidative stress induced by high glucose and the potential mechanisms, we set up a high glucose damage model and induced oxidative stress in INS-1 rat insulinoma cells.

The role of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signal pathway in diabetic retinopathy oxidative stress and related mechanisms.

Objective: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one severe complication of diabetes, and involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced under oxidative stress (OS) conditions. Keap1-Nrf2-ARE is one important endogenous anti-OS signal pathway. This study generated a type 2 DR rat model, on which expression of Nrf2/ARE pathway related proteins were measured to investigate functional role and mechanism of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signal pathway in DR.

A 3-year follow-up study of β-cell function in patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes.

Insulin resistance and reduced β-cell glucose sensitivity are present in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the changes in β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes during a 3-year follow-up study. A total of 48 patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD) and 55 patients with late-onset type 2 diabetes (LOD) were enrolled.

Epidemiological characteristics of thyroid nodules and risk factors for malignant nodules: a retrospective study from 6,304 surgical cases.

Background: The prevalence of thyroid nodules (TN) is increasing rapidly. This study analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of TN in surgically treated patients and identified the risk factors for malignant nodules (MN) to provide more understanding of the differential diagnosis of TN.

Methods: A total of 6 304 TN cases who underwent thyroid surgery were included in this retrospective study.

Effects of glucose and insulin on the H9c2 (2-1) cell proliferation may be mediated through regulating glucose transporter 4 expression.

Background: The change of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression could influence glucose uptake in the myocardial cells and then effect myocardial metabolism, which maybe one of the factor for the diabetes cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to explore the influence of glucose and insulin at different concentrations on H9c2 (2-1) cell proliferation and its GLUT4 expression in vitro, and evaluate the correlation between myocardial cells proliferation and GLUT4 expression. This might be helpful for understanding the relationship between glucose metabolism and cardiovascular disease.

Basal insulin therapy strategy is superior to premixed insulin therapy in the perioperative period blood glucose management.

Background: The probability and risk of operations increase in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. For diabetic patients, blood glucose control is a key factor to improving the prognosis of surgery. During perioperative period, insulin therapy is usually advised to be used for surgical patients with type 2 diabetes.

Chemerin and apelin are positively correlated with inflammation in obese type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: As two novel adipocytokines, chemerin and apelin play a key role in the pathological process of insulin resistance (IR), glucose metabolism and obesity, researchers have found that the levels of chemerin and apelin changed significantly in type 2 diabetic patients with obesity, however, the underlying mechanism involved remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chemerin and apelin play an important role in the pathophysiologic proceeding of diabetes.

Methods: This study enrolled 81 newly diagnosed obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (T2DM group, n = 81).

[A genetic and clinical study in a family with familial hypercholesterolemia].

Objective: To investigate the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene and apolipoprotein (Apo) B gene mutation in a Chinese family with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and give the kindreds clinical check-ups.

Methods: After physical examination, the kindreds underwent ECG and ultrasound checks. Blood samples were tested for lipid profiles.

Dynamic expression of glucose transporters 1 and 3 in the brain of diabetic rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion.

Background: Blood glucose control improves the outcome of diabetic patients with stroke, but the target range of blood glucose control remains controversial. The functional recruitment of ischemia penumbra is extremely important to the recovery after stroke. The present study aimed to explore the expression of brain-type glucose transporters (GLUT1 and GLUT3) in cerebral ischemic penumbra at different blood glucose levels and different ischemic-reperfusion time in diabetic hypoxia-ischemia rats.

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for diabetes through paracrine mechanisms.

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disorder characterized by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta-cells through autoimmune assault. Insulin replacement is the current main therapeutic approach. In recent years, several studies have showed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation can improve the metabolic profiles of diabetic animal models.

[Clinical evaluation of efficacy and safety of nateglinide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nateglinide, a new antidiabetic agent, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 219 treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes from 6 centers were enrolled in this study and blindly divided into nateglinide group (n = 105) and repaglinide group (n = 114). In all patients, the disease was confirmed for at least three months.

Influence of blood glucose on the expression of glucose trans-porter proteins 1 and 3 in the brain of diabetic rats.

Background: The delivery of glucose from the blood to the brain involves its passage across the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is mediated by the facilitative glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT(1)), and then across the neural cell membranes, which is mediated by GLUT(3). This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic influence of hyperglycemia on the expression of these GLUTs by measuring their expression in the brain at different blood glucose levels in a rat model of diabetes. This might help to determine the proper blood glucose threshold level in the treatment of diabetic apoplexy.

Adipocytokines and breast cancer risk.

Background: Many researches suggested that obesity increased the risk of breast cancer, but the mechanism was currently unknown. Adipocytokines might mediate the relationship. Our study was aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of resistin, adiponectin and leptin and the onset, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer.

Differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from diabetic patients into insulin-producing cells in vitro.

Background: Stem cells, which have the ability to differentiate into insulin-producing cells (IPCs), would provide a potentially unlimited source of islet cells for transplantation and alleviate the major limitations of availability and allogeneic rejection. Therefore, the utilization of stem cells is becoming the most promising therapy for diabetes mellitus (DM). Here, we studied the differentiation capacity of the diabetic patient's bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and tested the feasibility of using MSCs for beta-cell replacement.