Framework Nucleic Acid-Nanobody Fusion Probe-Based Pharmacokinetics Modulation and Analysis for Efficient Positron Emission Tomography Imaging.

Nanobodies are promising for immunoPET imaging due to their excellent antigen recognition and tumor targeting, yet rapid clearance limits their tumor accumulation. Although multimerization and albumin binding can extend their circulation time and improve tumor targeting, a simple and universal method for creating protein multimers is still needed. Here, we leveraged the facile synthesis, controllable size, and precise assembly of DNA nanotechnology to construct CD47-targeted framework nucleic acid-nanobody fusion probes with multiple valences and sizes.

Molecular imaging of renal cell carcinomas: ready for prime time.

The clinical diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is constantly evolving. Diagnostic imaging of RCC relying on enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used for renal mass characterization and assessment of tumour thrombosis, whereas pathology is the gold standard for establishing diagnosis. However, molecular imaging is rapidly improving the clinical management of RCC, particularly clear-cell RCC.

Immuno-PET/CT Imaging of Trop2 with [F]AlF-RESCA-T4 Differentiates Lung Cancer from Inflammation.

Immuno-PET/CT imaging, a branch of molecular imaging, can noninvasively and specifically visualize biomarker expression across the body. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is a pan-cancer biomarker and plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis through multiple signaling pathways. The study aims to develop and translate novel Trop2 single-domain antibody (sdAb) tracers for clinical use.

CD70-Targeted Immuno-PET/CT Imaging of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Translational Study.

The diagnosis and surveillance of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains a clinical challenge. The high and specific expression of the cluster of differentiation 70 (CD70) in ccRCC makes it a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target. We detected and analyzed CD70 expression in various renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and normal kidneys using immunohistochemical staining.

ImmunoPET imaging of EpCAM in solid tumours with nanobody tracers: a preclinical study.

Purpose: Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a potential therapeutic target and anchoring molecule for circulating and disseminated tumour cells (CTC/DTC) in liquid biopsy. In this study, we aimed to construct EpCAM-specific immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging probes and assess the diagnostic abilities in preclinical cancer models.

Methods: By engineering six single-domain antibodies (e.

Trends in cancer imaging.

Molecular imaging of cancer is a collaborative endeavor, uniting scientists and physicians from diverse fields. Such collaboration is actively developing and translating cutting-edge molecular imaging approaches to enhance the diagnostic landscape of human malignancies. The advent of positron emission tomography (PET) and PET imaging tracers has realized non-invasive target annotation and tumor characterization at the molecular level.

Assessment of PD-L1 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers Using [Ga]Ga-DOTA-WL12 PET/CT.

Assessing programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in metastatic cases, remains challenging. In this study, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and [Ga]Ga-DOTA-WL12 micro-PET/CT imaging are performed. [Ga]Ga-DOTA-WL12 PET/CT and [F]FDG PET/CT are performed on a cohort of 20 patients with NSCLC.

Pathway to Approval of Innovative Radiopharmaceuticals in China.

Since the late 1950s, radiopharmaceuticals have been used for diagnosis and treatment in clinical nuclear medicine in China. Over the decades, China has successfully established a relatively sophisticated system for radiopharmaceutical production and management, supported by state-of-the-art facilities. With the rapid growth of the national economy, the radiopharmaceutical market in China is expanding at a remarkable pace.

Development and Characterization of Novel FAP-Targeted Theranostic Pairs: A Bench-to-Bedside Study.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is among the most popular targets in nuclear medicine imaging and cancer theranostics. Several small-molecule moieties (FAPI-04, FAPI-46, etc.) are used for developing FAP-targeted theranostic agents.

Preclinical development of novel PD-L1 tracers and first-in-human study of [Ga]Ga-NOTA-RW102 in patients with lung cancers.

Background: The programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis critically facilitates cancer cells' immune evasion. Antibody therapeutics targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have shown remarkable efficacy in various tumors. Immuno-positron emission tomography (ImmunoPET) imaging of PD-L1 expression may help reshape solid tumors' immunotherapy landscape.

ImmunoPET imaging of Trop2 in patients with solid tumours.

Accurately predicting and selecting patients who can benefit from targeted or immunotherapy is crucial for precision therapy. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) has been extensively investigated as a pan-cancer biomarker expressed in various tumours and plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis through multiple signalling pathways. Our laboratory successfully developed two Ga-labelled nanobody tracers that can rapidly and specifically target Trop2.

ImmunoPET/CT imaging of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with [F]RCCB6: a first-in-human study.

Purpose: The cluster of differentiation (CD70) is a potential biomarker of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). This study aims to develop CD70-targeted immuno-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (immunoPET/CT) imaging tracers and explore the diagnostic value in preclinical studies and the potential value in detecting metastases in ccRCC patients.

Methods: Four novel CD70-specific single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) were produced and labelled with F by the aluminium fluoride restrained complexing agent (AlF-RESCA) method to develop radiotracers.

Site-Specific Modification of Single Domain Antibodies by Enzyme-Immobilized Magnetic Beads.

Nanobodies as imaging agents and drug conjugates have shown great potential for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. However, site-specific modification of a nanobody with microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) encounters problems in protein separation and purification. Here, we describe a facile yet reliable strategy of immobilizing mTGase onto magnetic beads for site-specific nanobody modification.

ImmunoPET imaging of Trop2 expression in solid tumors with nanobody tracers.

Purpose: The high expression of the transmembrane glycoprotein trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop2) was strongly associated with the progression of solid tumors, including pancreatic and gastric cancers. Our study aimed to construct Trop2-specific immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) probes and assess the diagnostic abilities in preclinical pancreatic and gastric cancer models.

Methods: The expression of Trop2 in pancreatic cancer was determined by single-cell sequencing and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray (TMA).

Improved [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 image qualities reconstructed by total variation regularized expectation maximization on total-body PET/CT.

Background: Total variation regularized expectation maximization (TVREM) reconstruction algorithm on the image quality of gallium (GA) prostate-specific membrane antigen-11 ([Ga]Ga-PSMA-11) total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).

Methods: Images of a phantom with small hot sphere inserts and the total-body PET/CT scans of 51 prostate cancer patients undergoing [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 were reconstructed using TVREM with 5 different penalization factors between 0.09 and 0.

Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of multiple tracers on total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Background: [F]F-FDG, [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, and [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 have achieved good results in multiple clinical trials and clinical practice, but the imaging of these tracers is limited to traditional short-axis positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Therefore, we aimed to use total-body PET/CT dynamic scanning to describe whole-body biodistribution of these three tracers and to calculate more precise radiation doses.

Methods: Total-body PET/CT (uExplorer, United Imaging Healthcare) dynamic scanning was performed on 54 patients, including 30 patients with [F]F-FDG, 10 patients with [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, and 14 patients with [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04.

ImmunoPET Imaging of CD47 with VHH-Derived Tracers in Pancreatic Cancers.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor with insidious onset, rapid progression, and a very poor prognosis. CD47 is a transmembrane protein associated with the development and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of novel immunoPET tracers targeting CD47 in preclinical pancreatic cancer models.