Revamping anti-cGAS-STING therapy via an injectable thermo-responsive supramolecular hydrogel for pathological retinal angiogenesis.

Retinal neovascularization is a leading cause of blindness. While current anti-VEGF drugs effectively inhibit pathological angiogenesis, some patients develop resistance or reduced responsiveness to treatments over time, leading to diminished effectiveness. In this study, we identified high activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, which exacerbated pathological neovascularization and vessel leakage.

Targeting Nrf2 signaling in dry eye.

Dry eye, the most common ocular surface disease, can cause ocular surface tissue damage and discomfort symptoms and seriously affect people's quality of life. The etiology of dry eye is diverse, and its pathogenesis is complex. The oxidative stress reaction is considered to be among the important factors in the pathogenesis of dry eye.

Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire.

Aim: To psychometrically validate the Chinese version of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire (DEQS-CHN) among Chinese patients with dry eye.

Methods: This study involved 231 participants, including 191 with dry eye disease (DED) comprising the dry eye disease group, and 40 healthy participants forming the control group. Participants were required to complete the DEQS-CHN, and Chinese dry eye questionnaire and undergo clinical tests including the fluorescein breakup time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and Schirmer I test.

Multifaceted mitochondrial as a novel therapeutic target in dry eye: insights and interventions.

Dry eye, recognized as the most prevalent ocular surface disorder, has risen to prominence as a significant public health issue, adversely impacting the quality of life for individuals across the globe. Despite decades of extensive research into the chronic inflammation that characterizes dry eye, the intricate mechanisms fueling this persistent inflammatory state remain incompletely understood. Among the various cellular components under investigation, mitochondria-essential for cellular energy production and homeostasis-have attracted increasing attention for their role in dry eye pathogenesis.

Unleashing Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Dry Eye: Targeting ROS and the cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway with Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids.

Dry eye affects majority of the global population, causing significant discomfort or even visual impairment, of which inflammation plays a crucial role in the deterioration process. This highlights the need for effective and safe anti-inflammatory treatments to achieve satisfactory therapeutic outcomes. This study focuses on the potential of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNA), a self-assembled nucleic acid material, as a simple and rapid treatment for oxidative stress and inflammation-induced disorders associated with dry eye.

Progranulin Facilitates Corneal Repair Through Dual Mechanisms of Inflammation Suppression and Regeneration Promotion.

The cornea serves as a vital protective barrier for the eye; however, it is prone to injury and damage that can disrupt corneal epithelium and nerves, triggering inflammation. Therefore, understanding the biological effects and molecular mechanisms involved in corneal wound healing and identifying drugs targeting these pathways is crucial for researchers in this field. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of progranulin (PGRN) in treating corneal injuries.

Branch retinal artery occlusion with congenital common carotid artery and internal carotid artery occlusion: A case report.

Purpose: To report a case of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) of the left eye combined with left congenital common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) and internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO).

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 36-year-old man presented with sudden vision loss of only the left eye without any signs or symptoms of brain diseases.

The cGAS-STING pathway-dependent sensing of mitochondrial DNA mediates ocular surface inflammation.

The innate immune response is the main pathophysiological process of ocular surface diseases exposed to multiple environmental stresses. The epithelium is central to the innate immune response, but whether and how innate immunity is initiated by ocular epithelial cells in response to various environmental stresses in ocular surface diseases, such as dry eye, is still unclear. By utilizing two classic experimental dry eye models-a mouse ocular surface treated with benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and a mouse model with surgically removed extraorbital lachrymal glands, as well as dry eye patient samples-along with human corneal epithelial cells (HCE) exposed to hyperosmolarity, we have discovered a novel innate immune pathway in ocular surface epithelial cells.

Primary Culture of Porcine Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of polarized pigmented epithelial cells, located between the choroid and neuroretina in the retina. Multiple functions, including phagocytosis, nutrient/metabolite transportation, vitamin A metabolism, etc., are conducted by the RPE on a daily basis.

Can the cGAS-STING Pathway Play a Role in the Dry Eye?

Dry eye is one of the most common ocular surface diseases in the world and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. As an immune-related disease, the mechanism of dry eye has still not been fully elucidated. The cGAS-STING pathway is a recently discovered pathway that plays an important role in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases by recognizing dsDNA.

Automatic Recognition of Ocular Surface Diseases on Smartphone Images Using Densely Connected Convolutional Networks.

Ocular surface disorder is one of common and prevalence eye diseases and complex to be recognized accurately. This work presents automatic classification of ocular surface disorders in accordance with densely connected convolutional networks and smartphone imaging. We use various smartphone cameras to collect clinical images that contain normal and abnormal, and modify end-to-end densely connected convolutional networks that use a hybrid unit to learn more diverse features, significantly reducing the network depth, the total number of parameters and the float calculation.

Common Genes Involved in Autophagy, Cellular Senescence and the Inflammatory Response in AMD and Drug Discovery Identified via Biomedical Databases.

Purpose: Retinal pigment epithelial cell autophagy dysfunction, cellular senescence, and the retinal inflammatory response are key pathogenic factors in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which has been reviewed in our previously work in 2019. This study aims to identify genes collectively involved in these three biological processes and target drugs in AMD.

Methods: The pubmed2ensembl database was used to perform text mining.

Role of CD4+ T Helper Cells in the Development of BAC-Induced Dry Eye Syndrome in Mice.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of CD4+ T helper cells in benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced ocular surface disorder in C57BL/6 mice.

Methods: Topical 0.075% BAC was applied twice daily in C57BL/6 mice for 7 consecutive days; PBS-treated and untreated mice served as controls.

Comparison of Treatment Effect and Tolerance of the Topical Application of Mizoribine and Cyclosporine A in a Mouse Dry Eye Model.

Purpose: To compare the treatment effects and tolerability of a topical application of mizoribine (MZR) and cyclosporine A (CsA) eye drops (Restasis; Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) in a mouse dry eye model.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice subjected to desiccating stress (DS) were treated with 0.

Efficacy and Safety of Eye Drops Atomization Treatment for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction-Related Dry Eye Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of eye drops (a Chinese traditional medicine) atomization treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-related dry eye disease (DED) patients.

Methods: A total of 240 eligible patients diagnosed with MGD-related DED were assigned either eye drops or placebo for atomization once daily for four weeks in a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Primary outcome evaluations used included eye symptom score (using the Chinese Dry Eye Questionnaire), meibum quality, and tear break-up time (TBUT), while safety evaluations included adverse events (AEs), visual acuity, and intraocular pressure monitoring.

High-fat diet induces dry eye-like ocular surface damages in murine.

Purpose: A high-fat diet leads to dysfunction in multiple systems of the body. Herein we investigate the effects of a high-fat diet on the ocular surface using a murine model.

Methods: Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a standard-fat diet (10 kcal% fat, SFD) or a high-fat diet (60 kcal% fat, HFD) for 1 or 3 months.

Autophagy Dysfunction, Cellular Senescence, and Abnormal Immune-Inflammatory Responses in AMD: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding disease caused by multiple factors and is the primary cause of vision loss in the elderly. The morbidity of AMD increases every year. Currently, there is no effective treatment option for AMD.

0.005% Preservative-Free Latanoprost Induces Dry Eye-Like Ocular Surface Damage via Promotion of Inflammation in Mice.

Purpose: To investigate the side effects of preservative-free 0.005% latanoprost on the murine ocular surface.

Methods: We applied 0.

Topical Application of Mizoribine Suppresses CD4+ T-cell-Mediated Pathogenesis in Murine Dry Eye.

Purpose: We investigate the effect of topical application of mizoribine (MZR) eye drops on CD4+ T-cell-mediated immunity and epithelial damage in ocular surface of dry eye disease (DED).

Methods: Topical application of MZR or vehicle eye drops was performed in mice subjected to desiccating stress (DS). The phenol red cotton test was used to measure tear production, and Oregon-green-dextran (OGD) staining was performed to assess corneal epithelial barrier function.

Therapeutic Effect of MK2 Inhibitor on Experimental Murine Dry Eye.

Purpose: To investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2) in ocular surface damage of dry eye.

Methods: MK2 inhibition was performed in mice subjected to desiccating stress (DS) by topical application of MK2 inhibitor (MK2i) or vehicle eye drops. The total and phosphorylated MK2 in conjunctiva were detected by Western blot.