Deep learning combined Monte Carlo simulation reveal the fundamental light propagation in apple puree: Monitoring the quality changes from different cultivar, storage period and heating duration.

This work explored the light propagation of purees from a large variability of apple cultivar, storage period and heating duration based on their optical absorption (μ) and reduced scattering (μ') properties at 900-1650 nm, in order to better monitor the chemical, structural and rheological parameters. The prolonged heating duration modified intensively on puree structure and rheology, and resulted significant increases of μ' at 900-1350 nm. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, the maximum light attenuation distance at 1050 nm of 'Golden Delicious' and 'Red Delicious' apple puree increased intensively from 16.

Prediction of quality traits in packaged mango by NIR spectroscopy.

Packaging with paper bags is essential for protecting mangoes during growth, but strongly berries near infrared (NIR) spectral signals used for non-invasive analysis of their internal quality. This study focused on eliminating or minimizing the interference of paper bags on the NIR spectra of mangoes and developed innovative solutions to accurately assess mango firmness (FI), dry matter content (DMC), soluble solids content (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA). Specific NIR signals at around 1150-1250 nm and 2100-2400 nm were highlighted, which significantly reduced the precision of NIR predictions for these quality traits.

Exploring the impact of lenticels on the detection of soluble solids content in apples and pears using hyperspectral imaging and one-dimensional convolutional neural networks.

In this work, the effect of lenticels on the predictive performance of apple and pear soluble solids content (SSC) models developed based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) at 380-1010 nm was investigated for the first time. Variations in the spectral properties of lenticels, pericarp, and combined lenticels and pericarp regions of interest (ROI) were analyzed using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy method (2D-COS), factor discriminant analysis (FDA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed to develop calibration models of SSC for each ROI separately.

Discrimination of unsound soybeans using hyperspectral imaging: A deep learning method based on dual-channel feature fusion strategy and attention mechanism.

The application of high-level data fusion in the detection of agricultural products still presents a significant challenge. In this study, dual-channel feature fusion model (DCFFM) with attention mechanism was proposed to optimize the utilization of both one-dimensional spectral data and two-dimensional image data in the hyperspectral images for achieving high-level data fusion. A comparative analysis of support vector machine (SVM), convolutional neural network (CNN) with DCFFM, demonstrated that DCFFM exhibited superior results, achieving the accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score of 95.

Exploring the optical response of water status and light propagation in bruised 'Korla' fragrant pear tissues based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance coupled with Monte Carlo simulation.

In this study, the water distribution and migration of bruised 'Korla' pear flesh during storage, as well as their relationships with optical properties and light propagation, were comprehensively investigated based on the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) coupled with Monte Carlo simulations. The immobilized water clearly transferred to free water during pear tissues bruising. The optical absorption coefficient (μ) around 1480 nm was strongly correlated with the LF-NMR T relaxation time of bruised pear tissues by 2D-COS.

An Aptamer Sensor Based on Alendronic Acid-Modified Upconversion Nanoparticles Combined with Magnetic Separation for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Thiamethoxam.

The widespread use of thiamethoxam has led to pesticide residues that have sparked global concerns regarding ecological and human health risks. A pressing requirement exists for a detection method that is both swift and sensitive. Herein, we introduced an innovative fluorescence biosensor constructed from alendronic acid (ADA)-modified upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) linked with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via aptamer recognition for the detection of thiamethoxam.

Advances in Vibrational Spectroscopic Techniques for the Detection of Bio-Active Compounds in Virgin Olive Oils: A Comprehensive Review.

Vibrational spectroscopic techniques have gained significant attention in recent years for their potential in the rapid and efficient analysis of virgin olive oils, offering a distinct advantage over traditional methods. These techniques are particularly valuable for detecting and quantifying bio-active compounds that contribute to the nutritional and health benefits of virgin olive oils. This comprehensive review explores the latest advancements in vibrational spectroscopic techniques applied to virgin olive oils, focusing on the detection and measurement of key bio-active compounds such as unsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and other antioxidant compounds.

Rheological modelling of apple puree based on machine learning combined Monte Carlo simulation: Insight into the fundamental light- particle structure interaction processes.

In this work, apple purees from different particle concentration and verifying in size were reconstituted to investigate their impacts on rheological behaviors, optical properties and light interaction at 900-1650 nm. The optical scattering of different puree particle concentration varied more intensively than particle size. Based on Monte Carol simulation (MCX), the highest proportion of diffuse reflection energy and absorption were observed in 1050 nm and 1480 nm, respectively.

Quality-Driven Design of Pandan-Flavored Sponge Cake: Unraveling the Role of Thermal Processing on Typical Pandan Aroma.

Pandan ( Roxb.) has been used in the production of bakery goods either as a functional ingredient or a natural flavoring that, when roasted, exerts a fragrant rice-like aroma and an attractive green color. This study elucidated the typical aroma compounds from pandan leaves and explored the influence of thermal treatments on their aroma profiles using GC-O-MS, E-nose, and GC-IMS analyses.

Effects of Changes in Pectin Constitution on Optical Properties and Firmness of Peach Flesh during Storage.

Understanding the fundamental light-sample interaction process is a crucial step toward the development of vibrational spectroscopy to determine fruit texture (i.e., firmness).

Use of optical absorption and scattering properties to monitor the change of chemical characteristics, particle structure and viscoelasticity during apple puree processing.

This work explored the optical absorption (μ) and reduced scattering (μ') properties at 400-1050 nm (Vis-NIR) and 900-1650 nm (SWIR) of apple puree at different heating times to evaluate their changes in composition and structure. The optical absorption and scattering coefficients of μ and μ' decreased with increasing heating time. The specific μ' coefficients at 432 nm, 455 nm, 1183 nm and 1304 nm were related to particle structural changes.

Assessment of optical properties and Monte-Carlo based simulation of light propagation in citrus infected by Penicillium italicum.

This original work investigated the optical properties and Monte-Carlo (MC) based simulation of light propagation in the flavedo of Nanfeng tangerine (NF) and Gannan navel orange (GN) infected by Penicillium italicum. The increase of absorption coefficient (μ) at around 482 nm and the decrease at around 675 nm were both observed in infected NF and GN during storage, indicating the accumulation of carotenoids and loss of chlorophyll. Particularly, the μ in NF varied more intensively than GN, but the limited differences of reduced scattering coefficient (μ') were detected while postharvest infection.

Storage Properties and Shelf-Life Prediction of Fresh-Cut Radishes Treated by Photodynamic Technology.

Fresh-cut radishes are susceptible to quality loss and microbial contamination during storage, resulting in a short shelf life. This study investigated the effects of photodynamic technology (PDT) on fresh-cut radishes stored at 4 °C for 10 d and developed appropriate models to predict the shelf life. Results showed that curcumin-mediated PDT maintained sensory acceptability, color, and firmness, decreased weight loss, and increased ascorbic acid and total phenolics of samples by inactivating polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, resulting in improved antioxidant capacity and quality.

Visualizing the structural and chemical heterogeneity of fruit and vegetables using advanced imaging techniques: fundamentals, instrumental aspects, applications and future perspectives.

Fruit and vegetables (F&V) are vastly complicated products with highly diverse chemical and structural characteristics. Advanced imaging techniques either combine imaging with spectral information or can provide excellent tissue penetration, and enable the possibility to target, visualize and even qualify the chemical and physical (structural) heterogeneity within F&V. In this review, visible and/or near infrared hyperspectral imaging, Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopic imaging, Raman imaging, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging to reveal chemical and structural information in a spatial context of F&V at the macro- (entire products), meso- (tissues), and micro- (individual cells) scales are comprehensively summarized.

Introducing high-performance star-shaped bimetallic nanotags into SERS aptasensor: An ultrasensitive and interference-free method for chlorpyrifos detection.

Implementation of cost-effective, reliable, and efficient technologies for the sensitive, rapid, and accurate detection of pesticide residues in agriproducts presents a promising solution to the escalating food safety concerns. Herein, a high-performance surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) aptasensor based on nanotag (AuNS@4-MBN@Ag-aptamer) was introduced for ultrasensitive, reliable, and interference-free detection of chlorpyrifos (CPF). This aptasensor featured star-shaped bimetallic nanotag as the principal Raman signal enhancement material and 4-mercaptobenzonitrile (4-MBN) as "biological-silent"-window reporter (at 2228 cm).

Comparing visible and near infrared 'point' spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging techniques to visualize the variability of apple firmness.

In this work, visible and near-infrared 'point' (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging (Vis-NIR-HSI) techniques were applied on three different apple cultivars to compare their firmness prediction performances based on a large intra-variability of individual fruit, and develop rapid and simple models to visualize the variability of apple firmness on three apple cultivars. Apples with high degree of intra-variability can strongly affect the prediction model performances. The apple firmness prediction accuracy can be improved based on the large intra-variability samples with the coefficient variation (CV) values over 10%.

High-Performance Monolithic 3D Integrated Complementary Inverters Based on Monolayer n-MoS and p-WSe.

Herein, the structure of integrated M3D inverters are successfully demonstrated where a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesized monolayer WSe p-type nanosheet FET is vertically integrated on top of CVD synthesized monolayer MoS n-type film FET arrays (2.5 × 2.5 cm) by semiconductor industry techniques, such as transfer, e-beam evaporation (EBV), and plasma etching processes.

A Novel Variable Selection Method Based on Ordered Predictors Selection and Successive Projections Algorithm for Predicting Gastrodin Content in Fresh Using Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.

Gastrodin is one of the most important biologically active components of , which has many health benefits as a dietary and health food supplement. However, gastrodin measurement traditionally relies on laboratory and sophisticated instruments. This research was aimed at developing a rapid and non-destructive method based on Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) to predict gastrodin content in fresh .

Study on Black Spot Disease Detection and Pathogenic Process Visualization on Winter Jujubes Using Hyperspectral Imaging System.

In this work, the potential of a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system for the detection of black spot disease on winter jujubes infected by during postharvest storage was investigated. The HSI images were acquired using two systems in the visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR, 400-1000 nm) and short-wave infrared (SWIR, 1000-2000 nm) spectral regions. Meanwhile, the change of physical (peel color, weight loss) and chemical parameters (soluble solids content, chlorophyll) and the microstructure of winter jujubes during the pathogenic process were measured.

Assessment of the optical properties with physicochemical properties and cell wall polysaccharides of 'Korla' pear flesh during Alternaria alternata-induced disease development.

Cell wall polysaccharides and physicochemical properties are the major quality characteristics of fruit, but they are significantly affected by the postharvest disease. In this study, the influence of Alternaria alternata-induced disease on the contents of cell wall polysaccharides and physicochemical properties in 'Korla' pear flesh during storage, as well as their relationships of the optical absorption (μ) and reduced scattering (μ') were explored. The infected pear had lower individual sugars, covalent-soluble pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents than the healthy ones.

Detection of Alternaria alternata infection in winter jujubes based on optical properties and their correlation with internal quality parameters during storage.

In this work, a single integrating sphere system was applied to characterize the optical absorption (μ) and reduced scattering (μ') properties (550 - 1050 nm) in winter jujube flesh infected by Alternaria alternata during storage at 4 and 20 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, physical (L*, a*, weight loss) and biochemical characteristics (soluble solids content, titratable acids, chlorophyll, total phenolic, and ascorbic acid) of winter jujubes were measured. Among them, chlorophyll, weight loss and ascorbic acid were highly correlated with μ at 680 nm, 690 nm, while chlorophyll and a* had the best correlations with μ' at 700 - 920 nm.

Fruit variability impacts puree quality: Assessment on individually processed apples using the visible and near infrared spectroscopy.

This study was designed to have the absolute definition of 'one apple to one puree', which gave a first insight into the impacts of fruit inter-variability (between varieties) and intra-variability (between individual fruits) on the quality of processed purees. Both the inter-variability of apple varieties and the intra-variability of single apples induced intensive changes of appearance, chemical and textural properties of their corresponding microwave-cooked purees. The intra-variability of cooked purees was different according to apple cultivars.

Mid-infrared technique to forecast cooked puree properties from raw apples: A potential strategy towards sustainability and precision processing.

The potential of MIRS was investigated to: i) differentiate cooked purees issued from different apples and process conditions, and ii) predict the puree quality characteristics from the spectra of homogenized raw apples. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was tested both, on the real spectra of cooked purees and their reconstructed spectra calculated from the spectra of homogenized raw apples by direct standardization. The cooked purees were well-classified according to apple thinning practices and cold storage durations, and to different heating and grinding conditions.

Development of red apple pomace extract/chitosan-based films reinforced by TiO nanoparticles as a multifunctional packaging material.

A chitosan-based (CS) film was developed with nanosized TiO and red apple pomace extract (APE). The intermolecular interactions of CS, TiO and APE were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. TiO nanoparticles remarkably improved the water vapor and UV-Vis light barrier properties, mechanical strength and thermal stability of CS-APE films.