Separate luminous structures leading positive leader steps.

The physics governing the propagation of lightning leaders and long spark leaders is still not well understood. Positive and negative leaders seem to behave differently. Negative leaders develop in a step manner, guided by the separate luminous structures termed space stems and space leaders.

Study on the enhancing water collection efficiency of cactus- and beetle-like biomimetic structure using UV-induced controllable diffusion method and 3D printing technology.

Collecting water from fog flow has emerged as a promising strategy for the relief of water shortage problems. Herein, using a UV-induced (ultraviolet light induced) controllable diffusion method combined with technology of three-dimensional (3D) printing, we fabricate biomimetic materials incorporating beetle-like hydrophobic-hydrophilic character and cactus-like cone arrays with various structure parameters, and then systematically study their fog-harvesting performance. The UV-induced controllable diffusion method can break away from the photomask to regulate the hybrid wettability.

Enhancing Dielectric Strength of Epoxy Polymers by Constructing Interface Charge Traps.

Epoxy polymer-based dielectric materials play a crucial role in advanced electronic devices and power equipment. However, high voltage-stress applications impose stringent requirements, such as a high dielectric strength, on epoxy polymers. Previously reported studies have shown promising material architectures in the form of epoxy polymer-nanoparticle dielectrics, which can restrict the movement of high-energy electrons by the interface charge traps associated with the various interfacial regions.

Particle trajectories and its charging behaviors: effect of gas type and electric field.

Conductive particles in the gas insulated transmission lines (GIL) induce the breakdown between electrodes or the flashover along insulators. To solve the problem of particle moving and realize the particle-moving regulation, particle trajectories should firstly be determined in air and SF. This paper presents the results of particle trajectories and its charging behaviors at vacuum and SF6, respectively.

Genetic characterization of a new radish introgression line carrying the restorer gene for Ogura CMS in Brassica napus.

Creating a homologous restorer line for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (Ogu-CMS) in Brassica napus is meaningful for the wider application of Ogu-CMS system in rapeseed production. Previously, an independent development of a new Ogu-CMS restorer line (CLR650) was reported locally from crossing between Raphanobrassica (AACCRR, 2n = 56) and B. napus and a new version of Ogu CMS lines CLR6430 derived from CLR650 was characterized in this study.

An electric field measurement method based on electro-optical modulation for corona discharge in air.

To study corona discharge in air, it is important to measure the electric field in the discharge space, which is directly related to the corona discharge process. In this paper, we present a method for measuring the electric field with electro-optical modulation. This method uses space laser modulation based on BiGeO (BGO) crystals, and we suggest using the dual optical path difference method to improve the measurement performance.

Which is the ideal sanction for cooperation? An experimental study on different types of third-party sanctions.

Cooperation is the crux of many social problems, thus third-party sanction, as one of the most important ways to promote cooperation, is worth studying. The present study compared the effects of third-party punishment alone, third-party reward alone, and the combination of third-party reward and third-party punishment on cooperation in the context of a public goods experiment. In addition, we explored the characteristics of third-party sanctioning behaviors.

A fully enclosed, compact standard lightning impulse generator for testing ultra-high-voltage-class gas-insulated switchgears with high capacitance.

At present, conducting standard lightning impulse (LI) tests in the field for gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) equipment is difficult because of the high capacitance of the test equipment and large circuit inductance of traditional impulse devices, which leads to a wavefront time T(f) ≥ 2.5 μs. A novel fully enclosed, compact standard LI generator for testing ultra-high-voltage-class GIS equipment with high capacitance is presented to solve the problem of T(f) exceeding the standard during LI voltage tests for actual large-sized equipment.

Synthesis, DNA/HSA Interaction Spectroscopic Studies and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of a New Mixed Ligand Cu(II) Complex.

A new mixed ligand copper(II)-dipeptide complex with 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzothiazole (pbt), [Cu(Gly-L-leu)(pbt)(H2O)]·ClO4 (Gly-L-leu = Glycyl-L-leucine anion) was synthesized and characterized by various physico-chemical means. The DNA binding and cleavage properties of the complex investigated by viscosity, agarose gel electrophoresis and multi-spectroscopic techniques (UV, circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence) showed that the complex was bound to CT-DNA through intercalation mode with moderate binding constant (K b = 3.132 × 10(4) M(-1)), and cleaved pBR322 DNA efficiently (~ 5 μM) in the presence of Vc, probably via an oxidative mechanism induced by •OH.