Conference 2024: Building an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health.

The Conference 2024 provides a platform to promote the development of an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health. The four key components - Technology, Research (Biology), Academic journals, and Social media - form a synergistic ecosystem. Advanced technologies drive biological research, which generates novel insights that are disseminated through academic journals.

Molecular dynamics study on the nanofriction and wear mechanism of transverse grain boundaries in nickel-based alloys.

Context: This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the nanoscale tribological behavior of a single transverse grain boundary in a nickel-based polycrystalline alloy. A series of simulations were conducted using a repetitive rotational friction method to explore the mechanisms by which different grain boundary positions influence variations in wear depth, friction force, friction coefficient, dislocation, stress, and internal damage during repeated friction processes. The results reveal that the grain boundary structure enhances the strength of the nanoscale nickel-based polycrystalline alloy.

Complementary insights into gut viral genomes: a comparative benchmark of short- and long-read metagenomes using diverse assemblers and binners.

Background: Metagenome-assembled viral genomes have significantly advanced the discovery and characterization of the human gut virome. However, we lack a comparative assessment of assembly tools on the efficacy of viral genome identification, particularly across next-generation sequencing (NGS) and third-generation sequencing (TGS) data.

Results: We evaluated the efficiency of NGS, TGS, and hybrid assemblers for viral genome discovery using 95 viral-like particle (VLP)-enriched fecal samples sequenced on both Illumina and PacBio platforms.

Butyrate-producing suppresses natural killer/T-cell lymphoma by dampening the JAK-STAT pathway.

Background: Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis, and gaps remain in understanding the determinants influencing disease outcomes.

Objective: To characterise the gut microbiota feature and identify potential probiotics that could ameliorate the development of NKTCL.

Design: This cross-sectional study employed shotgun metagenomic sequencing to profile the gut microbiota in two Chinese NKTCL cohorts, with validation conducted in an independent Korean cohort.

BEX4 inhibits the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by stabilizing SH2D4A, which is achieved by blocking SIRT2 activity.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignancies. Recently, the role of brain-expressed X-linked 4 (BEX4) in cancer progression has received increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the function of BEX4 in ccRCC and to reveal the underlying mechanisms.

Reproductive Toxicity and Multi/Transgenerational Effects of Emerging Pollutants on .

Emerging pollutants (EPs) are receiving increasing attention due to the threats they pose to the environment and human health. As EPs continue to emerge, risk assessment requires many model animals. () has been an outstanding toxicological model organism due to its growth and development characteristics.

Edge Electron Effect Induced High-Entropy SEI for Durable Anode-Free Sodium Batteries.

Anode-free sodium metal batteries represent great promising as high-energy-density and resource-rich electrochemical energy storage systems. However, the savage growth of sodium metal and continuous consumption hinder its stable capacity output. Herein, ordered flower-edges of zinc on Al substrate can induce high-entropy solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to adjust sodium uniform deposition and extremely reduce electrolyte consumption with ultrahigh initial Coulombic efficiency (97.

Symbiotic probiotic communities with multiple targets successfully combat obesity in high-fat-diet-fed mice.

Probiotics hold great potential for treating metabolic diseases such as obesity. Given the complex and multifactorial nature of these diseases, research on probiotic combination with multiple targets has become popular. Here, we choose four obesity-related targets to perform high-throughput screening, including pancreatic lipase activity, bile salt hydrolase activity, glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and adipocyte differentiation.

Long-term trends and response of wet ammonia deposition to changes in anthropogenic emissions in the Pearl River delta of China.

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region has been identified as a significant hotspot of wet ammonium deposition. However, the absence of long-term monitoring data in the area hinders the comprehension of the historical trends and changes in wet NH-N deposition in response to emissions, which interferes with the ability to make effective decisions. This study has analyzed the long-term trends of wet NH-N deposition flux and has quantified the effect of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological factors at a typical urban site and a typical forest site in the PRD region from 2009 to 2020.

The simultaneous addition of chitosan and peat enhanced the removals of antibiotics resistance genes during biogas residues composting.

Direct reuse of biogas residue (BR) has the potential to contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Although high-temperature composting has been demonstrated as an effective method for the harmless treatment of organic waste, there is few researches on the fate of ARGs in high-temperature composting of BR. This research examined the impact of adding 5% chitosan and 15% peat on physicochemical characteristics, microbial communities, and removal of ARGs during BR-straw composting in 12 Biolan 220L composters for 48 days.

Biomineralized ZIF-8 Encapsulating SOD from Hydrogenobacter Thermophilus: Maintaining Activity in the Intestine and Alleviating Intestinal Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress is a major factor leading to inflammation and disease occurrence, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a crucial antioxidative metalloenzyme capable of alleviating oxidative stress. In this study, a novel thermostable SOD gene is obtained from the Hydrogenobacter thermophilus strain (HtSOD), transformed and efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli with an activity of 3438 U mg, exhibiting excellent thermal stability suitable for scalable production. However, the activity of HtSOD is reduced to less than 10% under the acidic environment.

Sinomenine Hydrochloride Regulates the Apoptosis of Endothelial Cells through PPAR-γ to Alleviate PAH.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive heart and lung disease that is caused by irreversible pulmonary vascular remodeling. Sinomenine hydrochloride is an alkaloid that is extracted from sinomenium acutum, which has strong anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, male rats were injected with monocrotaline, and endothelial cells were exposed to hypoxia for 24 hours to induce pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Zero-waste multistage utilization of dandelion root.

Introduction: In the fragrance and perfume industry, the controlled release of fragrances are crucial factors that contribute to consumer appeal and product quality enhancement. In this study, various aromatic active substances were extracted from dandelion root (DR), which was subsequently calcined to produce high-performance porous biochar material.

Methods: The dandelion root biochar (DRB) material was identified as promising adsorbents for the controlled release of fragrances.

Integrated analysis of facial microbiome and skin physio-optical properties unveils cutotype-dependent aging effects.

Background: Our facial skin hosts millions of microorganisms, primarily bacteria, crucial for skin health by maintaining the physical barrier, modulating immune response, and metabolizing bioactive materials. Aging significantly influences the composition and function of the facial microbiome, impacting skin immunity, hydration, and inflammation, highlighting potential avenues for interventions targeting aging-related facial microbes amidst changes in skin physiological properties.

Results: We conducted a multi-center and deep sequencing survey to investigate the intricate interplay of aging, skin physio-optical conditions, and facial microbiome.

Manganese-catalyzed oxidation of furfuryl alcohols and furfurals to efficient synthesis of furoic acids.

Herein, the direct oxidation of furfuryl alcohols and furfurals to the corresponding furoic acids is performed highly efficiently with potassium hydroxide as the base in the presence of a catalytic amount of PNP pincer manganese catalyst in dioxane. The manganese catalytic system can not only achieve the dehydrogenation conversion of furfuryl alcohols to prepare furoic acids but can also achieve the synthesis of furoic acids from furfurals under more moderate conditions and with less reaction time. In addition, the bifunctional furfuryl alcohols or furfurals can also be efficiently converted into dicarboxylic acid products under optimal reaction conditions.

Activity-based metaproteomics driven discovery and enzymological characterization of potential α-galactosidases in the mouse gut microbiome.

The gut microbiota offers an extensive resource of enzymes, but many remain uncharacterized. To distinguish the activities of similar annotated proteins and mine the potentially applicable ones in the microbiome, we applied an effective Activity-Based Metaproteomics (ABMP) strategy using a specific activity-based probe (ABP) to screen the entire gut microbiome for directly discovering active enzymes and their potential applications, not for exploring host-microbiome interactions. By using an activity-based cyclophellitol aziridine probe specific to α-galactosidases (AGAL), we successfully identified and characterized several gut microbiota enzymes possessing AGAL activities.

Long-read sequencing reveals extensive gut phageome structural variations driven by genetic exchange with bacterial hosts.

Genetic variations are instrumental for unraveling phage evolution and deciphering their functional implications. Here, we explore the underlying fine-scale genetic variations in the gut phageome, especially structural variations (SVs). By using virome-enriched long-read metagenomic sequencing across 91 individuals, we identified a total of 14,438 nonredundant phage SVs and revealed their prevalence within the human gut phageome.

A universal oral microbiome-based signature for periodontitis.

We analyzed eight oral microbiota shotgun metagenomic sequencing cohorts from five countries and three continents, identifying 54 species biomarkers and 26 metabolic biomarkers consistently altered in health and disease states across three or more cohorts. Additionally, machine learning models based on taxonomic profiles achieved high accuracy in distinguishing periodontitis patients from controls (internal and external areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.86 and 0.

Intratumoral microbiome promotes liver metastasis and dampens adjuvant imatinib treatment in gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Understanding the determinants of long-term liver metastasis (LM) outcomes in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients is crucial. We established the feature selection model of intratumoral microbiome at the surgery, achieving robust predictive accuracies of 0.953 and 0.

Simultaneous ST-elevation in lead augmented vector right (aVR) and III in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes.

Background: The value of ST-elevation in lead augmented vector right (aVR) remains controversial in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the association of simultaneous ST-elevation in lead aVR and III with angiographic findings and clinical outcomes in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS).

Methods: In this observational study, patients who had been diagnosed with NSTEACS and presented with ST-elevation in lead aVR and without ST-elevation in any other two contiguous leads were enrolled from January 2018 to June 2019.