Neural network powered microscopic system for cataract surgery.

Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a widely used effective treatment for cataracts. However, the surgical outcome relies heavily on precise operations with marked eye location and orientation, which ideally require a high-precision navigation system for complete guidance of surgical procedure. However, both research and current commercial surgical microscopes still face substantial challenges in handling various complex clinical scenarios.

Optic disc changes in Chinese patients with -associated autoinflammatory disease.

Objective: To investigate the optic disc changes (ODC) in Chinese patients with -associated autoinflammatory disease (-AID).

Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with -AID at the Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital between April 2015 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results: A total of 20 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study.

Application of a new type of double-lumen endotracheal tube in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: study protocol for a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial (NISA).

Background: Non-invasive ventilation combined with pulmonary surfactant (PS) therapy is recognised as a method for treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Among the administration, methods of PS, INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation (InSurE) and less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) have been widely discussed.LISA technique prevents patients from exposure to invasive positive pressure ventilation (PPV), thus improving the long-term outcomes of the respiratory system, but it faces challenges in resource-limited areas due to complexity and cost.

Complement C3 knockout protects photoreceptors in the sodium iodate model.

Complement factor 3 (C3) has emerged as a primary therapeutic target in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) supported by genetic, histologic, and clinical trial evidence. Yet, the site(s) of action are unclear. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of C3 knockout on photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) in the sodium iodate (NaIO) model, which mirrors some features of AMD.

Mechanistic study of celastrol-mediated inhibition of proinflammatory activation of macrophages in IgA nephropathy via down-regulating ECM1.

Increasing evidence suggests that the mononuclear/macrophage system is vital in amplifying the inflammatory cascade in IgA Nephropathy (IgAN). However, the pathogenic mechanism of macrophages in IgAN and targeted treatment strategies still need to be explored. This study found that botanical triterpene celastrol (CLT) effectively alleviated renal lesions, M1-like macrophage infiltration, inflammatory factors production, and improved renal function in IgAN mice.

Privacy-Preserving Technology Using Federated Learning and Blockchain in Protecting against Adversarial Attacks for Retinal Imaging.

Purpose: Collaboration provides valuable data for robust artificial intelligence (AI) model development. Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-enhancing technology that allows collaboration while respecting privacy via the development of models without raw data transfer. However state-of-the-art FL models still face challenges in non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) health care settings and remain susceptible to privacy breaches.

Effectiveness of a home-based, post-discharge early intervention program for very preterm infants in reducing parental stress: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the impact of a home-based, post-discharge early intervention (EI) program on reducing parental stress levels in families with preterm infants born between 28 and 31 weeks gestational age.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted, with families randomly allocated to either the EI or standard care (SC) group. A term reference group was also recruited for comparison.

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN PRESUMED VETERINARY ANTHELMINTIC DRUG-INDUCED RETINAL TOXICITY: A Glimpse into Underlying Mechanism.

Purpose: To report optical coherence tomography findings of presumed veterinary anthelmintic drugs (VADs)-induced retinal toxicity that may aid in understanding potential pathogenic mechanisms.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational case series analysis of patients with vision abnormalities following the accidental or intentional consumption of veterinary anthelmintic drugs. All cases underwent a thorough ophthalmological examination.

No Evidence of an Association between Genetic Factors Affecting Response to Vitamin A Supplementation and Myopia: A Mendelian Randomization Study and Meta-Analysis.

The relationship between vitamin A supplementation and myopia has been a topic of debate, with conflicting and inconclusive findings. We aimed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between vitamin A supplementation and the risk of myopia using Mendelian randomization (MR) and meta-analytical methods. Genetic variants from the UK Biobank and FinnGen studies associated with the response to vitamin A supplementation were employed as instrumental variables to evaluate the causal relationship between vitamin A supplementation and myopia.

[Preventive early intervention strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders of high-risk infants].

Neurodevelopmental disorders in children have become a significant global public health concern, impacting child health worldwide. In China, the current intervention model for high-risk infants involves early diagnosis and early treatment. However, in recent years, overseas studies have explored novel preventive early intervention strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders in high-risk infants, achieving promising results.

N-glycosylation of disease-specific haptoglobin for the early screening of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as one of the microvascular complications of diabetes, is a leading cause of acquired vision loss. Most DR cases are detected in the advanced stage through fundoscopy, making molecular biomarkers urgently needed for early diagnosis of DR.

Experimental Design: Serum disease-specific haptoglobin-β (Hp-β) chains of 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 156 T2DM patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) were separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

The performance of a deep learning system in assisting junior ophthalmologists in diagnosing 13 major fundus diseases: a prospective multi-center clinical trial.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic systems have been reported to improve fundus disease screening in previous studies. This multicenter prospective self-controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a deep learning system (DLS) in assisting junior ophthalmologists in detecting 13 major fundus diseases. A total of 1493 fundus images from 748 patients were prospectively collected from five tertiary hospitals in China.

Tumor-suppressive effect of Reg3A in COAD is mediated by T cell activation in nude mice.

Regenerating family protein 3 A (Reg3A) is highly expressed in a variety of organs and inflammatory tissues, and is closely related to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, clinical statistics show that high expression of Reg3A is associated with better prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, suggesting a tumor-suppressive effect. The precise action and underlying mechanism of Reg3A in CRC remain controversial.

Roxadustat treatment for erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-hyporesponsive anemia in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Objective: Hyporesponsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) is a prevalent problem affecting hemodialysis (HD) patients. Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stimulates erythropoiesis and regulates iron metabolism. We explored the ability of roxadustat to increase the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in ESA-hyporesponsive patients undergoing HD and assessed its effect on iron metabolism and inflammation.

New retinal findings in NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease.

Purpose: To determine whether the rare NLRP3-Associated Autoinflammatory Disease (NLRP3-AID) is associated with retinal changes and to assess the ocular involvement.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 20 patients(40 eyes) diagnosed with rare NLRP3-AID at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, from April 2015 to August 2022. Patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure examination, slit-lamp examination, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography(OCT), and fluorescence angiography (FA).

The phenotype and genotype of Chinese adult patients with NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease.

Objectives: NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease (NLRP3-AID) is a spectrum of autosomal dominant inherited diseases associated with NLRP3 gene mutations. Reports of Chinese NLRP3-AID cases are limited to date. In the present study, we aim to describe the phenotype and genotype of a cohort of Chinese adult NLRP3-AID patients METHODS: This single-center study included sixteen adult patients diagnosed with NLRP3-AID at Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from April 2015 to September 2021.

Serum disease-specific IgG Fc glycosylation as potential biomarkers for nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy using mass spectrometry.

Objective: To explore the potential of serum disease-specific immunoglobulin G (DSIgG) glycosylation as a biomarker for the diagnosis of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Methods: A total of 387 consecutive diabetic patients presenting in an eye clinic without proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) were included and divided into those with nondiabetic retinopathy (NDR) (n = 181) and NPDR (n = 206) groups. Serum was collected from all patients for DSIgG separation.

Comparison of the adjuvant effect of conbercept intravitreal injection at different times before vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To assess the optimal time of intravitreal conbercept (IVC) treatment prior to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Method: This study was exploratory in nature. Forty-eight consecutive patients (48 eyes) with PDR were divided into four groups according to different IVC times (0.

Chinese Guideline on the Management of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (2022).

Background In mainland China, patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) have approximately an 40% prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). This disease leads to recurrent retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED), extensive subretinal or vitreous hemorrhages, and severe vision loss. China has introduced various treatment modalities in the past years and gained comprehensive experience in treating PCV.

Mendelian Randomization and Transcriptome-Wide Association Analysis Identified Genes That Were Pleiotropically Associated with Intraocular Pressure.

Background: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. However, the mechanisms underlying the controlling of IOP remain to be elucidated.

Objective: To prioritize genes that are pleiotropically associated with IOP.

Development of Diagnostic Recommendations for Vitreoretinal Lymphoma.

Purpose: To develop diagnostic recommendations for diffuse large B-cell vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) in Chinese patients.

Methods: Retrospective observational case series. Seventy-three eyes of 40 VRL patients and 8 control patients were analyzed.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin-10 Biomarker for Vitreoretinal Lymphoma.

Purpose: To analyze the correlation between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and the clinical characteristics in patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL).

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Methods: Forty-one patients were diagnosed as VRL and underwent lumbar puncture for CSF examination.

Global trends and frontiers of research on pathologic myopia since the millennium: A bibliometric analysis.

Background And Purpose: Pathologic myopia (PM) is an international public health issue. This study aimed to analyze PM research trends by reporting on publication trends since 2000 and identifying influential journals, countries, authors, and keywords involved in PM.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed to evaluate global production and development trends in PM since 2000 and the keywords associated with PM.

Publication trends of artificial intelligence in retina in 10 years: Where do we stand?

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied in the field of retina. The purpose of this study was to analyze the study trends within AI in retina by reporting on publication trends, to identify journals, countries, authors, international collaborations, and keywords involved in AI in retina.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study.