Associations of frailty and cognitive impairment with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults: a prospective cohort study from NHANES 2011-2014.

Background: The global aging trend exacerbates the challenge of frailty and cognitive impairment in older adults, yet their combined impact on health outcomes remains under-investigated. This study aims to explore how frailty and psychometric mild cognitive impairment (pMCI) jointly affect all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

Methods: The cohort study we examined 2,442 participants aged ≥ 60, is the secondary analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014.

The association of lipids and novel non-statin lipid-lowering drug target with osteoporosis: evidence from genetic correlations and Mendelian randomization.

Background: It remains controversial whether lipids affect osteoporosis (OP) or bone mineral density (BMD), and causality has not been established. This study aimed to investigate the genetic associations between lipids, novel non-statin lipid-lowering drug target genes, and OP and BMD.

Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) method was used to explore the genetic associations between 179 lipid species and OP, BMD.

Manure application increases soil doxycycline and zinc levels and resistance gene abundance.

Doxycycline (DOX) and zinc (Zn), are frequently detected in livestock manure. Untreated excrement carries a sizable load of DOX and Zn into the soil, exacerbating agricultural nonpoint source pollution. However, research on the effects of DOX and Zn on soil microbial diversity and the prevalence of resistance genes is limited.

The Influence of Rice Husk Ash Incorporation on the Properties of Cement-Based Materials.

Rice husk ash is a kind of biomass material. Its main component is silicon dioxide, with a content of up to 80%. It has high pozzolanic activity and can react with hydroxide in cement.

Risk factors and prognosis analysis of dysphagia after occipitocervical fusion surgery: a retrospective study of 43 cases.

Objectives: To analyze the risk factors for developing dysphagia after occipitocervical fusion (OCF) and investigate possible mechanisms and prognosis.

Methods: The case data of 43 patients who underwent OCF were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into group A (dysphagia group) and group B (non-dysphagia group) based on Bazaz scoring criteria.

Brassica rapa selenium transporter NPF2.20 (BrNPF2.20) accounts for Se-enrichment in Chinese cabbage.

Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for the human body and breeding highly Se-enriched Chinese cabbage varieties is an important means of addressing Se deficiency in individuals in certain regions. The genus Brassica has a strong ability to enrich Se; however, the primary molecular mechanism of Se enrichment remains unclear. We screened for high- and low-Se-enriched Chinese cabbage varieties from 39 different genotypes and identified a key candidate gene for Se enrichment, namely, BrNPF2.

[Ecological Risk and Microbial Diversity Characteristics of Antibiotics in Farm and Surrounding Environmental Media].

Farm manure is one of the largest sources of antibiotics in environmental media. At present, there are limited studies on antibiotic residues and microbial diversity in different environmental media. The residual characteristics of five typical veterinary antibiotics （sulfadiazine, SDZ； doxycycline, DOX； oxytetracycline, OTC； tetracycline, TC； and chlortetracycline, CTC） in different environmental media and their effects on environmental microbial diversity were preliminarily discussed by taking an ecological farm and a seven-year long-term experimental field in Bishan District of Chongqing as the research object.

HDBind: encoding of molecular structure with hyperdimensional binary representations.

Traditional methods for identifying "hit" molecules from a large collection of potential drug-like candidates rely on biophysical theory to compute approximations to the Gibbs free energy of the binding interaction between the drug and its protein target. These approaches have a significant limitation in that they require exceptional computing capabilities for even relatively small collections of molecules. Increasingly large and complex state-of-the-art deep learning approaches have gained popularity with the promise to improve the productivity of drug design, notorious for its numerous failures.

The effectiveness of applied behavior analysis program training on enhancing autistic children's emotional-social skills.

Background: This study focuses on the potential of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to improve emotional and social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. ABA is a well-established therapeutic approach that uses behavior modification techniques to encourage positive behaviors and reduce challenging ones. Despite its widespread use, further research is needed to better understand its specific impact on emotional and social development in autistic children.

Associations of the cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel metric for assessing cardiometabolic health and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), yet its relationship with insulin resistance (IR) and prediabetes (preDM) is not well-studied. There is also a gap in understanding the nonlinear associations between CMI and these conditions. Our study aimed to elucidate these associations.

Anatomical Relationships of Internal Carotid Artery with Posterior Pharyngeal Wall and Upper Cervical Spine: Analysis of 238 Computed Tomography Angiograms.

Objective: To evaluate internal carotid artery's (ICA) anatomical relationships with atlantoaxial joints and posterior pharyngeal wall and to illustrate ICA injury risk during transoral procedures to the upper cervical spine.

Methods: Cervical spine computed tomography angiography of 238 patients was retrospectively evaluated. Each ICA was classified into 1 of 3 zones: areas medial (Zone 1), anterior (Zone 2), or lateral (Zone 3) to the atlantoaxial joint.

Global prevalence and disability-adjusted life years of hypertensive heart disease: A trend analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: As hypertensive heart disease (HHD) presents a significant public health challenge globally, we analysed its global, regional, and national burdens and trends from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, focussing on the age-standardised prevalence rates (ASPRs) of HHD prevalence, age-standardised disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates, average annual percentage change (AAPC), and risk factor attributions. We compared the HHD burden across sociodemographic index (SDI) strata, gender, age groups, and 204 countries and territories.

Pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy in spinal cord injury: regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Regulated cell death is a form of cell death that is actively controlled by biomolecules. Several studies have shown that regulated cell death plays a key role after spinal cord injury. Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are newly discovered types of regulated cell deaths that have been shown to exacerbate inflammation and lead to cell death in damaged spinal cords.

The relationship of intimate partner violence on depression: the mediating role of perceived social support and the moderating role of the Big Five personality.

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the influence of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) on depression, the mediating role of social support, and the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits in the relationship between social support and depression.

Methods: Participants were recruited from Mainland China, using a stratified random sampling and quota sampling method. From June to August 2022, a diverse group of 21,916 participants (ranging from 12 to 100 years old) completed the Intimate Partner Violence Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Big Five Inventory-Short Version.

HyperGen: Compact and Efficient Genome Sketching using Hyperdimensional Vectors.

Motivation: Genomic distance estimation is a critical workload since exact computation for whole-genome similarity metrics such as Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) incurs prohibitive runtime overhead. Genome sketching is a fast and memory-efficient solution to estimate ANI similarity by distilling representative k-mers from the original sequences. In this work, we present HyperGen that improves accuracy, runtime performance, and memory efficiency for large-scale ANI estimation.

Combination Targeted Therapy in Relapsed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Background: The identification of oncogenic mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has led to the development of drugs that target essential survival pathways, but whether targeting multiple survival pathways may be curative in DLBCL is unknown.

Methods: We performed a single-center, phase 1b-2 study of a regimen of venetoclax, ibrutinib, prednisone, obinutuzumab, and lenalidomide (ViPOR) in relapsed or refractory DLBCL. In phase 1b, which included patients with DLBCL and indolent lymphomas, four dose levels of venetoclax were evaluated to identify the recommended phase 2 dose, with fixed doses of the other four drugs.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing reveals co-infection with Legionella pneumophila and Fusobacterium necrophorum in a patient with severe pneumonia: a case report.

Background: Legionella pneumonia is one of the most severe types of atypical pneumonia, impairing multiple organ systems, posing a threat to life. Diagnosing Legionella pneumonia is challenging due to difficulties in culturing the bacteria and limitations in immunoassay sensitivity and specificity.

Case Presentation: This paper reports a rare case of sepsis caused by combined infection with Legionella pneumophila and Fusobacterium necrophorum, leading to respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, myocardial damage, and electrolyte disorders.

Effects of circulating inflammatory proteins on osteoporosis and fractures: evidence from genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: There is a controversy in studies of circulating inflammatory proteins (CIPs) in association with osteoporosis (OP) and fractures, and it is unclear if these two conditions are causally related. This study used MR analyses to investigate the causal associations between 91 CIPs and OP and 9 types of fractures.

Methods: Genetic variants data for CIPs, OP, and fractures were obtained from the publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database.

Molecular targets of glucocorticoids that elucidate their therapeutic efficacy in aggressive lymphomas.

Glucocorticoids have been used for decades to treat lymphomas without an established mechanism of action. Using functional genomic, proteomic, and chemical screens, we discover that glucocorticoids inhibit oncogenic signaling by the B cell receptor (BCR), a recurrent feature of aggressive B cell malignancies, including diffuse large B cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma. Glucocorticoids induce the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to directly transactivate genes encoding negative regulators of BCR stability (LAPTM5; KLHL14) and the PI3 kinase pathway (INPP5D; DDIT4).

Highly selective detection of 2,4-dinitrophenol by fluorescent NH-MIL-125(Ti) dual-parameter sensing technology.

The organic contaminant 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) is widely prevalent and poses significant risks to human health. Although numerous in-depth studies having been reported on the highly sensitive detection of 2,4-DNP, there are still challenges to its selective detection. Here, the fluorescence intensity ratio (/) and emission peak shift (Δ) were utilized for selective detection of 2,4-DNP by NH-MIL-125(Ti).

Biomechanical evaluation of different oblique lumbar interbody fusion constructs: a finite element analysis.

Background: Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to investigate the biomechanical differences between different adjunct fixation methods for oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) and to further analyze its effect on adjacent segmental degeneration.

Methods: We built a single-segment (Si-segment) finite element model (FEM) for L4-5 and a double-segment (Do-segment) FEM for L3-5. Each complete FEM was supplemented and modified, and both developed two surgical models of OLIF with assisted internal fixation.

Response to Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in aggressive lymphomas linked to chronic selective autophagy.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive, profoundly heterogeneous cancer, presenting a challenge for precision medicine. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors block B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and are particularly effective in certain molecular subtypes of DLBCL that rely on chronic active BCR signaling to promote oncogenic NF-κB. The MCD genetic subtype, which often acquires mutations in the BCR subunit, CD79B, and in the innate immune adapter, MYD88, typically resists chemotherapy but responds exceptionally to BTK inhibitors.