The function and application of edible fungal polysaccharides.

Edible fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are precious medicinal and edible homologous gifts from nature to us. Edible fungal polysaccharides (EFPs) are a variety of bioactive macromolecular which isolated from fruiting bodies, mycelia or fermentation broths of edible or medicinal fungus. Increasing researches have confirmed that EFPs possess multiple biological activities both in vitro and in vivo settings, including antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and regulating intestinal flora activities.

Effect of water film evaporation on the shale gas transmission in inorganic nanopores under viscosity.

Shale gas reservoirs generally have ultra-low water saturation, and the water in reservoirs is closely bound to the walls of inorganic nanopores, forming a water film structure on the hydrophilic surface. When shale gas enters the inorganic nanopores, the water films in the inorganic pores will be removed by evaporation instead of being driven away by the gas, which increases the difficulty of predicting production during shale gas extraction. Based on molecular dynamics simulations, a water film evaporation model is proposed, considering the evaporation of water films during shale gas transport and the influence of water film evaporation on the shale gas transport mechanism.

New insights into the stipitate hydnoid fungi Sarcodon, Hydnellum, and the formerly informally defined Neosarcodon, with emphasis on the edible species marketed in Southwest China.

Sarcodon and Hydnellum are two ectomycorrhizal genera of important ecological and economic value in Southwest China, and they are common in the free markets in this region. It was estimated that more than 1,500 tonnes of them were sold as edible per year, but there was little information about the taxonomic placements of these edible mushrooms sold in the markets. Traditional concepts of the two genera have also been challenged recently, and circumscription of Sarcodon and the informally defined clade "Neosarcodon" remained unresolved.

Comparative analyses of mitochondrial genomes reveal two major lineages of mini oyster mushroom cultivars.

, commonly known as the mini oyster mushroom, is highly esteemed for its crisp texture and umami flavor. Limited genetic diversity among cultivars raises concerns regarding its sustainable industrial production. To delve into the maternal genetic diversity of the principal cultivars, 36 cultivars and five wild isolates were subjected to sequencing and assembly to generate high-quality mitogenome sequences.

Hydrated lime promoted the polysaccharide content and affected the transcriptomes of during brown film formation.

Brown film formation, a unique developmental stage in the life cycle of , is essential for the subsequent development of fruiting bodies in cultivation. The pH of mushroom growth substrates are usually adjusted with hydrated lime, yet the effects of hydrated lime on cultivating and the molecular mechanisms associated with the effects have not been studied systemically. We cultivated on substrates supplemented with 0% (CK), 1% (T1), 3% (T2), and 5% (T3) hydrated lime (Ca (OH)), and applied transcriptomics and qRT-PCR to study gene expression on the brown film formation stage.

The Protective Role of Polysaccharide-Based Microcapsules on Intestinal Barrier Integrity in DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice.

, a type of edible fungus, is beneficial for intestinal health. However, the mechanisms by which polysaccharides derived from . contribute to the integrity of the intestinal barrier have been little investigated.

A Cross-Scale Framework for Modelling Chloride Ions Diffusion in C-S-H: Combined Effects of Slip, Electric Double Layer and Ion Correlation.

Water and chloride ions within pores of cementitious materials plays a crucial role in the damage processes of cement pastes, particularly in the binding material comprising calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H). The migration mechanism of water and chloride ions restricted in C-S-H nanopores is complicated due to the presence of interfacial effects. The special mechanical properties of the solid-liquid interface determine the importance of boundary slip and Electric Double Layer (EDL) and ion diversity in pore solutions determines the difference of the EDL and the stability of water film slip.

Comparative analyses of Flammulina filiformis mitochondrial genomes reveal high length polymorphism in intergenic regions and multiple intron gain/loss in cox1.

The golden-needle mushroom Flammulina filiformis is one of the bulk mushroom products in the world. This study obtained complete mitogenomes of 44 wild isolates collected from nine provinces and two artificially bred cultivars of F. filiformis, together with three Flammulina rossica isolates and one Flammulina fennae isolate for comparison.

Impacts of size reduction and alkaline-soaking pretreatments on microbial community and organic matter decomposition during wheat straw composting.

This study assessed the impacts of size reduction and alkaline-soaking pretreatments on microbial community shifts and organic matter decomposition in wheat straw composting. Bacterial communities were altered by alkaline soaking rather than size reduction, while fungal communities were altered by both pretreatments. Alkaline-soaking pretreatment promoted lignocellulosic saccharification and humification.

Application of the mushroom volatile 1-octen-3-ol to suppress a morel disease caused by Paecilomyces penicillatus.

Morels (Morchella spp.) are of great economic and scientific value. Paecilomyces penicillatus can cause white mold disease (WMD) widely emerging on morel ascocarps and is also a potential factor causing morel fructification failure.

Large-scale commercial cultivation of morels: current state and perspectives.

Since morels were first successfully cultivated commercially in Sichuan in 2012, morel cultivation has expanded to more than 20 provinces in China. The highest yield currently reaches 15,000 kg/ha. Morel cultivation is characterized by its environmental friendliness, short cycle length, and high profit.

Polysaccharides Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Injury in Mice.

A carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury mouse model is used to study the regulation of gut microbiota and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from (FVPs). The hepatoprotective effect of the FVPs leads to reduced levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total bile acid (TBA) content, and change in liver histopathology. Their anti-oxidant activity is exhibited by decreased levels of hepatic malonaldehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) content and increased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) content.

Polysaccharides Promote the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity and Its Effect on Intestinal Microbiota in Mice.

, as an edible fungus, has multiple health benefits. However, the effects of on intestinal health are rarely explored. Hence, our study aims to elaborate on the influences of polysaccharides (SSPs) on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and intestinal microflora in C57BL/6J mice.

Dual RNA-Seq Analysis of the Interaction Between Edible Fungus and Its Pathogenic Fungus Uncovers the Candidate Defense and Pathogenic Factors.

Morels ( spp.) are economically important mushrooms cultivated in many countries. However, their production and quality are hindered by white mold disease because of infection.

Metabolomics reveals dopa melanin involved in the enzymatic browning of the yellow cultivars of East Asian golden needle mushroom (Flammulina filiformis).

Browning seriously causes postharvest deterioration of the yellow cultivars of Flammulina filiformis, yet the browning process and its mechanism have not been described. Changes of L*, a*, b* values, the browning and whiteness index during air contacted storage were evaluated, uncovering the great loss of brightness and meanwhile the accumulation of yellowness and redness. Browning tissue showed an increase of malondialdehyde, total phenolics, and browning-related enzyme activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, in contrast to the decrease of bioprotective catalase, superoxide, and dismutase.

Morel Production Related to Soil Microbial Diversity and Evenness.

Black morel is a widely prized ascomycetous mushroom with culinary value. It was once uncultivable but can now be cultivated routinely in ordinary farmland soils. Large-scale morel farming sometimes encounters nonfructification for unknown reasons.

Flavones Improve Intestinal Integrity in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Challenged Mice.

, as an edible fungus, has various health benefits. However, the effects of on intestinal health are rarely investigated. Hence, this study aims to ascertain the influences of flavones from the fruiting bodies of (hereinafter abbreviated as MIF) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced damage to intestinal epithelial barrier in C57BL/6J mice.

Polysaccharides Alleviate Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Injury in Mice.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of polysaccharides (MIPs) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatic damage in mice. A total of 144 female mice were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, namely, control, CCl, low-dose MIP (LMIP) group, and high-dose MIP (HMIP) group. After the 10-day experiment, serum and liver were sampled for biochemical and metabolomic analyses.

Build Your Own Mushroom Soil: Microbiota Succession and Nutritional Accumulation in Semi-Synthetic Substratum Drive the Fructification of a Soil-Saprotrophic Morel.

Black morel, a widely prized culinary delicacy, was once an uncultivable soil-saprotrophic ascomycete mushroom that can now be cultivated routinely in farmland soils. It acquires carbon nutrients from an aboveground nutritional supplementation, while it remains unknown how the morel mycelium together with associated microbiota in the substratum metabolizes and accumulates specific nutrients to support the fructification. In this study, a semi-synthetic substratum of quartz particles mixed with compost was used as a replacement and mimic of the soil.

Polysaccharides Inhibited Colonic Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mice Foxp3+ T Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Bacterial Metabolites.

is an edible medicinal mushroom, and its polysaccharide components are found to confer various health benefits. This study identified the protective effects of polysaccharides of (TPs) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. High dose of TPs (HTPs) could prevent the colon from shortening, reduce activity of colonic myeloperoxidase and serum diamine oxidase (DAO), decrease the concentration of D-lactate, and alleviate the colonic tissue damage in colitic mice.

Corrigendum: He XL, Horak E, Wang D, Li TH, Peng WH, Gan BC (2019) Descriptions of five new species in Entoloma subgenus Claudopus from China, with molecular phylogeny of s.l. MycoKeys 61: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.61.46446.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.61.

Descriptions of five new species in subgenus from China, with molecular phylogeny of s.l.

Entoloma subgenus Claudopus is widely distributed, yet the taxonomy and systematics of its species are still poorly documented. In the present study, more than forty collections of were gathered in China and subsequently analysed, based on morphological and molecular data. The results revealed first a high level of species diversity of in China and second, there is a wide ecological range regarding the substrates and the habitats ranging from temperate, tropical to subalpine locations.

Multi-omic analyses of exogenous nutrient bag decomposition by the black morel Morchella importuna reveal sustained carbon acquisition and transferring.

The black morel (Morchella importuna Kuo, O'Donnell and Volk) was once an uncultivable wild mushroom, until the development of exogenous nutrient bag (ENB), making its agricultural production quite feasible and stable. To date, how the nutritional acquisition of the morel mycelium is fulfilled to trigger its fruiting remains unknown. To investigate the mechanisms involved in ENB decomposition, the genome of a cultivable morel strain (M.

Validation of reference genes for quantitative gene expression analysis in Auricularia cornea.

Auricularia cornea Ehrenb., previously named A. polytricha (Mont.

Manganese affects the growth and metabolism of based on LC-MS analysis.

Background: As a metal-enriched edible fungus, is capable of adsorbing manganese effectively. And the manganese ion is demonstrated to play an important role in the synthesis of manganese peroxidase (Mnp) and other physiological activities during growth. Recently, the influence of manganese on the metabolites of fruiting bodies can be revealed through metabonomics technique.