Invasive mechanical ventilation strategies, adjuvants treatments and adverse events among ICU patients with COVID-19 in Denmark.

Aim: To describe the use of invasive mechanical ventilation core strategies, adjuvant treatments and the occurrence of barotrauma and prolonged ventilation in ICU patients with COVID-19 in Denmark, retrospectively.

Methods: All ICUs admitting COVID-19 patients in Denmark from 10 March 2020 to 2 April 2021 were invited to participate. All patients with COVID-19 who received invasive mechanical ventilation were included and data was retrospectively collected from electronic patient records.

Investigations of Metallurgical Differences in AISI 347 and Their Influence on Deformation and Transformation Behaviour and Resulting Fatigue Life.

Due to variations in chemical composition and production processes, homonymous austenitic stainless steels can differ significantly regarding their initial microstructure, metastability, and thus, their fatigue behavior. Microstructural investigations and fatigue tests have been performed in order to evaluate this aspect. Three different batches and production forms of nominally one type of steel AISI 347 were investigated under monotonic tensile tests and cyclic loading under total strain and stress control in low and high cycle fatigue regimes, respectively.

Investigation of Oxide Layer Development of X6CrNiNb18-10 Stainless Steel Exposed to High-Temperature Water.

The oxide layer development of X6CrNiNb18-10 (AISI 347) during exposure to high-temperature water has been investigated. Stainless steels are known to form a dual oxide layer in corrosive environments. The secondary Fe-rich oxide layer has no significant protective effect.

Investigation of Tool Degradation during Friction Stir Welding of Hybrid Aluminum-Steel Sheets in a Combined Butt and Overlap Joint.

Friction stir welding, as a solid-state welding technique, is especially suitable for effectively joining high-strength aluminum alloys, as well as for multi-material welds. This research investigates the friction stir welding of thin aluminum and steel sheets, an essential process in the production of hybrid tailor-welded blanks employed in deep drawing applications. Despite its proven advantages, the welding process exhibits variable outcomes concerning formability and joint strength when utilizing an H13 welding tool.

Micro-Twinning in IN738LC Manufactured with Laser Powder Bed Fusion.

Components manufactured with Metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) are built in a layerwise fashion. The PBF-LB/M build orientation affects grain morphology and orientation. Depending on the build orientation, microstructures from equiaxed to textured grains can develop.

Residual Stress Formation Mechanisms in Laser Powder Bed Fusion-A Numerical Evaluation.

Additive manufacturing methods, such as the laser powder bed fusion, do not need any special tool or casting mold. This enables the fast realization of complex and individual geometries with integrated functions. However, the local heat input during the manufacturing process often leads to residual stresses and distortion.

Effects of 12 mg vs. 6 mg dexamethasone on thromboembolism and bleeding in patients with critical COVID-19 - a post hoc analysis of the randomized, blinded COVID STEROID 2 trial.

Background: Thromboembolism is more common in patients with critical COVID-19 than in other critically ill patients, and inflammation has been proposed as a possible mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate if 12 mg vs. 6 mg dexamethasone daily reduced the composite outcome of death or thromboembolism in patients with critical COVID-19.

Effect of Weld Length on Strength, Fatigue Behaviour and Microstructure of Intersecting Stitch-Friction Stir Welded AA 6016-T4 Sheets.

Friction stir welding is a promising joining process for boosting lightweight construction in the industrial and automotive sector by enabling the weldability of high-strength aluminum alloys. However, the high process forces usually result in large and heavy equipment for this joining method, which conflicts with flexible application. In order to circumvent this issue, a friction stir welding gun has been developed which is capable of producing short stitch welds-either stand-alone as an alternative to spot welds or merging into each other appearing like a conventional friction stir weld.

Thromboembolic and bleeding events in ICU patients with COVID-19: A nationwide, observational study.

Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an increased risk of thromboembolic complications. We describe the occurrence of thromboembolic and bleeding events in all ICU patients with COVID-19 in Denmark during the first and second waves of the pandemic.

Methods: This was a sub-study of the Danish Intensive Care Covid database, in which all patients with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to Danish ICUs from 10th March 2020 to 30th June 2021 were included.

Changes over time in characteristics, resource use and outcomes among ICU patients with COVID-19-A nationwide, observational study in Denmark.

Background: Characteristics and care of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19 may have changed during the pandemic, but longitudinal data assessing this are limited. We compared patients with COVID-19 admitted to Danish ICUs in the first wave with those admitted later.

Methods: Among all Danish ICU patients with COVID-19, we compared demographics, chronic comorbidities, use of organ support, length of stay and vital status of those admitted 10 March to 19 May 2020 (first wave) versus 20 May 2020 to 30 June 2021.

Long-term cognitive and functional status in Danish ICU patients with COVID-19.

Background: ICU admission due to COVID-19 may result in cognitive and physical impairment. We investigated the long-term cognitive and physical status of Danish ICU patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We included all patients with COVID-19 admitted to Danish ICUs between March 10 and May 19, 2020.

Distribution of delirium motor subtypes in the intensive care unit: a systematic scoping review.

Background: Delirium is the most common cerebral dysfunction in the intensive care unit (ICU) and can be subdivided into a hypoactive, hyperactive, or mixed motor subtype based on the clinical manifestation. The aim of this review was to describe the distribution, pharmacological interventions, and outcomes of delirium motor subtypes in ICU patients.

Methods: This systematic scoping review was performed according to the PRISMA-ScR and Cochrane guidelines.

Practical Approach to Eliminate Solidification Cracks by Supplementing AlMg4.5Mn0.7 with AlSi10Mg Powder in Laser Powder Bed Fusion.

The range of available aluminum alloy powders for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is restricted to mainly Al-Si based alloys. Currently aluminum alloy powders, designed for lightweight application, based on Al-Mg (5000 series), Al-Si-Mg (6000 series), or Al-Zn-Mg (7000 series), cannot be processed by LPBF without solidification cracks. This has an impact on the potential of LPBF for lightweight applications.

Feasibility Study on Additive Manufacturing of Ferritic Steels to Meet Mechanical Properties of Safety Relevant Forged Parts.

Additive manufacturing processes such as selective laser melting are rapidly gaining a foothold in safety-relevant areas of application such as powerplants or nuclear facilities. Special requirements apply to these applications. A certain material behavior must be guaranteed and the material must be approved for these applications.

Effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of Dexamethasone on the Number of Days Alive Without Life Support in Adults With COVID-19 and Severe Hypoxemia: The COVID STEROID 2 Randomized Trial.

Importance: A daily dose with 6 mg of dexamethasone is recommended for up to 10 days in patients with severe and critical COVID-19, but a higher dose may benefit those with more severe disease.

Objective: To assess the effects of 12 mg/d vs 6 mg/d of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A multicenter, randomized clinical trial was conducted between August 2020 and May 2021 at 26 hospitals in Europe and India and included 1000 adults with confirmed COVID-19 requiring at least 10 L/min of oxygen or mechanical ventilation.

Development of a brain simulator for intracranial targeting: Technical note.

Learning and enhancing of manual skills in the field of neurosurgery requires an intensive training which can be maintained by using virtual reality (VR)-based or physical model (PM)-based simulators. However, both simulator types are limited to one specific intracranial procedure, e.g.

One-step CAD/CAM titanium cranioplasty after drilling template-assisted resection of intraosseous skull base meningioma: technical note.

Introduction: Cranial defects following intra-osseous tumor removal may be large and require adequate reconstruction. CAD/CAM implants have been used for years to achieve an optimal cosmetic result. The disadvantage is that such implants require a second surgery.

Thiel embalming technique: a valuable method for teaching oral surgery and implantology.

Background: Because of its high requirements on surgical experience and the need of complete understanding of the anatomy, oral surgery and especially implantology belong to the most demanding procedures in dentistry. Therefore, hands-on courses for oral surgery and implantology are considered a prerequisite to prepare for clinical practice. To achieve teaching conditions as realistic as possible, we used a novel human cadaver embalming method enabling tissue dissection comparable with the living body.

Performance of functionally graded implants of polylactides and calcium phosphate/calcium carbonate in an ovine model for computer assisted craniectomy and cranioplasty.

Biodegradable functionally graded skull implants on the basis of polylactides and calcium phosphate/calcium carbonate were prepared in an individual mould using a combination of different processing techniques. A geometrically corresponding resection template was designed to enable a craniectomy and cranioplasty with the prepared implant in the same operation. After various preliminary experiments concerning degradation kinetics, pH evolution during degradation, micromorphology, biocompatibility tests in human osteoblast cell cultures and surgery of cadaver heads, a new large-animal model was developed for long-term in vivo studies.

Geometrically structured implants for cranial reconstruction made of biodegradable polyesters and calcium phosphate/calcium carbonate.

The aim of this study was the development of a processing pathway for manufacturing of biodegradable skull implants with individual geometry. The implants on the basis of polylactide and calcium phosphate/calcium carbonate were prepared by a combination of hot pressing and gas foaming. On the inside, the implant consists of a macroporous and faster degradable material (poly(D,L-lactide)+CaCO3) to allow the ingrowth of bone cells.

[A graded composite material for use in the area of the cranial and facial skull].

For the reconstruction of complex skull defects with individual prefabricated CAD/CAM-implants titanium is well established as bone substitution material. The aim of our studies was to optimize a composite material from polyesters and calcium phosphate. Therefore two different operating procedures (hot pressing and gas-flushing) were combined.

[Cadaver study: robot-assisted cranial resection and implantation of titanium plates].

A processing chain for the prefabrication of individual titanium implants for cranioplasty was developed at the Ruhr-University Bochum. In patients with tumours a simultaneous resection of cranial bone and insertion of the individual implant is desirable. At first resection templates were used for this.

[Reconstruction of the frontal bone with individual titanium implants after surgical therapy of osteomyelitis of the frontal bone].

Individually prefabricated titanium implants enable the reconstruction of the frontal bone after surgical therapy of osteomyelitis without compromising mechanical stability or aesthetic results. Primarily the infected bone tissue is removed. Helical computed tomographic systems are used for the aquisition of patient data.

[Combined interventions in primary management of patients with lip-jaw-palatal clefts].

Background: The continuing improvement in the care and treatment of cleft lip and palate in infants raises the question of whether the total number of surgical steps in primary cleft repair could be reduced without additional risk to the patients. A total of 108 patients, born between 1985 and 1997 with complete cleft lip and palate, were evaluated in this study. The patients were treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Ruhr-University Bochum with 106 "combined" (group A, n = 54) and 141 "separated" (group B, n = 54) operations.