Wetting behavior in the inertial phase of droplet impacts onto sub-millimeter microstructured surfaces.

Hypothesis: The shape of the wetted region after a droplet impact can vary significantly even in the early phase of the process. How much of the early spreading process occurs within the structures versus above the structures, flow regimes and local wetting at groove intersections can have effects on the sizes and shapes of the final wetted regions. Experiments and simulations: We experimentally study droplet impacts onto cubic pillars with , and side length, height and separation.

Clinical utility of brief screening measures during neuropsychological consultation for pediatric onset multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) accounts for approximately 2 to 5% of all individuals with MS and is associated with an increased risk for cognitive impairment. In recent years, neuropsychological screening questionnaires have been increasingly utilized for pediatric populations in multidisciplinary settings. This study examines the clinical utility of the Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ) and Pediatric Perceived Cognitive Functioning (Peds PCF) screening measures for identifying cognitive impairment in persons with POMS during a target neuropsychological evaluation.

Thermocapillary central lamella recess during droplet impacts onto a heated wall.

We experimentally observe a new phenomenon, the formation of a toroidal region of lower film thickness in the center of the lamella formed during high Weber number water droplet impacts onto smooth heated walls. This region forms around the air bubble, which is entrapped during the initial impact phase at the impact center. Our study encompasses a variation of the droplet size, impact velocity, surface wettability and temperature.

Short senolytic or senostatic interventions rescue progression of radiation-induced frailty and premature ageing in mice.

Cancer survivors suffer from progressive frailty, multimorbidity, and premature morbidity. We hypothesise that therapy-induced senescence and senescence progression via bystander effects are significant causes of this premature ageing phenotype. Accordingly, the study addresses the question whether a short anti-senescence intervention is able to block progression of radiation-induced frailty and disability in a pre-clinical setting.

Measurement of the lamella thickness during droplet impact onto differently wettable smooth surfaces using an extension of the LASER Pattern Shift Method with naturally occurring patterns.

This study shows that the LASER Pattern Shift Method (LPSM) is a powerful measurement technique for film thickness measurements. In this paper, the approach of the LPSM is extended, which is now able to measure the lamella thickness during droplet impacts on smooth surfaces using the naturally occurring air bubble shadows. With the help of this rather new measurement technique, the influence of different experimental parameters on the lamella thickness could be systematically assessed, e.

Air entrapment and bubble formation during droplet impact onto a single cubic pillar.

We study the vertical impact of a droplet onto a cubic pillar of comparable size placed on a flat surface, by means of numerical simulations and experiments. Strikingly, during the impact a large volume of air is trapped around the pillar side faces. Impingement upon different positions of the pillar top surface strongly influences the size and the position of the entrapped air.

In Situ Tracking of Wetting-Front Transient Heat Release on a Surface-Mounted Metal-Organic Framework.

Transient heat generation during guest adsorption and host-guest interactions is a natural phenomenon in metal-organic framework (MOF) chemistry. However, in situ tracking of such MOF released heat is an insufficiently researched field due to the fast heat dissipation to the surroundings. Herein, a facile capillary-driven liquid-imbibition approach is developed for in situ tracking of transient heat release at the wetting front of surface-mounted MOFs (SURMOFs) on cellulosic fiber substrates.

Cellular senescence in aging and age-related diseases: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases.

Aging is the major predictor for developing multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) other dementias, and Parkinson's disease (PD). Senescent cells, which can drive aging phenotypes, accumulate at etiological sites of many age-related chronic diseases. These cells are resistant to apoptosis and can cause local and systemic dysfunction.

Temporal inhibition of autophagy reveals segmental reversal of ageing with increased cancer risk.

Autophagy is an important cellular degradation pathway with a central role in metabolism as well as basic quality control, two processes inextricably linked to ageing. A decrease in autophagy is associated with increasing age, yet it is unknown if this is causal in the ageing process, and whether autophagy restoration can counteract these ageing effects. Here we demonstrate that systemic autophagy inhibition induces the premature acquisition of age-associated phenotypes and pathologies in mammals.

Prediction of Contact Angles and Density Profiles of Sessile Droplets Using Classical Density Functional Theory Based on the PCP-SAFT Equation of State.

This study demonstrates the capability of the density functional theory (DFT) formalism to predict contact angles and density profiles of model fluids and of real substances in good quantitative agreement with molecular simulations and experimental data. The DFT problem is written in cylindrical coordinates, and the solid-fluid interactions are defined as external potentials toward the fluid phase. Monte Carlo (MC) molecular simulations are conducted in order to assess the density profiles resulting from the Helmholtz energy functional used in the DFT formalism.

Velocity distributions in trapped and mobilized non-wetting phase ganglia in porous media.

Understanding the mobilisation of trapped globules of non-wetting phase during two-phase flow has been the aim of numerous studies. However, the driving forces for the mobilisation of the trapped phases are still not well understood. Also, there is little information about what happens within a globule before, at the onset and during mobilization.

Senolytics improve physical function and increase lifespan in old age.

Physical function declines in old age, portending disability, increased health expenditures, and mortality. Cellular senescence, leading to tissue dysfunction, may contribute to these consequences of aging, but whether senescence can directly drive age-related pathology and be therapeutically targeted is still unclear. Here we demonstrate that transplanting relatively small numbers of senescent cells into young mice is sufficient to cause persistent physical dysfunction, as well as to spread cellular senescence to host tissues.

Application of toluene LIF to transonic nozzle flows to identify zones of incomplete molecular mixing.

Toluene laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) has been applied to image the mixing deficit on the molecular level in the transonic wake of two different blunt-body injectors in a compressible accelerated nozzle flow. A single-color excitation and two-color detection scheme is employed to measure the signal red-shift caused by the quenching effect of molecular oxygen on the fluorescence of toluene, which reduces and red-shifts the LIF signal if both substances interact on a molecular level. To this end, toluene is injected alternatingly with O-contaning and O-free carrier gas into the air main flow.

Occurrence of temperature spikes at a wetting front during spontaneous imbibition.

It is reported that temperature rises at wetting front during water infiltration into soil. The temperature goes back to the background value after passage of water front. Different explanations have been provided for source of energy causing temperature spike.

Heat release at the wetting front during capillary filling of cellulosic micro-substrates.

Spontaneous imbibition in cellulosic materials is an expanding field of research due to the direct applicability in paper-based microfluidics. Here, we show experimentally, using simultaneous thermal and optical imaging that the temperature at the wetting front during capillary filling of paper is temporarily increased, even if the imbibed fluid and the cellulosic substrate are initially at isothermal conditions. Several liquids and two types of filter paper, characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, were investigated demonstrating a significant temperature rise at the wetting front that cannot be neglected form the process.

Visual Analysis of Inclusion Dynamics in Two-Phase Flow.

In single-phase flow visualization, research focuses on the analysis of vector field properties. In two-phase flow, in contrast, analysis of the phase components is typically of major interest. So far, visualization research of two-phase flow concentrated on proper interface reconstruction and the analysis thereof.

Assessment of physical activity of the human body considering the thermodynamic system.

Correctly dosed physical activity is the basis of a vital and healthy life, but the measurement of physical activity is certainly rather empirical resulting in limited individual and custom activity recommendations. Certainly, very accurate three-dimensional models of the cardiovascular system exist, however, requiring the numeric solution of the Navier-Stokes equations of the flow in blood vessels. These models are suitable for the research of cardiac diseases, but computationally very expensive.

Safety, tolerability, and impact on allergic inflammation of autologous E.coli autovaccine in the treatment of house dust mite asthma--a prospective open clinical trial.

Background: Asthma is increasing worldwide and results from a complex immunological interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Autovaccination with E. coli induces a strong TH-1 immune response, thus offering an option for the treatment of allergic diseases.

Design of a double diaphragm shock tube for fluid disintegration studies.

A double diaphragm shock tube facility for studying liquid-spray atomization and combustion-related phenomena at elevated pressures and temperatures is described. The present shock tube is specifically intended for the investigation of fundamental processes related to fluid disintegration and mixing under realistic engine conditions. Special features of the facility include a variable-area driver section to compensate for shock attenuation, a square test section to allow flow visualization in the postshock region, a skimmer to dispose part of the boundary layer, a heated, fast-response injector, a fully automated gas-filling system, and a new control system and electronics.

Composition measurements of binary mixture droplets by rainbow refractometry.

So far, refractive index measurements by rainbow refractometry have been used to determine the temperature of single droplets and ensembles of droplets. Rainbow refractometry is, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, applied to measure composition histories of evaporating, binary mixture droplets. An evaluation method is presented that makes use of Airy theory and the simultaneous size measurement by Mie scattering imaging.

Tissue factor cytoplasmic domain stimulates migration by activation of the GTPase Rac1 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38.

Background: Tissue factor (TF), the surface receptor for the serine protease factor VIIa (FVIIa) and the initiator of the extrinsic coagulation cascade, supports vessel development and tumor metastasis by activation of extracellular, protease-dependent signaling pathways. The molecular mechanisms that do not require proteolytic activity of FVIIa are not yet known. The aim of the study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of active-site-inhibited FVIIa (FFR-FVIIa) on TF-mediated signaling.

Heat transfer technology for internal passages of air-cooled blades for heavy-duty gas turbines.

The present review paper, although far from being complete, aims to give an overview about the present state of the art in the field of heat transfer technology for internal cooling of gas turbine blades. After showing some typical modern cooled blades, the different methods to enhance heat transfer in the internal passages of air-cooled blades are discussed. The complicated flows occurring in bends are described in detail, because of their increasing importance for modern cooling designs.

Facial-selective allylation of methyl ketones for the asymmetric synthesis of alpha-substituted tertiary homoallylic ethers.

The asymmetric synthesis of enantiomerically pure a-substituted tertiary homoallylic ethers 4a, 11 and 12a-c by the allylation of ethyl methyl ketone (la) with gamma-substituted allylsilanes 9a-h is described. The allylsilanes were obtained by a nickel-catalysed Grignard cross-coupling reaction of (E)- and (Z)-(3-iodoallyl)trimethylsilane with various Grignard reagents. The reaction of the allylsilanes with la in the presence of the trimethylsilyl ether of N-trifluoroacetylnorpseudoephedrine (3), and catalytic amounts of a mixture of trimethylsilyl triflate and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid led to the homoallylic ethers 4a, 11 and 12a-c with two new stereogenic centres, with a selectivity of 1:9 to >20:1 for the homoallylic and of 1:99 to >60:1 for the allylic centre.

Synthesis of enantiopure homoallylic ethers by reagent controlled facial selective allylation of chiral ketones.

The stereoselective allylation of chiral methyl ketones to give tertiary homoallylic ethers, which can easily be transformed into homoallylic alcohols, is described. Reaction of the enantiopure ketones 8a-d and the racemic ketones 26a-d with the norpseudoephedrine derivative 2 or ent-2 and allylsilane in the presence of a catalytic amount of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, led to a series of homoallylic ethers with good to excellent diastereoselectivity (85:15 to > 97:3). The allylation is reagent controlled and nearly independent from the stereogenic centers in the substrates.