Seven New Guanidine Derivatives and One New Hypoxanthine Derivative Isolated from the Scorpion and Potential Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity.

Twelve guanidine derivatives (-), including seven new compounds (martensiiagms A-G, -), one new hypoxanthine derivative (martensiiagm H, ), and 15 known compounds (-) were isolated from the whole body of Karsch and identified by analysis of data. Subsequent biological evaluations revealed the anti-inflammatory activity of compound . It attenuates the neuroinflammation and oxidative stress levels prompted by lipopolysaccharide.

Antimicrobial peptide AP2 ameliorates Salmonella Typhimurium infection by modulating gut microbiota.

Background: Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and proteins are essential for shaping and maintaining a healthy gut microbiota, contributing to anti-inflammatory responses and resistance to pathogen colonization. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) infection is one of the most frequently reported bacterial diseases worldwide.

Compound improves eggshell quality and egg metabolites of hens by promoting the metabolism balance of calcium and phosphorus and uterine cell proliferation.

Probiotics have beneficial effects on improving egg quality, but there is little research about the effect of probiotics on metabolite composition, and the mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms by which compound improves egg quality and metabolite composition. A total of 20,000 Jingfen No.

Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains from Chinese Fermented Food (Suanshui) and its Protective Effect on Acute Liver Injury in Mice.

Suanshui is a traditional fermented vegetable food in the southwest of China that is a rich source of probiotics. This study aimed to screen probiotics from Suanshui that have a protective effect against liver injury using in vivo and in vitro experiments. Eleven strains were isolated according to acid-producing capacity and probiotic properties, including antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria, tolerance to artificial gastrointestinal fluid and bile salts, heat resistance, antioxidant capacity, hydrophobicity, autoaggregation capacity, and adhesion capacity.

Bmal1 haploinsufficiency impairs fear memory and modulates neuroinflammation via the 5-HT2C receptor.

Background: BMAL1, a key regulator of circadian rhythms, plays a multifaceted role in brain function. However, the complex interplay between BMAL1, memory, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter regulation remains poorly understood. To investigate these interactions, we conducted a study using BMAL1-haplodeficient mice (BMAL1).

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 alleviates LPS-induced intestinal damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in piglets.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondrial dysfunction play an important role in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases. Our studies investigated the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 on jejunal mitochondria and ER in piglets under the LPS-induced intestinal injury model. Eighteen piglets (male, 21 days old) were randomly assigned to three treatments: CON (basal diet), LPS (basal diet +100 μg/kg LPS), and SC06 + LPS (basal diet +1 × 10 cfu/kg SC06 + 100 μg/kg LPS).

SARM1 deficiency induced depressive-like behavior via AMPKα/p-eEF2 axis to synapse dysfunction.

Sterile Alpha and TIR Motif Containing 1 (SARM1) are proteins implicated in various neurological processes; however, their role in depression remains unexplored. This study investigated the contribution of SARM1 to depressive-like behaviors in a chronic stress-induced depression model and SARM1 knockout (KO) mice. Depressive-like behaviors were assessed using a battery of behavioral tests, including the Open Field Test (OFT), the Forced Swim Test (FST), the Sucrose Preference Test (SPT), and the Tail Suspension Test (TST).

Curcumin protects porcine granulosa cells and mouse ovary against reproductive toxicity of aflatoxin B1 via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widespread food contaminant with toxic effects on female reproductive system. This concerns the human public health and the development of the livestock industry. Effective and feasible measures against reproductive toxicity of AFB1 are also unknown.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 Attenuated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced acute liver injury by suppressing bile acid-associated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

The involvement of the inflammatory response has been linked to the development of liver illnesses. As medications with the potential to prevent and cure liver illness, probiotics have garnered an increasing amount of interest in recent years. The present study used a piglet model with acute liver injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06.

Rosa roxburghii Tratt (Cili) has a more effective capacity in alleviating DSS-induced colitis compared to Vitamin C through B cell receptor pathway.

Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT), a traditional Chinese plant known as the 'King of Vitamin C (VitC; ascorbic acid, AsA)', contains a wealth of nutrients and functional components, including polysaccharides, organic acids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and high superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The various functional components of RRT suggest that it may theoretically have a stronger potential for alleviating colitis compared to VitC. This study aims to verify whether RRT has a stronger ability to alleviate colitis than equimolar doses of VitC and to explore the mechanisms underlying this improvement.

Hsp60 deletion in cholinergic neurons: Impact on neuroinflammation and memory.

Cholinergic circuit defects have been linked to various neurological abnormalities, yet the precise mechanisms underlying the impact of cholinergic signaling on cognitive functions, particularly in the context of neuroinflammation-associated, remain poorly understood. Similarly, while the dopamine receptor (D2R) has been implicated in the pausing of cholinergic interneurons (CIN), its relationship with behavior remains inadequately elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether D2R plays a role in the regulation of fear and memory in the Hsp60 knockout condition, given the non-canonical involvement of Hsp60 in inflammation.

Dissection of Metabolome and Transcriptome-Insights into Capsaicin and Flavonoid Accumulation in Two Typical Yunnan Xiaomila Fruits.

Pepper is an economically important vegetable worldwide, containing various specialized metabolites crucial for its development and flavor. Capsaicinoids, especially, are genus-specialized metabolites that confer a spicy flavor to fruits. In this work, two pepper cultivars, YB ( L.

attenuates the intestinal permeability, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress: transcriptome and microbiome analyses in weaned piglets.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is related to oxidative stress (OS) and leads to intestinal injury. SC06 (SC06) can regulate OS, but its roles in intestinal ER stress remains unclear. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, 32 weaned piglets were treated by two SC06 levels (0 or 1 × 10 CFU/g), either with or without diquat (DQ) injection.

AMPA receptor potentiation alleviates NLRP3 knockout-induced fear generalization in mice.

Genetic knockout and pharmaceutical inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome enhances the extinction of contextual fear memory, which is attributed to its role in neuronal and synaptic dysregulation, concurrent with neurotransmitter function disturbances. This study aimed to determine whether NLRP3 plays a role in generalizing fear via the inflammatory axis. We established the NLRP3 KO mice model, followed by behavioral and biochemical analyses.

ApoE4 dysregulation incites depressive symptoms and mitochondrial impairments in mice.

Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is involved in the stress-response processes and is hypothesized to be a risk factor for depression by means of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, their exact roles and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. ApoE4 transgenic mice (B6.

SC06 Relieving Intestinal Inflammation by Modulating Intestinal Stem Cells Proliferation and Differentiation via AhR/STAT3 Pathway in LPS-Challenged Piglets.

is a well-accepted probiotic, with many benefits for both humans and animals. The ability of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) to develop into several intestinal epithelial cell types helps accelerate intestinal epithelial regeneration. Limited knowledge exists on how bacteria regulated ISCs proliferation and regeneration.

Gut microbiota-derived 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid from pumpkin polysaccharides supplementation alleviates colitis via MAPKs-PPARγ/NF-κB inhibition.

Polysaccharides from Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) (PPs) have many pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidant, immune, and intestinal microbiota regulation. These activities have provided some reminders of its potential therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis (UC), but this has not yet been confirmed. This study preliminarily confirmed its significant anti-UC activity superior to Salicylazosulfapyridine.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 alleviated intestinal damage induced by inflammatory via modulating intestinal microbiota and intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

The aim of our research was to investigate the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 on growth performance, immune status, intestinal stem cells (ISC) proliferation and differentiation, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. Twelve piglets (male, 21 days old, 6.11 ± 0.

eIF4E phosphorylation mediated LPS induced depressive-like behaviors via ameliorated neuroinflammation and dendritic loss.

The translational defect has emerged as a common feature of neurological disorders. Studies have suggested that alterations between opposing and balanced synaptic protein synthesis and turnover processes could lead to synaptic abnormalities, followed by depressive symptoms. Further studies link this phenomenon with eIF4E and TrkB/BDNF signaling.

A novel dopamine D2 receptor-NR2B protein complex might contribute to morphine use disorders.

Dopamine receptors can form heteromeric interactions with other receptors, including glutamate receptors, and present a novel pharmacological target because it contribute to dopamine-dysregulated brain disorders such as addiction and other motor-related diseases. In addition, dopamine receptors D2 (D2Rs) and glutamate NMDA receptors subtype-NR2B have been implicated in morphine use disorders; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the heteromeric complex of these two receptors in morphine use disorders is unclear. Herein, we focus on interactions between D2R and NR2B in morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and hyperlocomotion mice models.

Rapamycin Exerts an Antidepressant Effect and Enhances Myelination in the Prefrontal Cortex of Chronic Restraint Stress Mice.

Depressive disorder is a psychiatric condition that is characterized by the core symptoms of anhedonia and learned helplessness. Myelination loss was recently found in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with depression and animal models, but the mechanism of this loss is unclear. In our previous study, chronic restraint stress (CRS) mice showed depressive-like symptoms.