Mixing due to Solution Switch Limits the Performance of Electrosorption for Desalination.

Electrosorption (ES) is a research frontier in electrochemical separation, with proven potential applications in desalination, wastewater treatment, and selective resource extraction. However, due to the limited adsorption capacity of film electrodes, ES requires short circuiting or circuit reversal, accompanied by a solution switch between the feed solution and receiving solution, to sustain desalination over many charge-discharge cycles. In previously reported studies, solution switches have been commonly ignored to simplify experimental procedures, and their impacts on separation performance are thus not well understood.

SRTRP-Net: A multi-task learning network for segmentation and prediction of stereotactic radiosurgery treatment response in brain metastases.

Before the Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) treatment, it is of great clinical significance to avoid secondary genetic damage and guide the personalized treatment plans for patients with brain metastases (BM) by predicting the response to SRS treatment of brain metastatic lesions. Thus, we developed a multi-task learning model termed SRTRP-Net to provide prior knowledge of BM ROI and predict the SRS treatment response of the lesion. In dual-encoder tumor segmentation Network (DTS-Net), two parallel encoders encode the original and mirrored multi-modal MRI images.

MHD-Net: Memory-Aware Hetero-Modal Distillation Network for Thymic Epithelial Tumor Typing With Missing Pathology Modality.

Fusing multi-modal radiology and pathology data with complementary information can improve the accuracy of tumor typing. However, collecting pathology data is difficult since it is high-cost and sometimes only obtainable after the surgery, which limits the application of multi-modal methods in diagnosis. To address this problem, we propose comprehensively learning multi-modal radiology-pathology data in training, and only using uni-modal radiology data in testing.

BTSC-TNAS: A neural architecture search-based transformer for brain tumor segmentation and classification.

Glioblastoma (GBM), isolated brain metastasis (SBM), and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) possess a high level of similarity in histomorphology and clinical manifestations on multimodal MRI. Such similarities have led to challenges in the clinical diagnosis of these three malignant tumors. However, many existing models solely focus on either the task of segmentation or classification, which limits the application of computer-aided diagnosis in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

TUCNet: A channel and spatial attention-based graph convolutional network for teeth upsampling and completion.

With the increasing popularity of the use of 3D scanning equipment in capturing oral cavity in dental health applications, the quality of 3D dental models has become vital in oral prosthodontics and orthodontics. However, the point cloud data obtained can often be sparse and thus missing information. To address this issue, we construct a high-resolution teeth point cloud completion method named TUCNet to fill up the sparse and incomplete oral point cloud collected and output a dense and complete teeth point cloud.

Nanocomposite Hydrogel Engineered Janus Membrane for Membrane Distillation with Robust Fouling, Wetting, and Scaling Resistance.

Membrane distillation (MD) is considered to be rather promising for high-salinity wastewater reclamation. However, its practical viability is seriously challenged by membrane wetting, fouling, and scaling issues arising from the complex components of hypersaline wastewater. It remains extremely difficult to overcome all three challenges at the same time.

Development and validation of a radiomics-based prediction pipeline for the response to stereotactic radiosurgery therapy in brain metastases.

Objectives: The first treatment strategy for brain metastases (BM) plays a pivotal role in the prognosis of patients. Among all strategies, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is considered a promising therapy method. Therefore, we developed and validated a radiomics-based prediction pipeline to prospectively identify BM patients who are insensitive to SRS therapy, especially those who are at potential risk of progressive disease.

BTMF-GAN: A multi-modal MRI fusion generative adversarial network for brain tumors.

Image fusion techniques have been widely used for multi-modal medical image fusion tasks. Most existing methods aim to improve the overall quality of the fused image and do not focus on the more important textural details and contrast between the tissues of the lesion in the regions of interest (ROIs). This can lead to the distortion of important tumor ROIs information and thus limits the applicability of the fused images in clinical practice.

Membrane Design Criteria and Practical Viability of Pressure-Driven Distillation.

Pressure-driven distillation (PD) is a novel desalination technology based on hydraulic pressure driving force and vapor transport across a hydrophobic porous membrane. In theory, PD offers near-perfect rejection for nonvolatile solutes, chlorine resistance, and the ability to decouple water and solute transport. Despite its advantages, pore wetting and the development of a reverse transmembrane temperature difference are potential critical concerns in PD, with the former compromising the salt rejection and the latter reducing or even eliminating the driving force for vapor transport.

An integrative non-invasive malignant brain tumors classification and Ki-67 labeling index prediction pipeline with radiomics approach.

Background: The histological sub-classes of brain tumors and the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of tumor cells are major factors in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment management of patients. Many existing studies primarily focused on the classification of two classes of brain tumors and the Ki-67LI of gliomas. This study aimed to develop a preoperative non-invasive radiomics pipeline based on multiparametric-MRI to classify-three types of brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM), metastasis (MET) and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and to predict their corresponding Ki-67LI.

Cross-Boosted Multi-Target Domain Adaptation for Multi-Modality Histopathology Image Translation and Segmentation.

Recent digital pathology workflows mainly focus on mono-modality histopathology image analysis. However, they ignore the complementarity between Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) and Immunohistochemically (IHC) stained images, which can provide comprehensive gold standard for cancer diagnosis. To resolve this issue, we propose a cross-boosted multi-target domain adaptation pipeline for multi-modality histopathology images, which contains Cross-frequency Style-auxiliary Translation Network (CSTN) and Dual Cross-boosted Segmentation Network (DCSN).

Role of pyrophosphate on the degradation of sulfamethoxazole by permanganate combined with different reductants: Positive or negative.

Activating permanganate with reductants has gained increasing attention recently for efficient organic contaminants abatement via reactive intermediate Mn species. However, few studies have been conducted to explore the role of pyrophosphate (PP), a typical complexing agent for intermediate Mn species, in activated permanganate systems. In this study, taking sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as a probe compound, the influences of PP on SMX degradation by permanganate/thiosulfate and permanganate/hydroxylamine were extensively studied.

Influence of Pyrophosphate on the Generation of Soluble Mn(III) from Reactions Involving Mn Oxides and Mn(VII).

The detection of soluble Mn(III) is typically accomplished using strong complexing agents to trap Mn(III), but the generation of soluble Mn(III) induced by strong complexing agents has seldom been considered. In this study, pyrophosphate (PP), a nonredox active ligand, was chosen as a typical Mn(III) chelating reagent to study the influence of ligands on soluble Mn(III) formation in reactions involving Mn oxides and Mn(VII). The presence of excess PP induced the generation of soluble Mn(III)-PP from α- and δ-MnO and led to the conproportionation reaction of α-, β-, δ-, or colloidal MnO with Mn(II) at pH 7.

Oscillatory cortical forces promote three dimensional cell intercalations that shape the murine mandibular arch.

Multiple vertebrate embryonic structures such as organ primordia are composed of confluent cells. Although mechanisms that shape tissue sheets are increasingly understood, those which shape a volume of cells remain obscure. Here we show that 3D mesenchymal cell intercalations are essential to shape the mandibular arch of the mouse embryo.

Dual Regulatory Functions of SUFU and Targetome of GLI2 in SHH Subgroup Medulloblastoma.

SUFU alterations are common in human Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subgroup medulloblastoma (MB). However, its tumorigenic mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, we report that loss of Sufu alone is unable to induce MB formation in mice, due to insufficient Gli2 activation.

Inhalation of Hydrogen Attenuates Progression of Chronic Heart Failure via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and P53 Related to Apoptosis Pathway in Rats.

Continuous damage from oxidative stress and apoptosis are the important mechanisms that facilitate chronic heart failure (CHF). Molecular hydrogen (H) has potentiality in the aspects of anti-oxidation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the possible mechanism of H inhalation in delaying the progress of CHF.

Hydrogen Gas Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Independent of Postconditioning in Rats by Attenuating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Autophagy.

Background/aims: To study the effect of inhaling hydrogen gas on myocardial ischemic/reperfusion(I/R) injury in rats.

Methods: Seventy male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups at random as the sham group (Sham). The I/R group (I/R), The ischemic postconditioning group (IPo), The I/R plus hydrogen group (IH2) and the ischemic postconditioning plus hydrogen group (IPoH2).

Compartment calcium model of frog skeletal muscle during activation.

Skeletal muscle contraction is triggered by a rise in calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration in the myofibrillar space. The objective of this study was to develop a voltage dependent compartment model of Ca(2+) dynamics in frog skeletal muscle fibers. The compartment model corresponds to the myofibrillar space (MS) and a calcium store, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).

A spherically-shaped PZT thin film ultrasonic transducer with an acoustic impedance gradient matching layer based on a micromachined periodically structured flexible substrate.

This paper presents the microfabrication of an acoustic impedance gradient matching layer on a spherically-shaped piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. The acoustic matching layer can be designed to achieve higher acoustic energy transmission and operating bandwidth. Also included in this paper are a theoretical analysis of the device design and a micromachining technique to produce the novel transducer.