A multi-functional protective material with atomically dispersed zincophilic sites enabling long-life zinc anodes.

Parasitic side reactions and the formation of zinc dendrites in aqueous solutions severely hinder the practical application of Zn metal anodes. Carbon materials with high electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness are promising protective materials for Zn anodes. However, the zincophobic nature of carbon materials impedes the cycling stability of zinc-ion batteries.

Rosacea Epidemiological Investigation and Etiology Exploration in the Plateau Area.

Background: The epidemiology of 2 neighboring cities of differing altitude in Northwest China is unknown. The present study investigated the prevalence of rosacea in a high-altitude city and a low-altitude city.

Methods: The prevalence study was conducted via clinical examination of male and female participants in the following age groups: 5-17, 18-30, 31-50, and 51-70 years.

Modulating the Electrolyte Microenvironment in Electrical Double Layer for Boosting Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia.

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) is a promising approach to achieve remediation of nitrate-polluted wastewater and sustainable production of ammonia. However, it is still restricted by the low activity, selectivity and Faraday efficiency for ammonia synthesis. Herein, we propose an effective strategy to modulate the electrolyte microenvironment in electrical double layer (EDL) by mediating alkali metal cations in the electrolyte to enhance the NORR performance.

FgPfn participates in vegetative growth, sexual reproduction, pathogenicity, and fungicides sensitivity via affecting both microtubules and actin in the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum species complexes (FGSG), is an epidemic disease in wheat and poses a serious threat to wheat production and security worldwide. Profilins are a class of actin-binding proteins that participate in actin depolymerization. However, the roles of profilins in plant fungal pathogens remain largely unexplored.

FgMet3 and FgMet14 related to cysteine and methionine biosynthesis regulate vegetative growth, sexual reproduction, pathogenicity, and sensitivity to fungicides in .

is a destructive filamentous fungus, which widely exists in wheat and other cereal crops. Cysteine and Methionine are unique sulfur-containing amino acids that play an essential role in protein synthesis and cell life, but their functions and regulation in remain largely unknown. Here we identified two proteins, FgMet3 and FgMet14 in , which are related to the synthesis of cysteine and methionine.

Tensile behaviors of layer-to-layer 2.5D angle-interlock woven composites with/without a center hole at various temperatures.

The temperature-dependent mechanical behaviors of open-hole composite plates are essential for composite design and structures. Here, tensile experiments of shallow straight-link-shaped 2.5D woven composites (abbr.

Enhancing Delithiation Reversibility of LiSi Alloy of Silicon Nanoparticles-Carbon/Graphite Anode Materials for Stable-Cycling Lithium Ion Batteries by Restricting the Silicon Particle Size.

Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) with a median size of 51 nm are prepared by the sand mill from waste silicon, and then carbon-interweaved SiNPs/graphite anode materials are designed. Because of the size of SiNPs is restricted below a critical fracture size of 150 nm as well as the rational decoration of carbon and graphite, fracture of SiNPs, and volume deformation of active materials are highly alleviated, leading to low impedance, enhanced electrochemical reaction kinetics, and good electronic connection between active materials and current collector. Furthermore, delithiation reversibility of the formed crystalline LiSi alloy is enhanced.

Preparation of Si-SiO nanoparticles from volatile residue produced by refining of silicon.

Residual Si was produced on a furnace wall when upgraded metallurgical grade Si was refined by electron beam melting. It was then recycled to prepare Si-SiO nanoparticles with an average size of 100 nm by planetary ball milling. The obtained Si-SiO nanoparticles mainly consist of amorphous Si, crystalline Si and amorphous SiO, which was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, XPS and TEM.

Concordant effects of aromatase inhibitors on gene expression in ER+ Rat and human mammary cancers and modulation of the proteins coded by these genes.

Aromatase inhibitors are effective in therapy/prevention of estrogen receptor-positive (ER⁺) breast cancers. Rats bearing methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced ER⁺ mammary cancers were treated with the aromatase inhibitor vorozole (1.25 mg/kg BW/day) for five days.

Functional characterization of CLPTM1L as a lung cancer risk candidate gene in the 5p15.33 locus.

Cleft Lip and Palate Transmembrane Protein 1-Like (CLPTM1L), resides in a region of chromosome 5 for which copy number gain has been found to be the most frequent genetic event in the early stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This locus has been found by multiple genome wide association studies to be associated with lung cancer in both smokers and non-smokers. CLPTM1L has been identified as an overexpressed protein in human ovarian tumor cell lines that are resistant to cisplatin, which is the only insight thus far into the function of CLPTM1L.

MicroRNA profiling and prediction of recurrence/relapse-free survival in stage I lung cancer.

About 30% stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing resection will recur. Robust prognostic markers are required to better manage therapy options. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs of 19-25 nt and play important roles in gene regulation in human cancers.

Genome-wide association and fine mapping of genetic loci predisposing to colon carcinogenesis in mice.

To identify the genetic determinants of colon tumorigenesis, 268 male mice from 33 inbred strains derived from different genealogies were treated with azoxymethane (AOM; 10 mg/kg) once a week for six weeks to induce colon tumors. Tumors were localized exclusively within the distal colon in each of the strains examined. Inbred mouse strains exhibit a large variability in genetic susceptibility to AOM-induced colon tumorigenesis.

Chemopreventive effect of a mixture of Chinese Herbs (antitumor B) on chemically induced oral carcinogenesis.

In this study, we evaluated chemopreventive efficacy of Antitumor B, a Chinese herbal mixture of six plants (Sophora tonkinensis, Polygonum bistorta, Prunella vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis L., Dictamnus dasycarpus, and Dioscorea bulbifera) on the development of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) induced oral squamous cell carcinomas in A/J mice. Antitumor B, delivered through diet, inhibited 4NQO-induced oral cancer development by 59.

Modulation of gene expression and cell-cycle signaling pathways by the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa) in rat urinary bladder cancer.

The epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor Iressa has shown strong preventive efficacy in the N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (OH-BBN) model of bladder cancer in the rat. To explore its antitumor mechanism, we implemented a systems biology approach to characterize gene expression and signaling pathways in rat urinary bladder cancers treated with Iressa. Eleven bladder tumors from control rats, seven tumors from rats treated with Iressa, and seven normal bladder epithelia were profiled by the Affymetrix Rat Exon 1.

Chemoprevention of lung carcinogenesis by the combination of aerosolized budesonide and oral pioglitazone in A/J mice.

Budesonide, a synthetic glucocorticoid used for treating asthma, and pioglitazone, a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ ligand used for the treatment of diabetes, were evaluated for their combinational chemopreventive efficacy on mouse lung cancer using female A/J mice with benzo(a)pyrene used as the carcinogen. All chemopreventive treatments began 2-wk post-carcinogen treatment and continued daily for 20 wk. Budesonide was administered by the aerosol route using an improved aerosol delivery system.

Cross-species comparison of orthologous gene expression in human bladder cancer and carcinogen-induced rodent models.

Genes differentially expressed by tumor cells represent promising drug targets for anti-cancer therapy. Such candidate genes need to be validated in appropriate animal models. This study examined the suitability of rodent models of bladder cancer in B6D2F1 mice and Fischer-344 rats to model clinical bladder cancer specimens in humans.

Chemopreventive effects of pioglitazone on chemically induced lung carcinogenesis in mice.

Pioglitazone [(RS)-5-(4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]benzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione] is a ligand of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ that is approved for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ has been associated with anticancer activities in a variety of cancer cell lines through inhibition of proliferation and promotion of apoptosis. We examined the effect of pioglitazone on lung cancer development in carcinogen-induced lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Preventive effects of bexarotene and budesonide in a genetically engineered mouse model of small cell lung cancer.

In the present study, we examined the effect of bexarotene (Targretin) and budesonide in the chemoprevention of small cell lung carcinoma using a lung-specific knockout model of Rb1 and p53. Upon treatment with bexarotene, tumor incidence, number, and load were significantly reduced (P < 0.05).

Haplotype and cell proliferation analyses of candidate lung cancer susceptibility genes on chromosome 15q24-25.1.

Recent genome-wide association studies have linked the chromosome 15q24-25.1 locus to nicotine addiction and lung cancer susceptibility. To refine the 15q24-25.

Identification of Las2, a major modifier gene affecting the Pas1 mouse lung tumor susceptibility locus.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Here, we describe a genome-wide association study of chemically induced lung tumorigenesis on 593 mice from 21 inbred strains using 115,904 genotyped and 1,952,918 imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Using a genetic background-controlled genome search, we identified a novel lung tumor susceptibility gene Las2 (Lung adenoma susceptibility 2) on distal chromosome 18.

[The mechanism of inhibitory effect on parotid gland secretion with local injection of botulinum toxin type A in the rat].

Objective: To determine the mechanism of inhibitory effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on parotid gland secretion.

Methods: Female Wistar rats (n = 18) were randomly divided into saline injection group (n = 6) and BTX-A injection group ( n = 12), respectively. 0.

Fine mapping of chromosome 6q23-25 region in familial lung cancer families reveals RGS17 as a likely candidate gene.

Purpose: We have previously mapped a major susceptibility locus influencing familial lung cancer risk to chromosome 6q23-25. However, the causal gene at this locus remains undetermined. In this study, we further refined this locus to identify a single candidate gene, by fine mapping using microsatellite markers and association studies using high-density single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP).

Enhanced susceptibility to chemical induction of ovarian tumors in mice with a germ line p53 mutation.

Mice with a germ line p53 mutation (p53(Ala135Val/wt)) display increased susceptibility to lung, skin, and colon carcinogenesis. Here, we show that p53(Ala135Val/wt) mice developed ovarian tumors significantly more rapidly than their wild-type littermates after 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) treatment. Approximately 50% of the ovarian tumors in p53(wt/wt) mice and 23% in p53(Ala135Val/wt) mice are adenocarcinomas and the remaining tumors were adenocarcinoma mixed with sarcoma or ovarian sarcomas.

Common human cancer genes discovered by integrated gene-expression analysis.

Background: Microarray technology enables a standardized, objective assessment of oncological diagnosis and prognosis. However, such studies are typically specific to certain cancer types, and the results have limited use due to inadequate validation in large patient cohorts. Discovery of genes commonly regulated in cancer may have an important implication in understanding the common molecular mechanism of cancer.

Botulinum toxin therapy in the ovalbumin-sensitized rat.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether intranasal administration of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) could relieve the typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) and alter substance P (SP)- and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive (IR) expression in nasal mucosa of AR animals sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA).

Methods: AR was induced by intraperitoneal injection of OVA followed by its repeated intranasal instillation in female Wistar rats. Some AR animals were intranasally treated with a cotton strip containing BTX-A (10 U per nostril) for 1 h.