Updates on medical and surgical managements of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are leading causes of vision loss globally. This is a comprehensive review focused on both medical and surgical management strategies for DR and DME. This review highlights the epidemiology of DR and DME, with a particular emphasis on the Asia-Pacific region, urban-rural disparities, ethnic variations, and grading methodologies.

Evaluating the effect of 0.125% atropine on foveal microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography.

This study investigated alterations in the foveal microvasculature following the administration of 0.125% atropine in myopic children. In this prospective study, 63 eyes from 36 individuals aged 5-18 years with myopia were administered 0.

Establishing an objective quantitative method for assessing the severity of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity.

Background: To establish an objective method for assessing plus disease severity in retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods: Six images of plus diseases that were color-coded according to severity and published in the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition (ICROP3) were analyzed. These images were individually processed, and the best-fit curve and vessel course in zone I were obtained using ImageJ software.

Measurements of Objective Cyclotorsion in a Population of Healthy Children.

This study aimed to compare ocular torsion measurements to investigate normative objective cyclotorsion values in a population of healthy, full-term and preterm children. The participants enrolled in this study had an age range of 3-12 years and were divided into two groups, full-term (gestational age (GA) > 37 weeks) and preterm without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (GA ≤ 37 weeks). The disc-center-fovea angle (DFA) was used to evaluate ocular torsion using two different imaging modalities: optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a 55-degree field of view (FV) and conventional fundus photography (CFP) with a 45-degree FV.

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes in Unilateral Coats Disease: A Global Collaborative Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in unilateral Coats disease in the era of anti-VEGF therapy.

Design: Global, multicenter, retrospective case series.

Subjects: Six hundred fifty-six eyes of 656 subjects with Coats disease were included in this study.

Synthesis, Properties, and Biocompatibility of 4-Carboxyphenyboronic Acid-Modified Gelatin-Methacryloyl: A Hydrogel for Retinal Surgeries.

The current surgical adjunctive for vitreoretinal surgeries fails to provide an adequate 3D structure for cellular regeneration. A one-pot synthesis of gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) followed by modification with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (4-CPBA) was performed to fabricate 4-CPBA-modified GelMA (4CPBA@GelMA), a gelatin-based hydrogel. 4CPBA@GelMA was photo-cross-linked by 405 nm violet light and examined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and rheometry.

Privacy-Preserving Technology Using Federated Learning and Blockchain in Protecting against Adversarial Attacks for Retinal Imaging.

Purpose: Collaboration provides valuable data for robust artificial intelligence (AI) model development. Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-enhancing technology that allows collaboration while respecting privacy via the development of models without raw data transfer. However state-of-the-art FL models still face challenges in non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) health care settings and remain susceptible to privacy breaches.

Retinal detachment and mortality in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis: A multicenter study in taiwan.

Purpose: To characterize patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and identify risk factors for retinal detachment (RD) and mortality in this Taiwanese patient population.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with CMV retinitis between 2007 and 2019. The diagnosis was confirmed through aqueous polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Long-term surgical outcomes and prognostic factors for advanced-stage retinopathy of prematurity after vitrectomy.

Background/aims: The aims of this study is to evaluate the anatomic, visual outcomes and associated prognostic factors in patients with advanced retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) following vitrectomy.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with ROP who underwent vitrectomy from 2005 to 2016 was conducted. All the patients had a follow-up period of at least 5 years.

A Competition for the Diagnosis of Myopic Maculopathy by Artificial Intelligence Algorithms.

Importance: Myopic maculopathy (MM) is a major cause of vision impairment globally. Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) algorithms for detecting MM from fundus images could potentially improve diagnosis and assist screening in a variety of health care settings.

Objectives: To evaluate DL algorithms for MM classification and segmentation and compare their performance with that of ophthalmologists.

Neonatal gut microbiota profile and the association with retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants.

Background: To explore the role of gut microbiota in preterm infants at high risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: Preterm infants with gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks and/or birth weight (BW) < 1500 g born between 2020 and 2021 were prospectively enrolled. Their faecal samples were collected and analysed at different postnatal ages of life using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Miseq platform.

Relations between Neurocognitive Function and Visual Acuity: A Cross-Sessional Study in a Cohort of Premature Children.

Background: Premature children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) have been reported to an have increased risk of visual and neurocognitive impairments, yet little is known about whether vision could affect specific neurocognition. This study aimed to clarify the correlations between neurocognition and vision in premature children.

Materials And Methods: This is a nonrandomized, cross-sectional, observational study in a pediatric cohort with five groups: (1) full-term (n = 25), (2) prematurity without ROP (n = 154), (3) prematurity with ROP but without treatment (n = 39), (4) prematurity with ROP and with bevacizumab (IVB) treatment (n = 62), and (5) prematurity with ROP and with laser/laser + IVB treatment (n = 20).

Systemic effects of anti-VEGF intravitreal injection in patients with age-related macular degeneration: A multi-institutional real-world study.

Purpose: In individuals aged >50 years, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept) show good efficacy and similar incidences of systemic adverse events (SAEs). However, comparative studies between agents are limited.

ADMINISTERING INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: 8-Year Cognitive Outcomes In A Prospective Cohort.

Purpose: Determine whether intravitreal injection of bevacizumab exerts long-term effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) when reaching the age of 8 years.

Methods: In total, 277 children were enrolled. Patients were stratified into full-term, preterm without ROP, ROP without treatment, or ROP with treatment groups, based on gestational age and ROP status.

Association Between Pentoxifylline Use and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Multi-Institutional Cohort Study.

Background: Pentoxifylline is administrated to improve the hemodynamics of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the improvement of capillary blood flow velocity in retina after pentoxifylline use, no evidence has been provided to prove the protective effect for diabetic retinopathy (DR). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the risk of DR in pentoxifylline users with CKD and diabetes mellitus (DM).

A Surgical Approach for Managing Refractory Macular Holes Using the Human Amniotic Membrane Patch Technique.

To introduce a novel surgical technique using the human amniotic membrane (hAM) patch technique to address refractory macular holes (MHs). After vitrectomy, the hAM patch was positioned on top of the MH with the chorion side facing downward. Viscoat (Alcon Laboratories) was applied on top of the hAM patch for better fixation.

Corneal Endothelial Morphology and Ocular Biometric Indexes in Premature Children With and Without Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) morphology and ocular biometrics in premature (PM) children with or without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: Retrospective data on patient demographics, HCECs status, and ocular biometrics with at least 2 visits between 2016 and 2021 were reviewed. The main outcomes were endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonal cell ratio (HEX), central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length, anterior chamber depth, keratometry, corneal diameter, pupil diameter, and refraction status.

Magnetic metal-organic frameworks as sensitive aptasensors for coronavirus spike protein.

Electrochemical biosensors, known for their low cost, sensitivity, selectivity, and miniaturization capabilities, are ideal for point-of-care devices. The magnetic metal-organic framework (MMOF), synthesized using the in-situ growth method, consists of ferric salt, magnetic nanoparticles, histidine, and benzene tetracarboxylic acid. MMOF was sequentially modified with aptamer-biotin and streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase, serving as a detector for spike protein and a transducer converting electrochemical signals using HO-hydroquinone on a screen-printed electrode.

Increased late-onset glaucoma risk following vitrectomy for macular pucker or hole.

Objectives: The long-term risk of developing glaucoma after vitrectomy remains uncertain. This retrospective population-based cohort study aimed to explore this risk following vitrectomy for macular pucker or hole.

Methods: Utilizing Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), we included patients who were older than 18 years and had undergone vitrectomy surgery between 2011 and 2019.

Intravitreal Aflibercept vs Laser Therapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Two-Year Efficacy and Safety Outcomes in the Nonrandomized Controlled Trial FIREFLEYE next.

Importance: Prospective long-term data after retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections vs laser therapy are scarce. The FIREFLEYE (Aflibercept for ROP IVT Injection vs Laser Therapy) next trial is prospectively evaluating the long-term efficacy and safety outcomes following ROP treatment with intravitreal aflibercept vs laser therapy.

Objective: To evaluate 2-year ophthalmic and safety outcomes after 0.

Noncontact optical device for measuring blood glucose in aqueous humor: a pilot clinical study investigating correlation with blood glucose levels.

Significance: Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial for individuals with diabetes. Noninvasive methods for measuring serum glucose levels have been explored to aid in blood glucose control for diabetes management.

Aim: We introduced a noncontact optical glucometer (NCGM) for measuring glucose levels in the aqueous humor of the human eye.

Comparing the morphology of optic nerve head and lamina cribrosa in full-term and preterm school-aged children.

Objectives: To evaluate the morphology of lamina cribrosa (LC) in preterm school-aged children.

Methods: A study of 120 eyes from 120 patients, including 42 full-term children (control group), 41 preterm children without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), 16 children with ROP treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), and 21 children with ROP treated with laser. Five parameters of LC were measured by optical coherence tomography, including Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) diameter, minimum rim width (MRW), LC depth, prelaminar tissue (PLT) thickness, and LC curvature index (LCCI).

Association of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk of retinal vascular occlusion: A real-world retrospective cohort study in Taiwan.

Aims: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are proposed to alleviate the development of inflammatory eye diseases. However, the association between SGLT2i and retinal vascular occlusion remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of SGLT2i on the incidence of retinal vascular occlusion.