Nonlinearity of a double-path interferometer qualified with a non-constant moving speed.

A new double-path heterodyne interferometer with spatially separated input beams was developed to minimize the influence of periodic errors. The fully fiber-coupled optics exhibit balanced beam paths which reduce the influence of variations of the ambient conditions. The use of corner cube reflectors enables the interferometer to tolerate larger angular motions of the measuring mirror, compared with common plane mirror interferometers.

On the anisotropy of skeletal muscle tissue under compression.

This paper deals with the role of the muscle fibres and extracellular matrix (ECM) components when muscle tissue is subjected to compressive loads. To this end, dissected tissue samples were tested in compression modes which induced states of fibres in compression (I), in tension (II) or at constant length (III), respectively. A comparison of the stress responses indicated that the tissue behaviour is significantly different for these modes, including differences between the modes (I) and (III).

Association between chronic periodontal and apical inflammation and acute myocardial infarction.

Evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests that periodontal diseases may exert a weak to moderate influence on the severity and course of coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an association between chronic oral infections and the presence of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) exists. A total of 248 patients after AMI and 249 healthy controls were recruited for this study.

Three-dimensional surface geometries of the rabbit soleus muscle during contraction: input for biomechanical modelling and its validation.

There exists several numerical approaches to describe the active contractile behaviour of skeletal muscles. These models range from simple one-dimensional to more advanced three-dimensional ones; especially, three-dimensional models take up the cause of describing complex contraction modes in a realistic way. However, the validation of such concepts is challenging, as the combination of geometry, material and force characteristics is so far not available from the same muscle.

[Evaluation of a cell block method in cytological diagnostics].

Background: Cell block procedures have now become an established part of cytological diagnostics. In this study a cytoblock technique based on the plasma-thrombin method was evaluated.

Materials And Methods: In total 389 consecutive cytological samples were initially analyzed by the classical procedure and then by the cell block technique.

Intraoral cameras as a computer-aided diagnosis tool for root canal orifices.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic advantage of a new software tool in combination with an intraoral camera for automatic detection of root canal orifices in life videos via the access cavity of extracted human molars. The performance of a predoctoral dental student analyzing the images of the camera (without automatic detection) was compared with that of an experienced observer. Sensitivity and confidence intervals were provided and compared with histological slices of 200 teeth used for evaluation.

A coupled electromechanical model for the excitation-dependent contraction of skeletal muscle.

This work deals with the development and implementation of an electromechanical skeletal muscle model. To this end, a recently published hyperelastic constitutive muscle model with transversely isotropic characteristics, see Ehret et al. (2011), has been weakly coupled with Ohm's law describing the electric current.

Computerized tomography (CT), electroencephalography (EEG), and clinical symptoms in severe cranio-cerebral injuries: A comparative study.

In the first six months of 1977 156 patients with craniocerebral injuries underwent computerized tomography. Twelve had severe deficits which led to neurosurgical interventions. Only five had space-occupying haematomas.

[Clinical features of malignant follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (author's transl)].

75 cases treated between 1970 and 1976 for malignant follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were analysed for their cardinal signs. Contrary to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of "higher malignancy degree", the average age of patients with malignant follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is generally over 50 years, being more common in females. By the time the diagnosis is made a generalised stage has usually been reached.

Breast-feeding: First thoughts.

Factors responsible for negative attitudes toward breast-feeding are discussed. These factors do not relate to the relative properties of bottle or breast milk, but to anxieties and conflicts women experience in relation to their breasts and sexuality. A review of factual data in the literature that can be brought to bear in the clinical management of these anxieties is presented.