Energy- and angle-resolved coherent control on photoelectron dynamics by a directionality orthogonal double-slit interferometry.

We propose a directionality orthogonal double-slit interferometry to control photoelectron dynamics in energy- and angle-resolved fashion. The two orthogonal components of polarization-skewed (PS) laser pulse, in which the total polarization vector rotates as time evolves, can be regarded as the double-slit in the time domain. Our results demonstrate that the peak splitting and shift in photoelectron momentum distributions can be controlled by the relative optical phase between two components of the PS pulse.

Time Delays as Attosecond Probe of Interelectronic Coherence and Entanglement.

Attosecond chronoscopy enables the exploration of correlated electron dynamics in real time. One key observable of attosecond physics is the determination of "time zero" of photoionization, the time delay with which the wave packet of the ionized electron departs from the ionic core. This observable has become accessible by experimental advances in attosecond streaking and reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBIT) techniques.

Neglected errors in ligament reconstruction surgery may increase graft-tunnel mismatch: A biomechanical study.

Tunnel widening is a frequent problem following arthroscopic ligament reconstruction surgery that may primarily arise from a graft-tunnel mismatch caused by errors in surgical instruments and methods. The present study aimed to observe the influence of current surgical instruments and methods on graft-tunnel matching. We established an in vitro model using porcine Achilles tendons and tibias, and compared traditional surgical instruments (control group) with custom instruments (experimental group).

Proteomic and metabolomic analyses illustrate the mechanisms of expression of the O -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene in glioblastoma.

Aim: Glioblastoma (GBM) has been reported to be the most common high-grade primary malignant brain tumor in clinical practice and has a poor prognosis. O -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation has been related to prolonged overall survival (OS) in GBM patients after temozolomide treatment.

Methods: Proteomics and metabolomics were combined to explore the dysregulated metabolites and possible protein expression alterations in white matter (control group), MGMT promoter unmethylated GBM (GBM group) or MGMT promoter methylation positive GBM (MGMT group).

Deep-Learning-Enabled Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Tomography Based on ResAttU-Net for Transcranial Brain Hemorrhage Detection.

Objective: Hemorrhagic stroke is a leading threat to human's health. The fast-developing microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (MITAT) technique holds potential to do brain imaging. However, transcranial brain imaging based on MITAT is still challenging due to the involved huge heterogeneity in speed of sound and acoustic attenuation of human skull.

Improved detectivity and response speed of MoS phototransistors based on the negative-capacitance effect and defect engineering.

Due to the unique crystal structure, outstanding optoelectronic properties and a tunable band gap from 1.2-1.8 eV, two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS) has attracted extensive attention as a promising candidate for future photodetectors.

Identification of ubiquitin-specific protease 32 as an oncogene in glioblastoma and the underlying mechanisms.

Glioblastoma (GBM) patients present poor prognosis. Deubiquitination by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) is a critical process in cancer progression. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) constitute the largest sub-family of DUBs.

Awake craniotomy for removal of gliomas in eloquent areas: An analysis of 21 cases.

Objective: To discuss the techniques and methods in respective operation of brain gliomas located in eloquent brain region under awake anesthesia state METHODS: 21 patients admitted into Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were chosen as subject. Diagnosed with brain gliomas, they received operation with neuronavigation, intraoperative ultrasonography for locating the lesion and intraoperative direct electric stimulation for functional mapping of the eloquent brain region after receiving awake anesthesia. All patients were followed up from post-surgical 3 months to 18 months.

Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced protein dysregulation correlated with mirror image pain as assessed by quantitative proteomics of the mouse spinal cord.

Inflammation or trauma occurring on one side of the body can cause pathological pain on the contralateral noninjured side in a phenomenon called mirror-image pain (MIP). Although some potential mechanisms involved in MIP have been reported, including those involving the immune system and glial cells as well as neural mechanisms, the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms in MIP using quantitative proteomics and whole-cell patch clamp recordings.

Organocatalytic β,γ-Selective Activation of Deconjugated Butenolides Access to Chiral Tricyclic Chroman-butyrolactones.

A highly efficient method for the β,γ-selective activation of deconjugated butenolides has been developed through an organocatalytic asymmetric vinylogous cascade reaction. This protocol enables the construction of a broad range of substituted tricyclic chroman-butyrolactones by vinylogous Michael/oxa-Michael pathways in good yield (up to 89%) with good to high enantioselectivity (up to 97:3 er) and excellent diastereoselectivity. The ring-opening esterification of butyrolactones was also demonstrated.

Intensity-dependent angular distribution of low-energy electrons generated by intense high-frequency laser pulse.

By solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we investigate the angular distributions of the low-energy electrons when an intense high-frequency laser pulse is applied to the hydrogen atom. Our numerical results show that the angular distributions of the low-energy electrons which generated by the nonadiabatic transitions sensitively depend on the laser intensity. The angular distributions evolve from a two-lobe to a four-lobe structure as the laser intensity increases.

The Efficacy and Safety of Programmed Death-1 and Programmed Death Ligand 1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage where only systemic treatment can be offered. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provides hope for the treatment of HCC. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of ICIs in the treatment of HCC.

Photon Momentum Transfer in Single-Photon Double Ionization of Helium.

We theoretically and experimentally investigate the photon momentum transfer in single-photon double ionization of helium at various large photon energies. We find that the forward shifts of the momenta along the light propagation of the two photoelectrons are roughly proportional to their fraction of the excess energy. The mean value of the forward momentum is about 8/5 of the electron energy divided by the speed of light.

Two-Electron Interference in Strong-Field Ionization of He by a Short Intense Extreme Ultraviolet Laser Pulse.

Double ionization of helium by a single intense (above 10^{18}  W/cm^{2}) linearly polarized extreme ultraviolet laser pulse is studied by numerically solving the full-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. For the laser intensities well beyond the perturbative limit, novel gridlike interference fringes are found in the correlated energy spectrum of the two photoelectrons. The interference can be traced to the multitude of two-electron wave packets emitted at different ionization times.

Low-energy photoelectron interference structure in attosecond streaking.

By numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we theoretically investigate the dynamics of the low-energy photoelectrons ionized by a single attosecond pulse in the presence of an infrared laser field. The obtained photoelectron momentum distributions exhibit complicated interference structures. With the semiclassical model, the originations for the different types of the interference structures are unambiguously identified.

Dynamic interference as signature of atomic stabilization.

We study the ionization of atoms by very intense linearly polarized pulse with moderately high frequency by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). In this regime, the photon energy exceeds the ionization potential allowing for one-photon ionization which is, however, strongly influenced by strong nonlinear photon-atom interactions. We find that the onset of atomic stabilization can be monitored by the appearance of a dynamic interference pattern in the photoelectron spectrum.

Efficient Split-Lanczos propagator for strong-field ionization of atoms.

High angular momentum partial waves are indispensable in the numerical calculations of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) for the interaction between atoms and strong long-wavelength laser pulses. In these cases, the widely-applied Lanczos propagator, used to solve the TDSE, requires an extremely small time step to be convergent. By splitting out the centrifugal potential from the whole Hamiltonian, we demonstrate that the stiffness of the TDSE can be reduced and a rather large time step is allowed for the present Split-Lanczos propagator.

miR-455-5p functions as a potential oncogene by targeting galectin-9 in colon cancer.

Although there is evidence that galectin-9 is a critical factor in health and disease, the upstream regulatory microRNA (miRNA or miR) of the protein remains poorly defined. miR-455-5p is characterized as a tumor-associated miRNA in cancer research. However, the actual role of miR-455-5p with respect to inhibiting or promoting tumorigenesis in colon cancer is unclear.

Association between FOXP3 gene polymorphisms and risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in Chinese Han population.

Background: Foxp3 plays important roles in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as human malignancies. This study aimed to investigate the association between Foxp3 gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC).

Methods: Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 350 DTC patients and 306 healthy controls.

Role of PALB2 Polymorphisms with Regard to Susceptibility to Female Breast Cancer Risk in the Chinese Population.

Aims: PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2) is a nuclear partner of BRCA2 and promotes its localization and stability in the nucleus, allowing it to function in DNA repair and at the S-phase checkpoint. It has been hypothesized that polymorphisms in the PALB2 gene may be associated with tumorigenesis, particularly with respect to susceptibility to breast cancer.

Methods: To assess the association of polymorphisms in the PALB2 gene with breast cancer risk in a Chinese female population a total of 351 female breast cancer patients and 360 age-, gender-matched tumor-free individuals were enrolled in this case-control study.

Serum miR-21, miR-26a and miR-101 as potential biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the expressions of serum miR-21, miR-26a and miR-101 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their diagnostic value.

Methods: Serum levels of miR-21, miR-26a and miR-101 were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 52 HCC patients, 42 chronic hepatitis (CH) patients and 43 healthy controls. ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value.

Virtual Sequential Picture for Nonsequential Two-Photon Double Ionization of Helium.

By using a model based on the second-order time-dependent perturbation theory, we show that the nonsequential two-photon double ionization of He can be understood in a virtual sequential picture: to excite the final double continuum state |k_{1},k_{2}⟩ by absorbing two photons from the ground state |1s^{2},^{1}S_{0}⟩, the single continuum states |1s,k_{1}⟩ and |1s,k_{2}⟩ serve as the dominant intermediate states. This virtual sequential picture is verified by the perfect agreement of the total ionization cross section, respectively, calculated by this model and by the sophisticated numerical solution to the full-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. This model, without the consideration of the electron correlation in the final double continuum state, works well for a wide range of laser parameters extending from the nonsequential to the sequential regime.

microRNA-22 downregulation of galectin-9 influences lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation in liver cancer.

Galectin-9 (Gal-9) plays an important role in both the immune response and tumor progression, while microRNAs act as tumor regulators to mediate tumorigenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between Gal-9 and microRNA-mediated regulation in liver cancer.

Investigation into the effect of hepatitis B virus on apoliprotein A1 expression and its mechanism.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a serious threat to human health, with China being one of the highly affected countries. However, the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is still unclear. Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) which represents the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein is normally secreted by hepatocytes.