Toward Hyphenated Infrared and Raman Spectroscopies in Interfacial Electrochemistry.

To address the pressing demand for hyphenated characterization of the electrode-electrolyte interfaces at the molecular level, we report herein a technical note to demonstrate the hyphenation of electrochemical surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) and shell-isolated nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS). The core setup incorporates a top-down configured Raman optic fiber head loaded on a 3-dimension positioning module and a bottom-up configured attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) spectroelectrochemical cell accommodated in a custom-designed optical accessory. The feasibility of this integrated design is initially validated by the simultaneous measurement of two model systems, namely, potential dependent adsorption of pyridine on a Au film electrode and the CO reduction reaction on a Cu film electrode by SEIRAS and SHINERS, yielding distinct and complementary spectral information.

Slit Lamp Report Generation and Question Answering: Development and Validation of a Multimodal Transformer Model with Large Language Model Integration.

Background: Large language models have shown remarkable efficacy in various medical research and clinical applications. However, their skills in medical image recognition and subsequent report generation or question answering (QA) remain limited.

Objective: We aim to finetune a multimodal, transformer-based model for generating medical reports from slit lamp images and develop a QA system using Llama2.

Screening of Hub Genes and Therapeutic Drugs in Cervical Cancer Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis.

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common female malignancies globally. The current study aimed to identify novel hub genes associated with traditional Chinese herbs and investigate their underlying mechanisms using bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental verification. Expression profiling of 22 samples was obtained from the GEO database.

OCT as both a shape sensor and a tomographic imager for large-scale freeform robotic scanning.

To overcome the limitations of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in imaging large-scale freeform objects, we propose a methodological framework that utilizes OCT as both a shape sensor and a tomographic imager in robotic scanning. Our approach integrates a deep-learning-based surface detection algorithm to counter OCT artifacts and an adaptive robotic arm pose adjustment algorithm for sensing and imaging uneven objects. We demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our method on various objects, achieving high-resolution, large-scale tomographic imaging that adeptly manages OCT artifacts and surface irregularities.

Computer-generated holography enables high-uniformity, high-efficiency depth-of-focus extension in endoscopic OCT.

Fiber-form optics extends the high-resolution tomographic imaging capabilities of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to the inside of the human body, i.e., endoscopic OCT.

EyeGPT for Patient Inquiries and Medical Education: Development and Validation of an Ophthalmology Large Language Model.

Background: Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance clinical flow and improve medical education, but they encounter challenges related to specialized knowledge in ophthalmology.

Objective: This study aims to enhance ophthalmic knowledge by refining a general LLM into an ophthalmology-specialized assistant for patient inquiries and medical education.

Methods: We transformed Llama2 into an ophthalmology-specialized LLM, termed EyeGPT, through the following 3 strategies: prompt engineering for role-playing, fine-tuning with publicly available data sets filtered for eye-specific terminology (83,919 samples), and retrieval-augmented generation leveraging a medical database and 14 ophthalmology textbooks.

Identification of Goat Supernumerary Teat Phenotype Using Wide-Genomic Copy Number Variants.

Supernumerary teats (SNTs) or nipples often emerge around the mammary line. This study performed a genome-wide selective sweep analysis (GWS) at the copy number variant (CNV) level using two selected signal calculation methods ( and ) to identify candidate genes associated with SNTs in goats. A total of 12,310 CNVs were identified from 37 animals and 123 CNVs, with the top 1% values including 84 candidate genes (CDGs).

Plant sperm cell sequencing for genome phasing and determination of meiotic crossover points.

Haplotype phasing represents a pivotal procedure in genome analysis, entailing the identification of specific genetic variant combinations on each chromosome. Achieving chromosome-level genome phasing constitutes a considerable challenge, particularly in organisms with large and complex genomes. To address this challenge, we have developed a robust, gamete cell-based phasing pipeline, including wet-laboratory processes for plant sperm cell isolation, short-read sequencing and a bioinformatics workflow to generate chromosome-level phasing.

Host Species Affects Gut Microbial Community and Offspring Developmental Performances in the Pupal Parasitoid Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).

are known to exploit in varying degrees a wide range of lepidopteran species and its offspring development may vary with host species. This study examined its preimaginal development and larval gut microbiota in parasitizing five folivorous lepidopteran hosts including (referred to thereafter as CcHc), (CcAp), (CcHa), (CcSe), and (CcSf). Though rates of parasitism and offspring eclosion did not change with host species, the development period and number of offspring eclosed varied with hosts, with the shortest period in CcSf and the highest number from CcAp.

Cyclic Continuous Glycation Enhanced Dispersibility of Myofibrillar Protein: Reaction Efficiency and Sites Modification.

Reaction efficiency in glycation lacks sufficient attention, leading to the waste of process costs. Cyclic continuous glycation (CCG) is an effective approach to accelerate covalent binding between myofibrillar protein (MP) and glucose. This study elucidated that CCG promoted the exposure of reactive glycated sites in MP with full unfolding of secondary and tertiary structures.

Association of Cerebral Hypoperfusion and Poor Collaterals with Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Severe Vertebrobasilar Artery Stenosis.

Background: Effect of stenosis of vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) on cognitive function is elusive.

Objective: To investigate association of cerebral hypoperfusion and poor collaterals with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in severe VBA stenosis patients.

Methods: We consecutively enrolled patients with severe VBA stenosis confirmed by digital subtraction angiography who underwent computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) and cognitive assessments.

Inducing Intermolecular Oxygen Coupling by Introducing S and FeOOH on Co(OH) Nanoneedle Arrays for Industrial Water Oxidation.

The design of electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a limitation of industrial hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. Excellent and stable OER catalysts can be developed by activating lattice oxygen and changing the reaction path. Herein, S and FeOOH on the Co(OH) nanoneedle arrays are introduced to construct a heterostructure (S-FeOOH/Co(OH)/NF) as a proof of concept.

Learning-based distortion correction enables proximal-scanning endoscopic OCT elastography.

Proximal rotary scanning is predominantly used in the clinical practice of endoscopic and intravascular OCT, mainly because of the much lower manufacturing cost of the probe compared to distal scanning. However, proximal scanning causes severe beam stability issues (also known as non-uniform rotational distortion, NURD), which hinders the extension of its applications to functional imaging, such as OCT elastography (OCE). In this work, we demonstrate the abilities of learning-based NURD correction methods to enable the imaging stability required for intensity-based OCE.

Theoretical study of the effects of surface Cu coordination environment on CO hydrogenation to CHOH.

The coordination environment of Cu (the coordination number and arrangement of surface atoms) plays an important role in CO hydrogenation to CHOH. Compared with the extensive studies of the effects of coordination number, the comprehensive effects of coordination number and arrangement of surface atoms were seldom explored in literature. To unravel the effects of surface Cu coordination environment on CO hydrogenation to CHOH, the adsorption and reaction behaviors of H and CO on Cu(111), (100), (110) and (211) with different coordination numbers and arrangement of surface Cu were systematically calculated by density functional theory (DFT) and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation.

Stroke volume variation induced by lung recruitment maneuver to predict fluid responsiveness in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of lung recruitment maneuver induced stroke volume variation (ΔSV) in predicting fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated adult patients by systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A comprehensive electronic search of relevant literature was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline, Embase and Chinese databases (including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and VIP databases). Review Manager 5.

Excessive palmitic acid disturbs macrophage α-ketoglutarate/succinate metabolism and causes adipose tissue insulin resistance associated with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Abnormal polarization of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) results in low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR), potentially contributing to the development of diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate the polarization of ATMs associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine the effects of abnormal fatty acids on macrophage polarization and development of insulin resistance in GDM.

Atomic Layer Deposition of TiO on Si Window Enables ATR-SEIRAS Measurements in Strong Alkaline Electrolytes.

The Si window is the most widely used internal reflection element (IRE) for electrochemical attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS), yet local chemical etching on Si by concentrated OH anions bottlenecks the reliable application of this method in strong alkaline electrolytes. In this report, atomic layer deposition of a 25 nm nonconductive TiO barrier layer on the reflecting plane of a Si prism is demonstrated to address this challenge. ATR-SEIRAS measurement on a Au film electrode with the Si/TiO composite IRE in 1 M NaOH reveals reversible global spectral features without spectral distortion at 1000-1300 cm, in stark contrast to those obtained with a bare Si window.

Virtual sketching-based dental anatomy module improves learners' abilities to use computer-aided design to create dental restorations and prostheses.

Dental anatomy education for dental technology students should be developed in alignment with digital dental laboratory practices. We hypothesized that a virtually assisted sketching-based dental anatomy teaching module could improve students' acquisition of skills essential for digital restoration design. The second-year dental technology curriculum included a novel virtual technology-assisted sketching-based module for dental anatomy education.

Gastrointestinal digestion behavior and bioavailability of greenly prepared highly loaded myofibrillar-luteolin vehicle.

In this study, the highly loaded myofibrillar protein (MP)-luteolin (Lut) complexes were noncovalently constructed by using green high-pressure homogenization technology (HPH) and high-pressure micro-fluidization technology (HPM), aiming to optimize the encapsulation efficiency of flavonoids in the protein-based vehicle without relying on the organic solvent (i.e. DMSO, ethanol, etc.