Approaches to Parapharyngeal Space and Infratemporal Fossa Based on Different Anatomical Spaces.

Objectives: The parapharyngeal space (PPS) and infratemporal fossa (ITF) present significant challenges for endoscopic skull base surgery due to their complex anatomy and lack of clear bony landmarks. This study aims to propose a systematic compartmentalization of the PPS and ITF, based on key anatomical structures, to optimize surgical planning and approaches.

Methods: To retain a precise bony reference framework, the walls of the maxillary sinus and pterygoid bone were preserved.

High-Velocity Impact Performance of Ballistic Fabric Using Core-Spun Compound Yarns.

In this paper, the usage of core-spun compound yarns in ballistic fabric to improve ballistic performance is considered, as with the use of core-spun compound yarns, the yarn friction inside the fabric is enhanced, and, therefore, the energy absorption capability of the fabric is expected to increase. Three types of fabric were developed and compared. F refers to a woven type made with 100% Kevlar filament yarns.

[Clinical analysis of endonasal endoscopic surgery in esthesioneuroblastoma].

To investigate the clinical characteristics of esthesioneuroblastoma and the efficacy of endonasal endoscopic surgery combined with radiotherapy/chemotherapy. The clinical and surgical data of 17 patients with esthesioneuroblastoma who underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery in our department from September 2009 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Among all patients, the modified Kadish stage B was identified in 4 patients, C in 10 patients, and D in 3 patients.

[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases exacerbated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （2024, Chengdu）].

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease （N-ERD） is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, featuring chronic rhinosinusitis （CRS）, asthma, and intolerance to cyclooxygenase 1 （COX-1） inhibitors. The use of these medications can lead to an acute worsening of rhinitis and asthma symptoms. This condition has not yet received sufficient attention in China, with a high rate of misdiagnosis and a lack of related research.

Increased SERPINB2 potentiates 15LO1 expression via STAT6 signalling in epithelial cells in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: SERPINB2, a biomarker of Type-2 (T2) inflammatory processes, has been described in the context of asthma. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is also correlated with T2 inflammation and elevated 15LO1 induced by IL-4/13 in nasal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and location of SERPINB2 in nasal epithelial cells (NECs) and determine whether SERPINB2 regulates 15LO1 and downstream T2 markers in NECs via STAT6 signalling.

Insights from bioinformatics analysis reveal that lipopolysaccharide induces activation of chemokine-related signaling pathways in human nasal epithelial cells.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to elicit a robust immune response. This study aimed to investigate the impact of LPS on the transcriptome of human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpC). HNEpC were cultured and stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) or an equivalent amount of normal culture medium.

Safety and efficacy of protective stent insertion to prevent carotid blowout syndrome at the distal internal carotid artery in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: a comparison with endovascular occlusion.

Background: Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) frequently occurs at the distal internal carotid artery (distal-ICA) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and remedial treatments run a high risk for neurologic complications. A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of protective stent insertion at the distal-ICA to prevent CBS in NPC patients, with a comparison to endovascular coil occlusion.

Methods: A total of 28 consecutive NPC patients at high risk of CBS from June 2019 to December 2021 in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital (a tertiary institution) were retrospectively included and divided into a stent protection group and occlusion group.

PM activates IL-17 signaling pathway in human nasal mucosa-derived fibroblasts.

Fine particulate matter (PM) represents a prevalent environmental pollutant in the atmosphere, capable of exerting deleterious effects on human health. Numerous studies have indicated a correlation between PM exposure and the development of chronic upper airway inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of PM on the transcriptome of fibroblasts derived from nasal mucosa.

Endoscopic endonasal combined transoral medial approach to the nasopharynx, parapharyngeal space, and jugular foramen.

Objective: This study aimed to validate the feasibility of an endoscopic endonasal combined transoral medial approach for treating lesions in the nasopharynx, parapharyngeal space (PPS), and jugular foramen.

Methods: Anatomical and imaging information of six patients who underwent surgery via this approach were reviewed and analyzed.

Results: The feasibility and advantages of the endoscopic endonasal combined transoral medial approach, which uses an inside-to-outside medial surgical corridor, were identified.

Treatment of intractable epistaxis in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer.

 To investigate the treatment of intractable epistaxis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This review focuses on the anatomy and pathophysiology, mechanism, and clinical treatments of epistaxis after NPC radiotherapy. For treating NPC, radiation therapy is the primary therapeutic modality.

Chinese Expert Consensus on the Use of Biologics in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2022, Zhuhai).

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease in otolaryngology, mainly manifested as nasal congestion, nasal discharge, facial pain/pressure, and smell disorder. CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), an important phenotype of CRS, has a high recurrence rate even after receiving corticosteroids and/or functional endoscopic sinus surgery. In recent years, clinicians have focused on the application of biological agents in CRSwNP.

Chameleon-inspired active tunable structural color based on smart skin with multi-functions of structural color, sensing and actuation.

Tunable structural color has many potential applications in artificial camouflage, mechanical sensors, Despite the extensive efforts to develop efficient tunable structural color, there is still a wide gap between the existing "passive" tuning methods and the "active" strategy found on organisms such as chameleons that can change color according to the environment. Inspired by the active tunable color system of chameleons, we propose a smart skin comprising a nanoscale hole array of photonic crystals, carbon nanotube coatings, and liquid crystal elastomers, to integrate multiple functions, , structural color tunability, sensing, and actuation, in one structure. The smart skin was further coupled with an image acquisition unit (which mimics eyes to obtain colors from the environment) and a controller (which mimics the brain to process the signals transmitted from the image acquisition unit to the smart skin), to construct an active tunable structural color system.

[Application of ethmoid artery pedicled septal floor mucosa flap in repair of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery].

To investigate the safety and effectiveness of the ethmoid artery pedicled septal floor mucosal flap in repair of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage after transsphenoidal pituitary tumor surgery.Methods: The clinical data of 6 patients with cerebrospinal fluid leak in Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2011 to June 2022. In 6 patients with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, the bilateral posterior septal arteries were sacrificed due to the endoscopic transsphenoidal expanded approach, so the ethmoid artery pedicled septal floor mucosal flaps were adopted.

Sinonasal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: A case report and literature review.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disease with a predisposition towards autoimmunity and lymphoproliferative diseases. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is reported to be the predominant form of malignant tumor in WAS sufferers. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common types of NHL while it is uncommon to occur in paranasal sinuses and especially when associated with WAS.

Increased CYR61 expression activates CCND1/c-Myc pathway to promote nasal epithelial cells proliferation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Purpose: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic sinonasal inflammatory disease characterized histologically by hyperplastic nasal epithelium and epithelial cells proliferation. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) acts as a positive regulator of cell cycle process. Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and c-Myc play key roles in the processes of cell cycle and cell growth.

Bio-Inspired Soft-Rigid Hybrid Smart Artificial Muscle Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomer and Helical Metal Wire.

Artificial muscles are of significant value in robotic applications. Rigid artificial muscles possess a strong load-bearing capacity, while their deformation is small; soft artificial muscles can be shifted to a large degree; however, their load-bearing capacity is weak. Furthermore, artificial muscles are generally controlled in an open loop due to a lack of deformation-related feedback.

M2 macrophage-related gene signature in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common sinonasal inflammatory disorder with high heterogeneity. Increasing evidence have indicated that the infiltration of macrophages especially M2 macrophages play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP, but the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. This study sought to identify potential biomarkers related to M2 macrophages in CRSwNP.

3D printing of liquid crystal elastomers-based actuator for an inchworm-inspired crawling soft robot.

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have shown great potential as soft actuating materials in soft robots, with large actuation strain and fast response speed. However, to achieve the unique features of actuation, the liquid crystal mesogens should be well aligned and permanently fixed by polymer networks, limiting their practical applications. The recent progress in the 3D printing technologies of LCEs overcame the shortcomings in conventional processing techniques.

Clinical outcomes of coblation-assisted pediatric endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.

Background: Pediatric skull base surgeries are confined by developmental and anatomical issues. Radiofrequency coblation integrates the functions of ablation, suction, and coagulation with the ability to dissolve tissues with limited thermal injury, making it an ideal instrument for pediatric skull base surgery. We sought to evaluated the clinical outcomes of coblation-assisted pediatric endoscopic skull base surgery.

Environmental and sensitization variations among asthma and/or rhinitis patients between 2008 and 2018 in China.

Background: Little is known about the changes in allergen sensitization in China secondary to the environmental variations over the past decade. We aimed at investigating the variations in sensitization among asthma and/or rhinitis patients in China between 2008 and 2018.

Methods: This study analyzed cross-sectional data from national surveys conducted in China in 2008 and 2018.