The Effect of a Caffeine and Nicotine Combination on Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome in Mice.

Nicotine dependence is an important cause of excessive exposure to tobacco combustion compounds in most smokers. Nicotine replacement therapy is the main method to treat nicotine dependence, but it still has its shortcomings, such as the inability to mitigate withdrawal effects and limited applicability. It has been hypothesized that a combination of low-dose nicotine and caffeine could achieve the same psychological stimulation effect as a high dose of nicotine without causing nicotine withdrawal effects.

A highly sensitive sensor for carcinoembryonic antigen based on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a well-known biomarker and validated serum biomarker for lung cancer. We introduce a simple label-free method for CEA detection. Specific recognition of CEA was made possible by immobilizing CEA antibodies in the sensing region of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors.

The expression status of TRX, AR, and cyclin D1 correlates with clinicopathological characteristics and ER status in breast cancer.

Background: The ER signaling pathway plays a critical role in breast cancer. ER signaling pathway-related proteins, such as TRX, AR, and cyclin D1, may have an important function in breast cancer. However, the ways that they influence breast cancer development and progression are still unclear.

TXNIP interaction with the Her-1/2 pathway contributes to overall survival in breast cancer.

Previous studies have indicated that Her-2 induction causes a strong decrease in thioredoxin interaction protein (TXNIP) in breast cancer cells. However, little is known regarding the prognostic value of TXNIP in clinical breast cancer patients with anti-Her-2 treatment. Using a tissue microarray, we detected TXNIP and p27 expression in breast cancer tissue, as well as corresponding noncancerous tissues.

Lin28B expression correlates with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics in breast invasive ductal carcinoma.

Lin28B is a RNA-binding protein that inhibits the let-7 microRNA family and acts as an oncogene in various human malignant diseases. Conversely, the members of let-7 family function as tumor suppressers and are often inactivated in cancers. The interaction of Lin28B/let-7 plays a crucial part of tumorigenesis.

[Caveolin-1: a novel biomarker for prostate cancer].

For lack of the biomarker, early diagnosis of prostate cancer is often difficult. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an important oncogene and a major structural coat protein of caveolae, which is involved in multiple cellular functions including molecular transport, cell adhesion, and signal transduction, as well as in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Cav-1 is secreted as a biologically active molecule that promotes cell survival and angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment, and is overexpressed in the metastatic and primary sites of human prostate cancer.

Relationship between RGS5 expression and differentiation and angiogenesis of gastric carcinoma.

Aim: To explore the regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) expression in gastric carcinoma and its association with differentiation and microvascular density (MVD).

Methods: Expression of RGS5 and CD34 were examined in 76 cases of gastric carcinoma, including 22 cases with lymph node metastasis and 54 cases without lymph node metastasis determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). MVD was assessed using CD34 monoclonal antibody.