Modifiable risk factors that mediate the effect of insomnia on the risk of low back pain: a network mendelian randomization study.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) and insomnia are common global health issues, but their relationship and potential mediators remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the impact of insomnia on LBP using mendelian randomization (MR) methods and analyze the mediating role of modifiable factors.

Methods: Univariable MR (UVMR) analysis was employed to examine the causal relationship between insomnia and LBP, as well as the association between modifiable factors [smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM)] and LBP.

Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis identifies causal associations between cardiovascular diseases and frozen shoulder.

Background: Although prior observational studies indicate an association between cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and frozen shoulder (FS), the potential causal relationship between them remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the genetic causal relationship between CVDs and FS using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: Genetic variations closely associated with FS were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium.

The METS-IR is independently related to bone mineral density, FRAX score, and bone fracture among U.S. non-diabetic adults: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and bone mineral density (BMD) in American non-diabetic adults.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 1114 non-diabetic adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycle (2013-2014). The associations between METS-IR and BMD of total femur and spine were assessed by the multiple linear regression and verified the non-linear relationship with a smooth curve fit and threshold effect model.