Co(III)-Catalyzed Coupling of Enaminones with Oxadiazolones for Imidazole Synthesis.

Appendage speciation-oriented synthesis, as opposed to the conventional wisdom of skeleton speciation-oriented synthesis, is reported herein, emphasizing the maximization of type-, position-, and configuration-variance of appendages. A Co(III) catalytic protocol in accordance with this synthetic modality has been established for the coupling of enaminones and oxadiazolones to imidazoles, allowing the achievement of full position-variance of appendages. This translates to an expanded reaction and structural development scope and can provide fertile ground for productive organic synthesis.

Facile Generation of Neutralizing Antibodies on Tyrosine Phosphorylated IRS1 by Epitope-Directed Elicitation.

Generating antibodies specific to the functional epitope containing phosphotyrosine remains highly challenging. Here, we create an "epitope-directed immunogen" by incorporating fluorosulfate-l-tyrosine (FSY) with cross-linking activities into a specific tyrosine phosphorylation site of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and immunizing mice to elicit site-specific antibody responses. By taking advantage of antibody clonal selection and evolution in vivo, we efficiently identified antibodies that target the IRS1 Y612 epitope and are capable of neutralizing the binding interactions between IRS1 and p85α mediated by the phosphorylation of Y612.

Effects of RDL GABA Receptor Point Mutants on Susceptibility to Meta-Diamide and Isoxazoline Insecticides in .

Ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in insects, specifically those composed of the RDL (resistant to dieldrin) subunit, serve as important targets for commonly used synthetic insecticides. These insecticides belong to various chemical classes, such as phenylpyrazoles, cyclodienes, meta-diamides, and isoxazolines, with the latter two potentially binding to the transmembrane inter-subunit pocket. However, the specific amino acid residues that contribute to the high sensitivity of insect RDL receptors to these novel insecticides remain elusive.

A Polarization-Insensitive, Vanadium Dioxide-Based Dynamically Tunable Multiband Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber.

A tunable multiband terahertz metamaterial absorber, based on vanadium dioxide (VO), is demonstrated. The absorber comprises a three-layer metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configuration with a split ring and slots of VO on the uppermost layer, a middle dielectric substrate based on silicon dioxide (SiO), and a gold reflector on the back. The simulation results indicate that, when VO is in the metallic state, the proposed metamaterial exhibits nearly perfect absorption at six distinct frequencies.

Developing a geographical-meteorological indicator system and evaluating prediction models for alveolar echinococcosis in China.

Background: Geographical and meteorological factors have been reported to influence the prevalence of echinococcosis, but there's a lack of indicator system and model.

Objective: To provide further insight into the impact of geographical and meteorological factors on AE prevalence and establish a theoretical basis for prevention and control.

Methods: Principal component and regression analysis were used to screen and establish a three-level indicator system.

High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors of Liquid Crystalline Organic Semiconductor by Laser Mapping Annealing.

Organic semiconductors (OSCs), especially small molecule semiconductors, have received increasing attention due to their good designability and variability. Phase transitions and interfacial properties have a decisive influence on device performance. Here, 2-Dodecyl-7-phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-][1]benzothiophene (Ph-BTBT-12) devices are treated with low-power laser annealing, which is able to avoid the influence of the dewetting effect on the hole mobility of organic semiconductor materials.

Near-Infrared Dual Greenhouse Gas Sensor Based on Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for Gas-Cell In-Situ Applications.

A greenhouse gas sensor has been developed to simultaneously detect multiple gas species within a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBF) structure entirely composed of fibers. To enhance sensitivity, the gas cell consists of HC-PBF enclosed between two single-mode fibers fused with a reflective end surface to double the absorption length. The incorporation of side holes for gas diffusion allows for analysis of the relationship between gas diffusion speed, number of drilled side holes, and energy loss.

Three new species of Nazeris Fauvel from the Jiuwan Mountain, Guangxi, China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae).

Three new species of Nazeris Fauvel, 1873 from the Jiuwan Mountain, Guangxi, China, are described and illustrated: N. jiuwanensis, sp. n.

New Transition Metal Coordination Polymers Derived from 2-(3,5-Dicarboxyphenyl)-6-carboxybenzimidazole as Photocatalysts for Dye and Antibiotic Decomposition.

Coordination polymers (CPs) are an assorted class of coordination complexes that are gaining attention for the safe and sustainable removal of organic dyes from wastewater discharge by either adsorption or photocatalytic degradation. Herein, three different coordination polymers with compositions [Ni(HL)(HO)·1.9HO] (), [Mn(HL)(L)(μ-OH)(HO)(phen)·2HO] (), and [Cd(HL)(HO)]·HO () (HL = 2-(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)-6-carboxybenzimidazole; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically and by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Facile synthesis of wide bandgap ZrS colloidal quantum dots for solution processed solar-blind UV photodetectors.

We present a facile one-pot method for the successful synthesis of heavy metal-free ZrS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with a wide bandgap. To achieve this, we employed 1-dodecanethiol (DT) as a sulfur precursor, enabling the controlled release of HS during the reaction at temperatures exceeding 195 °C. This approach facilitated the synthesis of small-sized ZrS QDs with precise control.

Advancements in Passive Wireless Sensors, Materials, Devices, and Applications.

In recent years, passive wireless sensors have been studied for various infrastructure sectors, making them a research and development focus. While substantial evidence already supports their viability, further effort is needed to understand their dependability and applicability. As a result, issues related to the theory and implementation of wireless sensors still need to be resolved.

Epitope-Directed Antibody Elicitation by Genetically Encoded Chemical Cross-Linking Reactivity in the Antigen.

No current methods can selectively elicit an antibody response to a specific conformational epitope in a whole antigen in vivo. Here, we incorporated ε-acryloyl-l-lysine (AcrK) or ε-crotonyl-l-lysine (Kcr) with cross-linking activities into the specific epitopes of antigens and immunized mice to generate antibodies that can covalently cross-link with the antigens. By taking advantage of antibody clonal selection and evolution in vivo, an orthogonal antibody-antigen cross-linking reaction can be generated.

Infestation by the Piercing-Sucking Herbivore Systemically Triggers JA- and SA-Dependent Defense Responses in Rice.

It has been well documented that an infestation of the piercing-sucking herbivore, brown planthopper (BPH), , activates strong local defenses in rice. However, whether a BPH infestation elicits systemic responses in rice remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated BPH-induced systemic defenses by detecting the change in expression levels of 12 JA- and/or SA-signaling-responsive marker genes in different rice tissues upon a BPH attack.

Prevalence trend and burden of neglected parasitic diseases in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from global burden of disease study.

Objective: This study sought to investigate the parasitic diseases of neglected tropical diseases defined by the World Health Organization based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database. Importantly, we analyzed the prevalence and burden of these diseases in China from 1990 to 2019 to provide valuable information to formulate more effective measures for their management and prevention.

Methods: Data on the prevalence and burden of neglected parasitic diseases in China from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the global health data exchange (GHDx) database, including the absolute number of prevalence, age-standardized prevalence rate, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and age-standardized DALY rate.

Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in China: an analysis of a national population-based field survey.

Background: Human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis are neglected tropical diseases that WHO has prioritized for control in recent years. Both diseases impose substantial burdens on public health and the socio-economy in China. In this study, which is based on the national echinococcosis survey from 2012 to 2016, we aim to describe the spatial prevalence and demographic characteristics of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis infections in humans and assess the impact of environmental, biological and social factors on both types of the disease.

Catalytic Olefin-Imine Metathesis: Cobalt-Enabled Amidine Olefination with Enaminones.

Organic metathesis reactions allow for expedient assembly of diverse molecular skeletons and appendages through the exchange of molecular fragments. The olefin-imine variant of this process, in particular, can expand the synthetic toolbox for manipulating carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bonds but has thus far been achieved only on a stoichiometric metal-mediated basis. Herein, we report the development of a catalytic olefin-imine metathesis reaction, featuring cobalt-catalyzed amidine olefination with enaminones and a versatile product synthon enabling further structural diversification.

Cryptosporidiosis threat under climate change in China: prediction and validation of habitat suitability and outbreak risk for human-derived Cryptosporidium based on ecological niche models.

Background: Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic intestinal infectious disease caused by Cryptosporidium spp., and its transmission is highly influenced by climate factors. In the present study, the potential spatial distribution of Cryptosporidium in China was predicted based on ecological niche models for cryptosporidiosis epidemic risk warning and prevention and control.

Synthesis of quinazolinones Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalization of primary amides with oxadiazolones.

Multi-heteroatom heterocycle synthesis through direct C-H bond activation is methodologically appealing but synthetically challenging. An efficient double C-N bond formation sequence to prepare quinazolinones utilizing primary amides and oxadiazolones in a catalytic redox-neutral [CoCp*(CO)I]/AgSbF system, where oxadiazolone could function as an internal oxidant to maintain the catalytic cycle, is reported. Amide-directed C-H bond activation and oxadiazolone decarboxylation are key to the success of this traceless, atom- and step-economic, and cascade approach for the construction of the quinazolinone skeleton.

Cobalt Homeostatic Catalysis for Coupling of Enaminones and Oxadiazolones to Quinazolinones.

Transition metal catalysis has revolutionized modern synthetic chemistry for its diverse modes of coordination reactivity. However, this versatility in reactivity is also the predominant cause of catalyst deactivation, a persisting issue that can significantly compromise its synthetic value. Homeostatic catalysis, a catalytic process that can sustain its productive catalytic cycle even when chemically disturbed, is proposed herein as an effective tactic to address the challenge.

Investigation of Parasitic Nematodes Detected in the Feces of Wild Carnivores in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China.

Wildlife shares grazing areas with herders in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and humans can be infected by zoonotic nematodes through direct contact with animals or contaminated water. In this study, fecal samples (n = 296) from wild carnivores were collected to explore the infection rate and molecular genetic characteristics of nematodes by stratified random sampling in the survey areas. Host species and the nematodes they carried were then identified using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively.

The First Detection of DNA in Residents' Hands, Dogs' Hair, and Soil in Highly Endemic Region of Echinococcosis - Naqu City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China, 2020.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Echinococcosis is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease that predominantly infects humans; domestic animals like cattle or sheep; as well as wild animals such as small rodents. To date, there is a lack of comprehensive information about all potential environmental transmission routes for .

What Is Added By This Report?: This study assesses the importance of under-researched environmental factors for the transmission of .

An insecticide target in mechanoreceptor neurons.

Hundreds of neurotoxic insecticides are currently in use. However, only a few direct targets have been identified. Here, using and the insecticide flonicamid, we identified nicotinamidase (Naam) as a previous unidentified molecular target for an insecticide.

β-sitosterol inhibits trimethylamine production by regulating the gut microbiota and attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE mice.

The intestinal microbial metabolite trimethylamine (TMA), which is activated by flavin monooxygenase (FMO) to produce trimethylamine--oxide (TMAO), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS), leading to the development of therapeutic strategies for AS. This study aimed to investigate whether β-sitosterol can inhibit TMA production in ApoE mice by reshaping the gut microbial structure. 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota showed that β-sitosterol has beneficial effects on intestinal flora function, especially the inhibition of bacteria genera that contain the gene cholintrimethylamine lyase, which is responsible for the major pathway for TMA production.

Societal drivers of human echinococcosis in China.

Background: Echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease that threatens human health and economic development. In China, 370 counties are endemic for echinococcosis. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has the most patients and people at risk.