A novel CBM serving as a module for efficiently decomposing xanthan by modifying the processivity of hydrolase.

The inefficient decomposition of polysaccharides, particularly branched polysaccharides limits their large-scale industrial applications. Further understanding and modification of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) processivity is expected to overcome this limitation. Here, a novel xanthan-binding CBM (MiXBM), which was supposed to alter the processivity of GHs, was systematically characterized.

Inhibition of viability of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells by vialinin A under high glucose condition.

Aim: To investigate the effects of vialinin A on viability of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) under high glucose condition and its potential mechanism.

Methods: The HRECs were divided into four groups: normal glucose control group (NG, 5 mmol/L D-glucose), high glucose group (HG, 30 mmol/L D-glucose), HG+1 µmol/L vialinin A group, and HG+5 µmol/L vialinin A group. The cell viabilities were measured with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay for proliferation, with scratch assay for migration, and tube formation, for evaluation of the impact of vialinin A on cellular behaviour.

Pd-Catalyzed Dual C-H Activation/Cyclization: Convergent and Divergent Synthesis of 1-Azahelicenes.

Herein, we report a convergent synthesis of 1-azahelicenes using easily available quinoline derivatives and cyclic diaryliodonium salts as starting materials. This reaction undergoes a palladium-catalyzed dual C-H activation/cyclization process to give facile access to a wide range of 1-aza[5]helicenes and 1-aza[6]helicenes with abundant functional groups (including F, Cl, Br, I, CF, SeR, SR, and heteroaryl) in moderate to excellent yields, thereby providing new opportunities to fine-tune the properties of the helicene backbone. In addition, the obtained products could be further transformed into helicene-based Lewis base catalysts and redox switch materials easily.

CO Loss into Solution: An Experimental Investigation of CO Electrolysis with a Membrane Electrode Assembly Cell.

In pursuit of commercial viability for carbon dioxide (CO) electrolysis, this study investigates the operational challenges associated with membrane electrode assembly (MEA)-type CO electrolyzers, with a focus on CO loss into the solution phase through bicarbonate (HCO ) and carbonate (CO ) ion formation. Utilizing a silver electrode known for selectively facilitating CO to CO conversion, the molar production of CO, CO, and H is measured across a range of current densities from 0 to 600 mA/cm, while maintaining a constant CO inlet flow rate of 58 mL/min. The dynamics of CO loss are monitored through measurements of pH changes in the electrolyte and carbon elemental balance analysis.

Sensitivity Analysis of One-Dimensional Multiphysics Simulation of CO Electrolysis Cell.

Electrochemical (EC) carbon dioxide (CO) reduction, where CO is converted to value-added products such as fuel precursors, plays a key role in helping the world's energy system reach net-zero carbon emissions. Simulations of EC cells provide valuable insight into their operation since detailed experimental results on short length and time scales are difficult to obtain. In this work, we construct a 1D simulation of a membrane-electrode-assembly EC cell for CO reduction, using a porous silver gas diffusion cathode.

Glacial lake outburst floods threaten China-Nepal connectivity: Synergistic study of remote sensing, GIS and hydrodynamic modeling with regional implications.

Holistic study of glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in the strategically important China-Nepal transportation corridors is imperative for regional connectivity and disaster risk reduction. This study focuses on four China-Nepal transportation corridors, namely Chentang-Kimathanka, Zhangmu-Kodari, Keyrung-Kathmandu and Taklakot-Hilsa from east to west in the Himalayan region. Within a remote integrated framework, we present the latest high-resolution inventory of glacial lakes, assess their decadal spatio-temporal changes (1992-2022), identify potentially dangerous glacial lakes, and apply hydrodynamic model to assess downstream impacts of possible GLOFs along the study area.

Global, regional, and national burdens of mild traumatic brain injuries from 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 - a cross-sectional study.

Background: The objective of this study was to utilize data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 to estimate the patterns and prevalence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) from 1990 to 2019, with the intention of informing the development of efficacious intervention strategies.

Material And Methods: Data from the GBD 2019 were examined to determine the prevalence, incidence, and rates of years lived with disability (YLDs) associated with mTBI across global geographic populations from 1990 to 2019. To assess temporal patterns, estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) and age-standardized rates were computed.

Toward Broadband Photodetection: Band Alignment and Interlayer Charge Transfer in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides/3D-GaO Hybrid-Dimensional Heterostructures.

Recently, various transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)/GaO heterostructures have emerged as excellent candidates for the development of broadband photodetection, exhibiting various merits such as broadband optical absorption, efficient interlayer carrier transfer, a relatively simple fabrication process, and potential for flexibility. In this work, vertically stacked MoSe/GaO, WS/GaO, and WSe/GaO heterostructures were experimentally synthesized, all exhibiting broadband light absorption, spanning at least from 200 to 800 nm. The absorption coefficients of these TMDs/GaO heterostructures are significantly improved compared to those of individual GaO films.

Enhancing Personalized Healthcare via Capturing Disease Severity, Interaction, and Progression.

Personalized diagnosis prediction based on electronic health records (EHR) of patients is a promising yet challenging task for AI in healthcare. Existing studies typically ignore the heterogeneity of diseases across different patients. For example, diabetes can have different complications across different patients (e.

Fabrication of hyaluronic acid-inulin coated Enterococcus faecium for colon-targeted delivery to fight Fusobacterium nucleatum.

The abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is highly associated with the development and poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is regarded as a promising target for CRC. However, until now, the novel strategy to clear F.

Trimethylamine N-oxide aggravates vascular permeability and endothelial cell dysfunction under diabetic condition: and study.

Aim: To provide the direct evidence for the crucial role of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in vascular permeability and endothelial cell dysfunction under diabetic condition.

Methods: The role of TMAO on the biological effect of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMEC) under high glucose conditions was tested by a cell counting kit, wound healing, a transwell and a tube formation assay. The inflammation-related gene expression affected by TMAO was tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Changing Trends in the Global Burden of Cataract Over the Past 30 Years: Retrospective Data Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: Cataracts now account for the largest proportion of the global burden of blindness and vision loss. Understanding the changing trends in the global burden of cataracts over the past 30 years and the next 15 years is of clear significance for the prevention and control of cataracts in key populations. As far as we know, research on the future burden of cataracts is lacking.

Incidence of Metamorphopsia After Successful Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purposes: To investigate the incidence and factors influencing the occurrence of metamorphopsia in patients with simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after surgery.

Methods: Relevant studies of metamorphopsia were identified by searching in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane until August 2022. Meta-analysis of the incidence of metamorphopsia after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery was performed using Review Manager 5.

Visible to mid-infrared giant in-plane optical anisotropy in ternary van der Waals crystals.

Birefringence is at the heart of photonic applications. Layered van der Waals materials inherently support considerable out-of-plane birefringence. However, funnelling light into their small nanoscale area parallel to its out-of-plane optical axis remains challenging.

Combined effect of ozone and household air pollution on COPD in people aged less than 50 years old.

Objectives: Air pollution has been suggested as an important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, evidence of interactive effects on COPD between different factors was sparse, especially for young adults. We aimed to assess the combined effects of ambient ozone (O) and household air pollution on COPD in young individuals.

Methods: We conducted a population-based study of residents aged 15-50 years in the low-income and middle-income regions of western China.

Protocol for high-sensitivity western blot on murine hematopoietic stem cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain hematopoiesis during homeostasis and regeneration. However, their limited availability poses a challenge for protein analysis. Here, we present a protocol for performing high-sensitivity western blot on HSCs using two techniques that enhance HSC isolation from mice and boost sensitivity for low cell numbers.

LC-MS-based urine metabolomics analysis of chronic subdural hematoma for biomarker discovery.

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical diseases with atypical manifestations. The aim of this study was to utilize urine metabolomics to explore potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CSDH.

Methods: Seventy-seven healthy controls and ninety-two patients with CSDH were enrolled in our study.

Comparison of the lower limit of normal to the fixed ratio method for the diagnosis of airflow obstruction at high altitudes: a large cross-sectional survey of subjects living between 3000-4700 m above sea level.

Background: There is no general agreement on the preferential use of a fixed ratio (FR) of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.7 vs. the lower limit of normal (LLN) of FEV/FVC to define airflow obstruction.

A low prognostic nutritional index is associated with chronic subdural hematoma recurrence.

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition. Inflammation has been found to play an essential role in the formation of CSDHs, and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), a nutritional and inflammatory baseline marker, plays a role in predicting the prognosis of many diseases. We aimed to identify the relationship between PNI and CSDH recurrence.