Analysis of genetic instability induced by radon exposure in iron mine processing workers in Shandong Province, Northern China.

Background: Radon, a colorless and odorless radioactive gas, poses serious health risks. It is the second leading cause of lung cancer and notably increases lung cancer risk in smokers. Although previous epidemiological studies have mainly examined lung cancer rates in miners, the effects of radon on genomic stability and its molecular mechanisms are not well understood.

The fuzzy MAD stroke conjecture, using Fuzzy C Means to classify multimodal apparent diffusion for ischemic stroke lesion stratification.

Background: In conjunction with an epidemiologically determined treatment window, current radiological acute ischemic stroke practice discerns two lesion (stage) types: core (dead tissue, identified by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)) and penumbra (tissue region receiving just enough blood flow to be potentially salvageable, identified by the perfusion diffusion mismatch). However, advancements in preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that this approach may be too rigid, warranting a more fine-grained patient-tailored approach. This study aimed to demonstrate the ability to noninvasively provide insights into the current in vivo stroke lesion cascade.

N-glycosylation facilitates the activation of a plant cell-surface receptor.

Plant receptor kinases (RKs) are critical for transmembrane signalling involved in various biological processes including plant immunity. MALE DISCOVERER1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) is a unique RK that recognizes a family of immunomodulatory peptides called SERINE-RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDEs (SCOOPs) and activates pattern-triggered immunity responses. However, the precise mechanisms underlying SCOOP recognition and activation of MIK2 remain poorly understood.

Combination treatment with cilostazol and isosorbide mononitrate attenuates microemboli-mediated vascular cognitive impairment and improves imaging and plasma biomarkers in diabetic rats.

Diabetes is a major risk factor for all types of dementia. The underlying reasons are not fully understood, and preventive therapeutic strategies are lacking. Previously we have shown that diabetic but not control rats developed a progressive cognitive decline in a microemboli (ME) model of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment & dementia (VCID).

The Recent Progress of Tricyclic Aromadendrene-Type Sesquiterpenoids: Biological Activities and Biosynthesis.

The tricyclic-aromadendrene-type sesquiterpenes are widely distributed and exhibit a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antibacterial, insecticidal and cytotoxic properties. Several key sesquiterpene synthases (STSs) of this type have been identified, of which, viridiflorol synthase has been engineered for efficiently biosynthesizing viridiflorol in an strain. This paper comprehensively summarizes the distribution and biological activity of aromadendrene-type sesquiterpenes in plant essential oils and microorganisms.

Biological Properties of Sandalwood Oil and Microbial Synthesis of Its Major Sesquiterpenoids.

Sandalwood essential oil is extracted from the heartwood part of mature sandalwood and is known for its pleasant fragrance and exceptional medicinal activities, including antimicrobial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. The (Z)-α-santalol and (Z)-β-santalol are the most vital ingredients contributing to sandalwood oil's bioactivities and unique woody odor characteristics. Metabolic engineering strategies have shown promise in transforming microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria into effective cell factories for enhancing the production of vital sesquiterpenes (santalene and santalol) found in sandalwood oil.

Standard operating procedure and surgical technique innovation in fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technical note on 189 patients.

Background: Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a well-established and effective treatment for primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Endoscopy has been implemented to provide a comprehensive view of neurovascular conflict and minimizes the damages of brain retraction during MVD.

Objectives: To preliminarily evaluate the surgical safety and efficacy of fully endoscopic microvascular decompression (EMVD) for primary TN with surgeon performing two-hand manipulation and assistant holding endoscope.

Application of the semidiving technique in fully endoscopic microvascular decompression.

Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the preferred treatment for hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and fully endoscopic microvascular decompression (E-MVD) has been widely discussed in recent years. Considering the endoscopic diving technique used in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection, we developed the endoscopic semidiving technique. This technique involves preserving some cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positioning the endoscope at an appropriate distance from it; the potential advantages include reducing cerebellar retraction, accurately identifying the responsible vessels and minimizing mechanical damage.

Baseline tebuconazole sensitivity and potential resistant risk in Fusarium Graminearum.

Background: The Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum results in reduced crop yields and the potential for vomitoxin contamination, which poses a risk to both human and livestock health. The primary method of control relies on the application of chemical fungicides.

Results: The current study found that the tebuconazole sensitivity of 165 F.

Corrigendum: Plastic biodegradation by environmental microorganisms and gut microorganisms of insects.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of a cliff plant Taihangia rupestris var. ciliata provides insights into its adaptation and demographic history.

Background: Cliffs are recognized as one of the most challenging environments for plants, characterized by harsh conditions such as drought, infertile soil, and steep terrain. However, they surprisingly host ancient and diverse plant communities and play a crucial role in protecting biodiversity. The Taihang Mountains, which act as a natural boundary in eastern China, support a rich variety of plant species, including many unique to cliff habitats.

Metabarcoding reveals a high diversity and complex eukaryotic microalgal community in coastal waters of the northern Beibu Gulf, China.

Beibu Gulf is an important semi-enclosed bay located in the northwestern South China Sea, and is famous for its high bio-productivity and rich bio-diversity. The fast development along the Beibu Gulf Economical Rim has brought pressure to the environment, and algal blooms occurred frequently in the gulf. In this study, surface water samples and micro-plankton samples (20-200 μm) were collected in the northern Beibu Gulf coast.

Advancing electrochemical nitrogen reduction: Efficacy of two-dimensional SiP layered structures with single-atom transition metal catalysts.

Researchers are interested in single-atom catalysts with atomically scattered metals relishing the enhanced electrocatalytic activity for nitrogen reduction and 100 % metal atom utilization. In this paper, we investigated 18 transition metals (TM) spanning 3d to 5d series as efficient nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) catalysts on defective 2D SiP layered structures through first-principles calculation. A systematic screening identified Mo@SiP, Nb@SiP, Ta@SiP and W@SiP as superior, demonstrating enhanced ammonia synthesis with significantly lower limiting potentials (-0.

La-Doped SmZrO/PU-Coated Leather Composites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Performance.

Flexible La-doped SmZrO/polyurethane (PU) coated leather composites were synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method, with highly efficient photocatalytic degradation properties by coating the La-doped SmZrO/PU emulsion onto the leather and drying it. The phase composition and optical properties of the as-prepared photocatalytic material were systematically characterized. The result revealed that La was doped in SmZrO successfully, and the prepared samples still possessed pyrochlore structure.

Hydroxamate-Containing Bisphosphonates as Fosmidomycin Analogues: Design, Synthesis, and Proherbicide Activity.

Fosmidomycin (FOS) is a natural product inhibiting the DXR enzyme in the MEP pathway and has stimulated interest for finding more suitable FOS analogues. Herein, two series of FOS analogue hydroxamate-containing bisphosphonates as proherbicides were designed, with bisphosphonate replacing the phosphonic unit in FOS while retaining the hydroxamate (BPF series) or replacing it with retro-hydroxamate (BPRF series). The BPF series were synthesized through a three-step reaction sequence including Michael addition of vinylidenebisphosphonate, -acylation, and deprotection, and the BPRF series were synthesized with a retro-Claisen condensation incorporated into the reaction sequence.

Heterologous Biosynthesis of Kauralexin A1 in through Metabolic and Enzyme Engineering.

Kauralexin A1 (KA1) is a key intermediate of the kauralexin A series metabolites of maize phytoalexins. However, their application is severely limited by their low abundance in maize. In this study, an efficient biosynthetic pathway was constructed to produce KA1 in .

Induced saturation transfer recovery steady states (iSTRESS) for proton exchange rate mapping with CEST MRI, a preliminary study.

Proton exchange underpins essential mechanisms in diverse MR imaging contrasts. Omega plots have proven effective in mapping proton exchange rates (k) in live human brains, enabling the differentiation of MS lesion activities and characterization of ischemic stroke. However, Omega plots require extended saturation durations (typically 5 to 10 s), resulting in high specific absorption rates (SAR) that can hinder clinical feasibility.

Toxicological Research on Nano and Microplastics in Environmental Pollution: Current Advances and Future Directions.

This review explains the sources of nanoplastics (NPs) and microplastics (MPs), their release, fate, and associated health risks in the aquatic environment. In the 21st century, scientists are grappling with a major challenge posed by MPs and NPs. The global production of plastic has skyrocketed from 1.

ARRDC3 regulates the targeted therapy sensitivity of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by promoting AXL degradation.

AXL plays crucial roles in the tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance of neoplasms; however, the mechanisms associated with AXL overexpression in tumors remain largely unknown. In this study, to investigate these molecular mechanisms, wildtype and mutant proteins of arrestin domain-containing protein 3 (ARRDC3) and AXL were expressed, and co-immunoprecipitation analyses were performed. ARRDC3-deficient cells generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system were treated with different concentrations of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib and subjected to cell biological, molecular, and pharmacological experiments.

Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Agonism Alleviates Progressive Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment in Aged Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Hypertension and aging are leading risk factors for stroke and vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Most animal models fail to capture the complex interplay between these pathophysiological processes. In the current study, we examined the development of cognitive impairment in 18-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) before and following ischemic stroke.

Temporal Alterations in White Matter in An Knock-In Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and results in neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. White matter (WM) is affected in AD and has implications for neural circuitry and cognitive function. The trajectory of these changes across age, however, is still not well understood, especially at earlier stages in life.