MDCC-Net: Multiscale double-channel convolution U-Net framework for colorectal tumor segmentation.

Purpose: Multiscale feature fusion is a feasible method to improve tumor segmentation accuracy. However, current multiscale networks have two common problems: 1. Some networks only allow feature fusion between encoders and decoders of the same scale.

Transparent and Stretchable Graphene Electrode by Intercalation Doping for Epidermal Electrophysiology.

Epidermal electronics is regarded as the next-generation technology, and graphene is a promising electrode, which is a key building block of such devices. However, graphene has a tendency to crack at small strains with a rapidly increased resistance upon stretching. Here, to enable graphene applicable in epidermal electronics, we designed a novel graphene structure that is molybdenum chloride (MoCl)-intercalated few-layer graphene (Mo-FLG) fabricated in a confined environment.

A study of multinucleated giant cells in esophageal cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the occurrence, abundance, distribution, nature and clinical significance of multinucleated giant cell (MGC) in esophageal cancer.

Materials And Methods: MGCs were examined with conventional pathology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in 107 esophageal cancer tissues. The findings were correlated to pathological diagnosis and clinical behavior of the cancers.

Interferon-γ/Interleukin-27 Axis Induces Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells and Restores Immune Tolerance in Central Nervous System Autoimmunity.

Antigen (Ag)-specific tolerance induction by intravenous (i. v.) injection of high-dose auto-Ags has been explored for therapy of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS).

Oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles as antigen-specific therapy for autoimmune neuroinflammation in mice.

Autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) develop because of failed peripheral immune tolerance for a specific self-antigen (Ag). Numerous approaches for Ag-specific suppression of autoimmune neuroinflammation have been proven effective in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. One such approach is intravenous tolerance induction by injecting a myelin Ag used for triggering EAE.

Learning Dual Encoding Model for Adaptive Visual Understanding in Visual Dialogue.

Different from Visual Question Answering task that requires to answer only one question about an image, Visual Dialogue task involves multiple rounds of dialogues which cover a broad range of visual content that could be related to any objects, relationships or high-level semantics. Thus one of the key challenges in Visual Dialogue task is to learn a more comprehensive and semantic-rich image representation that can adaptively attend to the visual content referred by variant questions. In this paper, we first propose a novel scheme to depict an image from both visual and semantic views.

The gut microbiome in differential diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease and membranous nephropathy.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and membranous nephropathy (MN) are the two major causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Increasing evidence has shown that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with many diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the composition of the gut microbiome in DKD and MN patients.

A distinct GM-CSF T helper cell subset requires T-bet to adopt a T1 phenotype and promote neuroinflammation.

Elevation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–producing T helper (T) cells has been associated with several autoimmune diseases, suggesting a potential role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. However, the identity of GM-CSF–producing T cells has not been closely examined. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry, we identified eight populations of antigen-experienced CD45RACD4 T cells in blood of healthy individuals including a population of GM-CSF–producing cells, known as TGM, that lacked expression of signature transcription factors and cytokines of established T lineages.

Differential diagnosis for esophageal protruded lesions using a deep convolution neural network in endoscopic images.

Background And Aims: Recent advances in deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have led to remarkable results in digestive endoscopy. In this study, we aimed to develop CNN-based models for the differential diagnosis of benign esophageal protruded lesions using endoscopic images acquired during real clinical settings.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the images from 1217 patients who underwent white-light endoscopy (WLE) and EUS between January 2015 and April 2020.

Development of phosphorus-based inhibitors for PCDD/Fs suppression.

Inhibition mechanisms of sulfur-, nitrogen- and phosphorus- based inhibitors on the de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) were studied by exploring speciation evolution of carbon, chorine and copper in fly ash under laboratory-scale experiments. Significant inhibition of PCDD/Fs by thiourea (TUA) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) was observed as 97.2% and 98.

Air quality, nitrogen use efficiency and food security in China are improved by cost-effective agricultural nitrogen management.

China's gains in food production over the past four decades have been associated with substantial agricultural nitrogen losses, which contribute to air and water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and damage to human health. Here, we explore the potential to improve agricultural production practices that simultaneously increase yields while addressing these environmental challenges. We link agronomic research with air quality modelling for an integrated assessment of four improved nitrogen management strategies: improved farm management practices with nitrogen use reductions; machine deep placement of fertilizer; enhanced-efficiency fertilizer use; and improved manure management.

Self-calibrated optical vector analyzer with a largely extended measurement range based on linearly frequency-modulated waveform and recirculating frequency shifter.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel method to realize an optical vector analyzer (OVA) with a largely increased measurement range based on linearly frequency-modulated (LFM) waveform and a recircuiting frequency shifter (RFS) loop. An optical LFM signal is sent into an RFS loop to extend its frequency range by circulating in the loop. At the output of the RFS, the frequency-extended optical LFM signal is launched into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with the device under test (DUT) incorporated in one arm and a delay line in the other arm.

Predictive Factors and Long-Term Outcomes of Early Gastric Carcinomas in Patients with Non-Curative Resection by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

Purpose: Non-curative resection (NCR) remains problematic in some cases of early gastric carcinomas (EGCs) treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The aim of this study was to identify predictors of NCR, especially of eCura C1 and eCura C2 resections, before ESD and study long-term outcomes of EGC patients with NCR.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted over an 8-year period for EGCs undergoing ESD.

A Novel Anticancer Therapeutic Strategy to Target Autophagy Accelerates Radiation-Associated Atherosclerosis.

Purpose: Autophagy inhibition is a novel therapeutic strategy suggested for patients with advanced cancer, especially those who have undergone radiation therapy. In the present study, we investigated whether autophagy inhibitors accelerate the progression of radiation-associated atherosclerosis (RAA).

Methods And Materials: Eight-week-old apolipoprotein (ApoE) mice were fed a Western diet, and their left common carotid arteries were partially ligated to induce atherogenesis.

miR-15a-5p suppresses peritoneal fibrosis induced by peritoneal dialysis via targeting VEGF in rats.

Aim: When peritoneal fibrosis (PF) causes ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, PD has to be discontinued. Currently, there is no effective way to relieve PF. In this study, we aimed to determine whether miR-15a-5p is involved in PF and to determine the underlying mechanism.

IL1RAP regulated by PRPRD promotes gliomas progression via inducing neuronal synapse development and neuron differentiation in vitro.

Background: Glioma is a common fatal brain tumor that affects the central nervous system of the brain and spinal cord.

Methods: This is an original research. The morphology of M059 J cells and U373 cells were detected by microscope, cell neurite outgrowth was observed by immunofluorescence, and the expression of PRPRD and its downstream genes in HMC3 cells, M059 J cells and U373 cells were evaluated and compared with flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting assay.

An immune evasion mechanism with IgG4 playing an essential role in cancer and implication for immunotherapy.

Background: Recent impressive advances in cancer immunotherapy have been largely derived from cellular immunity. The role of humoral immunity in carcinogenesis has been less understood. Based on our previous observations we hypothesize that an immunoglobulin subtype IgG4 plays an essential role in cancer immune evasion.

Hybrid Fourier-domain mode-locked laser for ultra-wideband linearly chirped microwave waveform generation.

We show the generation of a tunable linearly chirped microwave waveform (LCMW) with an ultra-large time-bandwidth product (TBWP) based on a hybrid Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) laser. The key device in the hybrid FDML laser is a silicon photonic integrated micro-disk resonator (MDR) which functions as an optical bandpass filter, to have strong wavelength selectivity and fast frequency tunability. By incorporating the integrated MDR in the fiber-based ring cavity to perform frequency-domain mode locking, an FDML laser is realized and a broadband frequency-chirped optical pulse is generated.

Newborn screening and genetic characteristics of patients with short- and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies.

Background And Aims: Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies are a group of mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation disorders rarely reported in mainland China. We assessed the biochemical and genetic characteristics of patients with short- and very-long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies (SCADD/VLCADD) discovered through newborn screening.

Materials And Methods: We investigated the effects of genetic variations on protein function using in silico prediction and structural modelling.

High-performance ferroelectric non-volatile memory based on La-doped BiFeO thin films.

An ultrathin (6.2 nm) ferroelectric LaBiFeO (LBFO) film was epitaxially grown on a 0.7 wt% Nb-doped SrTiO (001) single-crystal substrate by carrying out pulsed laser deposition to form a Pt/LaBiFeO/Nb-doped SrTiO heterostructure.