Uncovering Hidden Patterns: Macrophage-like Cell Distribution Across Different Stages of Posterior Vitreous Detachment.

Purpose: To investigate the distribution of macrophage-like cells (MLCs) across different stages of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).

Methods: A total of 168 eyes from 168 subjects were included. MLCs were imaged by acquiring en face OCT images at depths of 5 to 10 µm on the inner limiting membrane, as well as using B-scan OCT.

Losartan-based nanocomposite hydrogel overcomes chemo-immunotherapy resistance by remodeling tumor mechanical microenvironment.

Preclinical studies demonstrating high cure rates with PD1/PD-L1 combinations have led to numerous clinical trials, but emerging results are disappointing. These combined immunotherapies are commonly employed for patients with refractory tumors following prior treatment with cytotoxic agents. Here, we uncovered that the post-chemotherapy tumor presents a unique mechanical microenvironment characterized by an altered extracellular matrix (ECM) elasticity and increased stiffness, which facilitate the development of aggressive tumor phenotypes and confer resistance to checkpoint blocking therapy.

Nano-omics: Frontier fields of fusion of nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology, an emerging force, has infiltrated diverse domains like biomedical, materials, and environmental sciences. Nano-omics, an emerging fusion, combines nanotechnology with omics, boasting amplified sensitivity and resolution. This review introduces nanotechnology basics, surveys its recent strides in nano-omics, deliberates present challenges, and envisions future growth.

Microbial corrosion of metallic biomaterials in the oral environment.

A wide variety of microorganisms have been closely linked to metal corrosion in the form of adherent surface biofilms. Biofilms allow the development and maintenance of locally corrosive environments and/or permit direct corrosion including pitting corrosion. The presence of numerous genetically distinct microorganisms in the oral environment poses a threat to the integrity and durability of the surface of metallic prostheses and implants used in routine dentistry.

Fagopyrum Dibotrys Rhizoma regulates pulmonary lipid metabolic homeostasis and the ERK-cPLA pathway to alleviate asthma in mice.

Background: Asthma is a complex disease with mechanisms involving multiple factors, and there is still a lack of highly effective and low-side-effect drugs. Traditional Chinese medicine Fagopyrum Dibotrys Rhizoma (FDR) has been applied for the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis as well as bronchial asthma due to its favorable pharmacological activity. However, the exact mechanism of FDR remains unclear.

Corrigendum: Expression profiling of ALOG family genes during inflorescence development and abiotic stress responses in rice ().

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.

Expression profiling of ALOG family genes during inflorescence development and abiotic stress responses in rice ( L.).

The ALOG ( LSH1 and G1) family proteins, namely, DUF640 domain-containing proteins, have been reported to function as transcription factors in various plants. However, the understanding of the response and function of ALOG family genes during reproductive development and under abiotic stress is still largely limited. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the structural characteristics of ALOG family proteins and their expression profiles during inflorescence development and under abiotic stress in rice.

Multiple-matrix metabolomics analysis for the distinct detection of colorectal cancer and adenoma.

Objectives: Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, current diagnostic tests for early-stage CRC and colorectal adenoma (CRA) are suboptimal. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore less invasive screening procedures for CRC and CRA diagnosis.

Methods: Untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolic profiling approach was applied to identify candidate metabolites.

Aldicarb disturbed bile acid, steroid hormone and oxylipin homeostasis in C57BL/6 J mice.

Mounting evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays a key role in human health. The homeostasis of the gut microbiota could be affected by many factors, including environmental chemicals. Aldicarb is a carbamate insecticide used to control a variety of insects and nematode pests in agriculture.

Analysis of gut microbiota metabolites of platycodin D and activity verification.

As the main saponin component of Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC, Platycodin D has been reported to have an anti-obesity effect. Due to poor oral absorption, the intestinal microflora usually transforms saponins into potential bioactive substances.

Integration of semi-empirical MS/MS library with characteristic features for the annotation of novel amino acid-conjugated bile acids.

Recently, amino acids other than glycine and taurine were found to be conjugated with bile acids by the gut microbiome in mouse and human. As potential diagnostic markers for inflammatory bowel disease and farnesoid X receptor agonists, their physiological effects and mechanisms, however, remain to be elucidated. A tool for the rapid and comprehensive annotation of such new metabolites is required.

Optimization of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid volume for untargeted lipidomic method and application in influenza A virus infection.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been widely applied for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in clinical as it was recognized as a minimally invasive, well-tolerated and easily performed procedure. Lipid analysis of BAL fluid is a comprehensive strategy to observe lipid phenotypes, explore potential biomarkers, and elucidate the biological mechanisms of respiratory diseases. However, the highly diverse concentration of lipids in BAL fluid due to the deviation between the retrieved and injected aliquot volumes during lavage raised a challenge in obtaining high-quality lipidomic data.

Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites in C57BL/6J Mice.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) represents an increasing public health concern due to its persistence in the environment and its toxic effects. The gut microbiota is known to produce various metabolites that assist the host to maintain metabolic homeostasis. However, few studies have explored the effects of PFOA on gut-microbiota-related metabolites.

Discovery of -Acyl Amino Acids and Novel Related -, -Acyl Lipids by Integrating Molecular Networking and an Extended In Silico Spectral Library.

Research on novel bioactive lipids has garnered increasing interest. Although lipids can be identified by searching mass spectral libraries, the discovery of novel lipids remains challenging as the query spectra of such lipids are not included in libraries. In this study, we propose a strategy to discover novel carboxylic acid-containing acyl lipids by integrating molecular networking with an extended spectral library.

Electroacupuncture intervention on stress-induced cardiac autonomic imbalance in rats involves corticotropin-releasing hormone system activity.

Autonomic imbalance is a core aspect of stress response that strongly correlates to cardiovascular diseases. Enhanced activity of the central corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) system may result in autonomic imbalance to cause cardiovascular responses in a stress state. Electroacupuncture at PC6 acupoints has been demonstrated to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.

Conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasound of scleroring angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen.

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is an uncommon non-tumorous disease of the spleen. The low morbidity and non-specific clinical symptoms of SANT might cause a misdiagnosis. The present study reported a case of a 31-year-old female with a SANT of the spleen.

Size-dependent effects of polystyrene microplastics on gut metagenome and antibiotic resistance in C57BL/6 mice.

Microplastic pollution is an emerging threat for marine and terrestrial ecosystems, which has raised global concerns about its implications for human health. Mounting evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays a key role in human health and diseases. The gut bacteria could be disturbed by many environmental factors, including the microplastic particles.

Platycodon grandiflorus root extract activates hepatic PI3K/PIP3/Akt insulin signaling by enriching gut Akkermansia muciniphila in high fat diet fed mice.

Background: Increasing hepatic insulin signaling is found to be an important mechanism of Platycodon grandiflorus root to alleviate metabolic syndrome (MetS) symptoms such as insulin resistance, obesity, hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis, but the details are not yet clear. Since the main constituents of Platycodon grandiflorus root were hard to be absorbed by gastrointestinal tract, getting opportunity to interact with gut microbiota, we speculate the gut microorganisms may mediate its effect.

Purpose: Our work aimed to confirm the critical role of gut microbes in the intervention of Platycodon grandiflorus root extract (PRE) on MetS, and investigate the mechanism.

Gut commensal alleviates inflammatory arthritis.

Objective: Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely linked to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to identify potential probiotic gut microbes that can ameliorate the development of RA.

Design: Microbiota profiling in patients with RA and healthy individuals was investigated via 16S rDNA bacterial gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics.

Developability profiling of a panel of Fc engineered SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies.

To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, potential therapies have been developed and moved into clinical trials at an unprecedented pace. Some of the most promising therapies are neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. In order to maximize the therapeutic effectiveness of such neutralizing antibodies, Fc engineering to modulate effector functions and to extend half-life is desirable.